• Journal of Distribution Science
• /
• v.9 no.2
• /
• pp.25-30
• /
• 2011

Transport is animportant sector of government regulation. Every country has its own transport policy, but European countries are evolving a common transport policy, which has a long history. The establishment of a consistent common policy in the EU's transport sector is still underway. The key motivations of this policy are 1) to establish and implement a common transport policy, 2) to clarify the concept of sustainability in the transport sector, and 3) to integrate transport services into a common infrastructure. One of the policy's objectives is the progressive movement towards sustainable development in the transport section. The EU'stransport policy has recognised that intermodality is a very important competitive tool. The EU's policy thrustin intermodal transport can be catergorised into infrastructure, technology, and standards and rules. However, obstacles to success can be detected. Cases like that of TEN-T and Marco Polo illustrate European intermodal policies in practice. As regards sustainability in the transport sector, intermodality can be an alternative solution to the increasing imbalance between transport modes and congestion arising from increased road use. Sustainability has been emphasised by the EU, which aims to establish intermodality in its future alternative transport systems while fostering sustainable development in the transport sector. Therefore, intermodality can be defined as a general trend in the current transport market, drawing interest from public institutions and transport-related market players. The EU has thus made an effort to facilitate intermodality in its territory, materialised through various policy options. Therefore, looking into the EU's intermodal transport policies is worthwhile, as doing so can provide useful lessons for all concerned parties.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
• /
• v.17 no.2
• /
• pp.1-28
• /
• 2001

Korea has been at the forefront of efforts to enhance international cooperation in transport and communications within Northeast Asia. This effort is driven not only by the benefits that could accrue to the Korean Peninsula but also to all nations in the region. Mutual cooperation within Northeast Asia would reduce transport and communications costs and provide the basis for a regional transport and logistics network. Before progress can be made towards an integrated transport and communications system in Northeast Asia, however, there is a need to evaluate its prospects, outline a visionary plan, and detail a preferred strategy. The strategy to develop the Korean Peninsula as the gateway for Northeast Asia should harmonize with the region's common transport (and communications) policy The strategy adopted by South Korea is focused primarily on the development of an improved logistics infrastructure that would be extended to North Korea upon reunification. The seaport and airport developments In Korea will have to be supported by improved access to planned high-speed railways, expressways and freight distribution centers that, in turn, are to be integrated with new telecommunications and computer technologies. The benefits from these improvements will be lost unless existing government monopolies controlling seaport, airport, rail, road and expressway developments are commercialized to ensure that the price of transport reflects its actual cost. Technical harmonization between different modes should be promoted to facilitate efficient intermodal transport between the Korean Peninsula and the rest of Northeast Asia.

• The Journal of Information Technology
• /
• v.10 no.2
• /
• pp.65-80
• /
• 2007

The development of social enterprise is rapidly emerging trend in Europe. Social enterprises are businesses with a social purpose working. There is no single legal model for social enterprise. There are many social enterprises operating in a wide range of industries from farmers markets and recycling companies to transport providers and childcare. Common characteristics of Social enterprise are Enterprise Orientation, Social aims, Social ownership.

• Proceedings of the KOR-KST Conference
• /
• 1995.05a
• /
• pp.61-68
• /
• 1995

Difficulties in riding, driving and parking are a common issue which inevitably appears in city urbanization and city modernization development all over the world. However, those cities differ in controlling the traffic. According to the specific practice in Shanghai, this article presents the various factors which affect the traffic capacity and the operation quality. This article also outlines transportation system management technique of overall coordination and comprehensive control in the following seven aspects: controlling traffic motivation; improving traffic distribution; reasonably and scientifically selecting travel mode, travel route and travel time; reinforcing traffic management and road construction. The article finally suggests that above mentioned points are cost-effective ways of handling traffic plight for metropolitan transport.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
• /
• v.35 no.7
• /
• pp.581-588
• /
• 2011

Globalization of production, changing technology in ocean shipping sector, shifting bargaining power from port service provider to port users, changing distribution patterns of the containerization and new implementation for the environment and safety concerns introduced new ways of administration in port sector. In these days, port industries cannot survive alone. Port operation and management has to be proactive to cooperate and integrate with other port operators or other industries. In the 21st century, cooperation in maritime sector is more common than that in the past with several different reasons in a mixture of forms of cooperation. Cooperation among port authorities, port operators, shipping line, inland transport service providers and/or related organizations themselves becomes to exist to overcome the challenges and development of the global transport chain. This paper investigates the concept of port cooperation and the case analysis of the cooperation in the port industry.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
• /
• v.21 no.9
• /
• pp.323-331
• /
• 2021

The relevance of the study implies the need to explain the main determinants of environmental policy, allowing countries to converge on a common working basis. The purpose of the research is to explore ways in which the environmental aspects of EU regions and territories can be shaped to apply to domestic environmental policy. A total of 997 representatives from the Ukrainian UTCs, who are involved in local environmental policy, participated in the survey. Results of the research. A hierarchy of regional environmental policy objectives has been identified. Three key principles of eco-policy development have been distinguished. The means of the innovative approach strategy implementation have been outlined (formation of the regional market of environmental services; organization of interaction between environmental agencies and market structures; establishment of environmental funds which finance environmental activities; implementation of the "collateral return" system; formation of a system of benefits and loans to enterprises that successfully implement the environmental policy). The means of the prognostic approach implementation strategy to the development of the region's environmental policy have been determined (the use of an orderly and successful long-term strategy of economic development of the region; obligatory consideration in the mechanisms strategy aimed at improvement of environmental management system of the region, interbranch impact of the projects implemented on the region's ecological situation; taking into consideration the economic and geographical peculiarities of the region, the necessary infrastructure, issues of the territorial location of the large enterprises in the region and their impact on the environment). The means of the traditional approach strategy implementation have been outlined (activity programs focused on solution of specific problems, rather than on the implementation of measures for environmental restoration and enhancement; nature conservation problems have interbranch, interdepartmental character due to unity of the region's ecosystem; tracking complexity of changing conditions (water basins, woodlands, air-mass transport), regional boundaries generally do not coincide with natural ecosystems boundaries). The practical significance of the study lies in providing recommendations for the implementation of certain aspects of Ukrainian UTC's environmental policy.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
• /
• v.49
• /
• pp.237-256
• /
• 2011

A Liner Conference can be defined as "a group of two or more vessel operating carriers which provide international liner services for the carriage of cargo on a particular route or routes within specific geographical limits and which has an agreement or arrangement within the framework of which they operate under uniform or common freight rates and any other agreed conditions with respect to the provisions of the liner services". This study reviews maritime transport policy regarding liner conference and the changes in the liner market over the decades. Liner shipping industry has long been protected from competition by block exemption. The repeal of the block exemption for liner conferences and the abolition of any special EC antitrust regime for the shipping industry marks an important step in European maritime competition policy. This article examines the origins and the rationale of the EC antitrust immunity granted so far th the shipping industry and explains the causes of this historic changes. The abolition of Regulation 4056/86 and of the EU commitment to the UN Code of Conduct marks an historical evolution in international maritime policy, which will have an influence far beyond the EU.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.20 no.2
• /
• pp.622-631
• /
• 2019

The purpose of this study is to establish and apply a public transport valuation system to form required policy for institutionalization. Over the past six years, Jeju has seen a steady increase in the number of cars owned by its population. Also, as the number of tourists has changed from group to individual tourists, the rate of rental car use has increased rapidly. As a result, road congestion in Jeju city is becoming as crowded as Seoul., Jeju Island is said to have created a foundation for faster, more convenient, and cheaper use of transportation through the reorganization of the public transportation system in August 2017. This is also reflected in the Public Transportation Value Assessment. Jeju residents were in favor of strengthening public transportation priority policy. In addition, public transport valuations are highly valued in the order of public transportation fares, public transportation stability, public transportation policies for the common people, public transportation policies for the vulnerable, public transportation policies for residents, environmentally-friendly policies, and public transportation to help ease traffic congestion. This is because public transportation has a wide range of values and should refine the factors that local governments use to evaluate policy. These methods need to be institutionalized and actively utilized through the establishment of a value assessment system for public transport.

• Proceedings of the KOR-KST Conference
• /
• 1995.05b
• /
• pp.69-76
• /
• 1995

Difficulties in riding , driving and parking are a common issue which inevitably appears in city urbanization and city modernization development all over the world. However, those cities differ in controlling the traffic. According to the specific practice in Shanghai, this article presents the various factors which affect the traffic capacity and operation quality . This article also outlines transportation system management technique of overall coordination and comprehensive control in the following seven aspects : controlling traffic motivation : improving traffic distribution : reasonably and scientifically selecting travel mode, travel route and travel time : reinforcing traffic management and road construction. The article finally suggests that the above mentioned points are cost-effective ways of the handling traffic plight for metropolitan transport.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
• /
• v.18 no.1
• /
• pp.14-26
• /
• 2019

For bus drivers' safe driving, a policy that analyzes the causes of the drivers' traffic accidents and then assists their safe driving is required. Therefore, the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport set up its plan to gradually expand the equipping of commercial vehicles with FCWS (Forward Collision Warning System) and LDWS(Lane Departure Warning System), from the driver-supporting ADAS(Advanced Driver Assistance Systems). However, there is not much basic research on the analysis of bus drivers' traffic accidents in Korea. As such, the time is appropriate to research what is the most necessary ADAS for bus drivers going forward to prevent bus accidents. The purpose of this research is to analyze how serious the accidents were in the different bus routes and whether the accidents were repetitive, and to give recommendations on how to support ADAS for buses, as an improvement. A model of ordered logit was used to analyze how serious the accidents were and as a result, vehicle to pedestrian accidents which directly affected individuals were statistically significant in all of the models, and violations of regulations, such as speeding, traffic signal violation and violation of safeguards for passengers, were indicated in common in several models. Therefore, the pedestrian-sensor system and automatic emergency control device for pedestrian should be installed to reduce bus accidents directly affecting persons in the future, and education for drivers and ADAS are to be offered to reduce the violations of regulations.