• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.952-957
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• 2015

Recently, the interior permanent magnet (IPM) motors for electric vehicle (EV) traction motor are being extensively researched because of its high energy density and high efficiency. The traction motor for EV requires high power and high efficiency at the wide driving region. Therefore, it is essential to fully consider the characteristics of the motor from low speed to high-speed driving regions. Especially, when the motor is driven at high speed, a significant centrifugal force is applied to the rotor. Thus, the rotor must be stably structured and be fully endured at the critical speed. In this paper, aims to examine the characteristics of the IPM motor by adjusting the width of air-barrier according to the permanent magnet position which is critical in designing an IPM motor for EV traction motors and to conduct a centrifugal force analysis for grasping mechanical safety.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.43-46
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• 2013

Gastrocolic fistula is a fistulous communication between the stomach and the colon. It is a passage between the gastric epithelium and the colonic epithelium. This uncommon complication is caused by benign and malignant diseases of the stomach or the colon. Its clinical manifestations include weight loss, diarrhea and fecal vomiting; occasionally, anemia, poor oral intake, fatigue and dizziness; and very rarely, gastrointestinal bleeding. In this paper, an unusual case of gastrocolic fistula accompanied by hematochezia, which was revealed to have been caused by colon cancer invasion, is described.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제50권1호
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• pp.54-56
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• 2011

Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is frequently associated with inflammatory lesions of the spine and continuous fatigue stress fractures; however, an association with an intraspinal synovial cyst has not been previously reported. A 55-year-old man with a five year history of AS who presented with back pain and a right radiculopathy was admitted to the hospital. Five years previously, he underwent a percutaneous vertebroplasty for an osteoporotic L1 compression fracture, and was diagnosed with AS at that time. Plain radiographs showed aggravated kyphosis and a stress fracture through the ossified posterior element, below the prior vertebroplasty. Magnetic resonance images revealed a right foraminal cystic lesion at the L2-L3 level with effacement of the nerve root. A 1.6 cm cystic lesion that appeared to arise from the L2-L3 facet joint without direct communication was excised from the L2-L3 foramen. Pathological examination confirmed synovial cyst. The patient's symptoms resolved immediately after surgery except for a mild dysesthesia of the right leg. We report herein a rare case of foraminal synovial cyst associated with AS accompanying posterior element fracture with a review of literature.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.652-660
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• 2005

This study is performed for the investigation of management of personnel, wages, welfare, communication, labor, safety, treatment improvement according to assigned working places(primary, middle and high school). This study is based on the final analysis summarized on the 285 questionnaire answered by employee for school foodservice in Buchon city after distributing total 500 questionnaire. The conclusion of this analysis of study is as following. This report says the reason of this mind is caused by hard work. This investigation says they feel to be compensated with low wages on the contrary their hard working and this caused them to demoralize and increase to give up their jobs. The long tenn vacation like childcare vacation is newly established by present improvement of working condition but this improvement action is ineffective. Many of them are feeling to a fatigue and ill health and the condition of occupational disease as hard work. The present improvement of irregular employee treatment like above cases is not effective. So the rewards and payment shall be considered according to their hard work and the working condition must be improved practically for the settlement of their job without leaving.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.21-33
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• 2007

The study investigates the effects of luminance contrast, which is the contrast between text color and background color, on readability in VDT environments. Our research goals are to prove that the relationship between luminance contrast and readability is not linear and to explore the best luminance contrast level for optimal readability. We conducted two pretests before the main experiment to determine the operational readability and luminance contrast levels. We also conducted a controlled main experiment, in which luminance contrast, reading amount and screen size were tested in terms of its relation with readability. The results of the main experiment indicate that the readability has a non-linear relation with luminance contrast, and the optimal readability is obtained when the contrast is equal to 0.951. Furthermore, the non-linear function and optional point stay constant regardless of screen size and reading amount. The paper ends with implications of the results that maximal contrast does not always mean the optimal readability.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.211-217
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• 2019

This study is designed to reduce worker fatigue, improve efficiency and provide a functional working environment based on previous studies that pain occurs in the shoulder area, especially the upper trapezius muscle, when the keyboard height is not appropriate. In this study, the height of the keyboard is four, the height of the elbow and desk is the same height, the height of the desk is 3cm lower than the elbow, the height of the desk is 6cm high, and the height is 9cm high. When working on the keyboard, the wrist and forerunner were organized into four groups of 10 people so that the height was different for each group. When the height of the keyboard is given in various ways compared to the height of the elbow of the subject, it is verified whether there is a difference in the RMS (Root Mean Square) of the upper trapezius muscle. The results of this study showed that the muscle activity of the upper trapezius muscle cap was significant only in the left and right keyboard height -4cm, 0cm, +4cm, +8cm group, but the difference in muscle activity was not significant in the rest group. The first study will require a study of the control of the factors affecting the tension of the subjects, the measurement of muscle activity against various muscles, and whether the length of the shoulder and fingertips of the subject affect muscle activity according to the keyboard type.

• Korean Circulation Journal
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• 제52권9호
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• pp.659-679
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• 2022

Efforts to improve end-of-life (EOL) care have generally been focused on cancer patients, but high-quality EOL care is also important for patients with other serious medical illnesses including heart failure (HF). Recent HF guidelines offer more clinical considerations for palliative care including EOL care than ever before. Because HF patients can experience rapid, unexpected clinical deterioration or sudden death throughout the disease trajectory, choosing an appropriate time to discuss issues such as advance directives or hospice can be challenging in real clinical situations. Therefore, EOL issues should be discussed early. Conversations are important for understanding patient and family expectations and developing mutually agreed goals of care. In particular, high-quality communication with patient and family through a multidisciplinary team is necessary to define patient-centered goals of care and establish treatment based on goals. Control of symptoms such as dyspnea, pain, anxiety/depression, fatigue, nausea, anorexia, and altered mental status throughout the dying process is an important issue that is often overlooked. When quality-of-life outweighs expanding quantity-of-life, the transition to EOL care should be considered. Advanced care planning including resuscitation (i.e., do-not resuscitate order), device deactivation, site for last days and bereavement support for the family should focus on ensuring a good death and be reviewed regularly. It is essential to ensure that treatment for all HF patients incorporates discussions about the overall goals of care and individual patient preferences at both the EOL and sudden changes in health status. In this review, we focus on EOL care for end-stage HF patients.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제9권5호
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• pp.1066-1072
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• 2005

비휘발성 메모리 소자로의 응용의 관점에서, sol-gel 방법으로 PLZT(x/30/70) 박막을 제작하여 La 농도에 따른 구조적 및 전기적 특성을 조사하였다 La 농도가 0 에서 $10mol\%$ 로 증가함에 따라, PLZT 박막의 유전상수는 450 에서 600 으로 증가된 반면, 유전손실과 100kV/cm에서 측정한 누설전류밀도는 각각 0.075 에서 0.025 로 $5.83{\times}10^{-7}$에서 $1.38{\times}10^{-7}A/cm^2$ 으로 감소되었다. 175kV/cm 에서 측정한 PLZT 박막의 이력곡선을 측정한 결과, La 농도가 0 에서 $10mol\%$ 로 증가함에 따라 박막의 잔류분극과 항전계는 각각 20.8에서 $10.5{\mu}C/cm^2,$ 54.48 에서 32.12kV/cm 로 감소되었다. PLZT 박막에 ${\pm}5V$ 의 사각펄스를 $10^9$ 회 인가하여 피로특성을 측정한 결과, La 농도가 증가함에 따라 초기 분극값의 감소가 64 에서 $40\%$ 로 개선됨을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 전력전자학회논문지
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.383-390
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• 2008

본 논문은 산업현장에서 중요부하에 안정적인 전원공급을 하기 위하여 설치한 Static Transfer Switch (STS)의 사이리스터(SCR)가 평균 2%대의 고장으로 문제가 되고 있어 이를 방지하고자 SCR 양단에 기계적인 접점스위치를 병렬로 연결시키고 SCR은 병렬스위치가 동작 가능한 구간인 $12{\sim}208$[mS] 구간에만 기능을 수행하도록 구성하였다. 또한 두 개의 입력 중 어느 한쪽이 단락 또는 지락 사고가 발생되더라도 다른 한쪽의 경로와 부하에 영향을 주지 않도록, 두 개의 입력이 동시 투입되는 시간을 차단하는 ISC (Ideal State Conditioning Interlock Device) - STS 시스템을 제안하였다. 이 제안으로 년간 0.89회의 전환 동작 시에만 SCR이 역할을 하고 전환시점 이후에는 병렬스위치가 전원공급계통의 역할을 함으로서 SCR의 피로도를 현저히 감소시켜 고장률을 감소시킬 뿐만 아니라 고장이 발생된 경우라도 부하에는 영향을 미치지 않아 중요부하의 전원공급에 대한 신뢰성을 높이는데 기여할 수 있다.

• 수산해양교육연구
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.724-732
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to obtain a basic data on layout of the trawlers' bridge equipment. The task activities of bridge workers involved in the navigation and fishing operation were analyzed by link analysis methods. The results are as follows. It was found that the movement pattern and frequency of bridge workers are different accordance with the bridge work (navigation, casting net, towing net and hauling net). The central workstation of movement of the bridge workers was a radar workstation, a steering workstation and a trawl winch workstation in the bridge work. But the radar did not show up as the center of movement during the hauling net. Workstations related deeply to the central workstations of the movement on the bridge were as below. Radar workstation was related to a GPS plotter, a microphone location for external communication with VHF and MF/HF equipment and a steering in the case of the navigation, the steering, the GPS plotter and the net monitor in the case of the fishing operation. Steering workstation was related deeply to the GPS plotter, the radar in the case of the navigation, a speed controller, the GPS plotter, a fish finder, the net monitor and the microphone location in the case of the fishing operation. Trawl winch workstation showed deep relation with the GPS plotter and the speed control during the fishing operation. Through this study, it was found that Workstations related deeply to the central workstation of the movement of the bridge workers in accordance with the bridge work. The results of this study might be utilized as the basic data on the bridge layout to minimize the fatigue degree due to a physical movement of the bridge workers.