• 미생물학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.400-405
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• 1986

이미 발표된 각 시료들의 tRNAAn 염기 서열을 이용하여 세통학적 연구플 하였나. archaebacterium안 H. volcano가 진핵생물과 연계된 결과는 진핵생물이 eubacteria와의 공통척 조상에셔 분화되지 않았음을 세시하며 Phage $T_{4}$와 $T_{s}$,의 연계 순서는 그들이 각각 독럽적으로 숙주로부터 분화되였음을 내타낸다. tRNA의 염기 순서의 상관관계를 이용한 연구 결과가 기존의 다른 연구 결고 및 고생물학적 기록들과도 일치함을 알 수 있었다.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.17-23
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• 2012

This paper analyzes the feasibility of a new 3DTV broadcasting service scenario via Advanced Television Systems Committee Mobile/Handheld (ATSC-M/H). We suggest a dual-channel system in which a left-view image is encoded by MPEG-2 with HD quality and a small-sized right-view image is encoded by AVC. Also, the left view is transmitted through ATSC main channel and the right view is transmitted through ATSC-M/H channel. Although the transport stream formats of two channels are different from each other, we demonstrate that it is possible for the ATSC 2.0 decoder to synchronize the display of the left and right views when both encoders use a common wall clock and time stamp. We also propose a program specific information descriptor which guarantees full compatibility with the conventional 2D HDTV and emerging mobile TV services. Finally, we provide the results of subjective visual quality assessment of the proposed system in support of its 3DTV service quality.

• JSTS:Journal of Semiconductor Technology and Science
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.675-681
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• 2016

A 41dB gain control range $6^{th}$-order band-pass receiver front-end (RFE) using CMOS switched frequency translated impedance (FTI) is presented in a 40 nm CMOS technology. The RFE consists of a frequency tunable RF band-pass filter (BPF), IQ gm cells, and IQ TIAs. The RF BPF has wide gain control range preserving constant filter Q and pass band flatness due to proposed pre-distortion scheme. Also, the RF filter using CMOS switches in FTI blocks shows low clock leakage to signal nodes, and results in low common mode noise and stable operation. The baseband IQ signals are generated by combining baseband Gm cells which receives 8-phase signal outputs down-converted at last stage of FTIs in the RF BPF. The measured results of the RFE show 36.4 dB gain and 6.3 dB NF at maximum gain mode. The pass-band IIP3 and out-band IIP3@20 MHz offset are -10 dBm and +12.6 dBm at maximum gain mode, and +14 dBm and +20.5 dBm at minimum gain mode, respectively. With a 1.2 V power supply, the current consumption of the overall RFE is 40 mA at 500 MHz carrier frequency.

• 천문학회보
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• 제43권1호
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• pp.40.1-40.1
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• 2018

외계행성 탐색시스템 18k 모자이크 CCD 카메라는 4개의 9k CCD로 구성되며 총 32개 채널의 영상영역과 리드아웃 회로를 가진다. 관측 영상에는 각 영상영역에 대한 오버스캔(overscan) 영역이 포함되는데, 영상 신호에 의한 오버스캔 영역의 바이어스(bias) 교란을 최소화하기 위해 리드아웃 회로의 인버팅 앰프에 대한 Common Mode Rejection Ratio(CMRR)를 미세 조정하였다. 그 결과 세 사이트의 평균 CMRR이 55 dB에서 73 dB로 향상되었고, 기존에는 영상 신호에 따른 오버스캔 바이어스 레벨의 선형적 관계가 약 2/1,000의 기울기를 가졌으나 조정 후에는 약 2/10,000로 바이어스 오차가 줄어들었다. CCD 리드아웃 회로의 미세조정과 클락(clock) 개선을 통해 물결무늬 잡음 제거 및 읽기 잡음 감소가 이루어졌으며, 향후의 추가적인 바이어스 안정화와 크로스톡 개선 방안이 검토되고 있다. 카메라 전자부 조정 과정 및 결과와 더불어, 카메라 듀어와 부대장비 유지보수, Polycold CryoTiger 냉각기 운영 및 개선 관련 노하우도 함께 발표한다.

• 기본간호학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.403-412
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• 2014

Purpose: Shift work disrupts the synchronization between the human biological clock and the environment. Sleep disturbances are common for shift work nurses, and may threaten patient safety. This study was done to investigate the sleep characteristics and medication errors (ME) of intensive care unit (ICU) nurses who work shifts, and ascertain if there is an association between these factors. Methods: Data were collected using a self-report questionnaire from 126 ICU nurses on three shifts. Collected data included their sleep characteristics including sleep patterns and sleep disturbances, and ME for the past 2 weeks. Results: There were significant differences in sleep duration and sleep latency according to shift. Day shift nurses had the shortest sleep duration, and their sleep latency was the longest (about 49 minutes) compared to nurses on evening and night shifts; 54% reported sleep disturbances, 16% experienced ME, and among these nurses 50% were on the night shift. Logistic regression analysis revealed significant associations between nurses' sleep duration and ME (adjusted OR 0.52 [95% CI 0.32-0.85]). Conclusions: The results confirmed that shift work nurses in the ICUs experience sleep disturbance, and that less sleep is associated with ME.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제6권6호
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• pp.1689-1706
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• 2012

The preservation of temporal dependencies among a group of processes that exchange continuous media at runtime is a key issue for emerging mobile distributed systems (MDS), such as monitoring of biosignals and interactive multiuser games. Although several works are oriented to satisfy temporal dependencies, most of them are not suitable for MDSs. In general, an MDS is characterized by the absence of global references (e.g. shared memory and wall clock), host mobility, limited processing and storage capabilities in mobile hosts, and limited bandwidth on wireless communication channels. This paper proposes an asymmetric synchronization protocol to be used at runtime in an MDS without using a common reference. One main aspect of our synchronization protocol is that it translates temporal constraints to causal dependencies of the continuous media data as seen by the mobile hosts. We simulate the protocol by considering a cellular network environment and by using MPEG-4 encoders. The simulation results show that our protocol is effective in reducing the synchronization error. In addition, the protocol is efficient in terms of processing and storage costs at the mobile devices, as well as in the overhead attached per message across the wired and wireless channels.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제50권5호
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• pp.125-138
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to analyze the research literature on play therapy intervention for children with ADHD. Thirty-nine studies, conducted from 1995 to 2010, were analyzed. The results of the literature review are as follows: The most commonly studied subjects were elementary school children in grades 1-3. The most common subject selection method was to select ADHD tendency children. The most typical intervention setting used was a counseling center. The most frequent intervention was 11-15 sessions of group counseling. Pre-post experimental-control research designs were the most commonly used. In the analyzed studies, play therapy-game play therapy, CBPT, CCPT, sand play therapy, and theraplay- was used for ADHD children. The studies found that game play therapy and cognitive-behavior play therapy are effective for improving ADHD children's attention, impulsiveness, and self-control. The major game play therapy activities used were dart games, "Simon says" games, fishing games, dominoes, Jenga, Beat the Clock, the board game "Stop," and "Ice, break., ice, break." Based on these findings, this article presents implications and discussion for play therapy intervention for ADHD children.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.415-425
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• 2022

Memory formation in the hippocampus is formed and maintained by circadian clock genes during sleep. Sleep deprivation (SD) can lead to memory impairment and neuroinflammation, and there remains no effective pharmacological treatment for these effects. Myricetin (MYR) is a common natural flavonoid that has various pharmacological activities. In this study, we investigated the effects of MYR on memory impairment, neuroinflammation, and neurotrophic factors in sleep-deprived rats. We analyzed SD-induced cognitive and spatial memory, as well as pro-inflammatory cytokine levels during SD. SD model rats were intraperitoneally injected with 10 and 20 mg/kg/day MYR for 14 days. MYR administration significantly ameliorated SD-induced cognitive and spatial memory deficits; it also attenuated the SD-induced inflammatory response associated with nuclear factor kappa B activation in the hippocampus. In addition, MYR enhanced the mRNA expression of brain-derived neurotropic factor (BDNF) in the hippocampus. Our results showed that MYR improved memory impairment by means of anti-inflammatory activity and appropriate regulation of BDNF expression. Our findings suggest that MYR is a potential functional ingredient that protects cognitive function from SD.

• 한국자원식물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국자원식물학회 2023년도 임시총회 및 춘계학술대회
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• pp.15-15
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• 2023

The chloroplast (cp) is an autonomous plant organelle with an individual genome that codes for essential cellular functions. The architecture and gene content of the cp genome is highly conserved in angiosperms. The plastome of Corydalis belongs to the Papaveraceae family, and the genome is comprised of unusual rearrangements and gene content. Thus far, no extensive comparative studies have been carried out to understand the evolution of Corydalis chloroplast genomes. Therefore, the Corydalis platycarpa cp genome was sequenced, and wide-scale comparative studies were conducted using publicly available twenty Corydalis plastomes. Comparative analyses showed that an extensive genome rearrangement and IR expansion occurred, and these events evolved independently in the Corydalis species. In addition, the protein-coding genes accD and the ndh gene loss events occurred in the common ancestor of the Corydalis and sub-clade of the Corydalis lineage, respectively. The gene ndh lost in the Corydalis-sub clade species is distributed predominantly in the Qinghai-Tibetan plateau (QTP) region. The molecular clock analysis suggests that the divergence time of all the ndh gene lost Corydalis sub-clade species occurred in the 44.31 - 15.71 mya. These results coincide very well with the uplift of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in the Oligocene and Miocene periods, and maybe during this period, it probably triggered the radiation of the Corydalis species. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first large-scale comparative study of Corydalis plastomes and their evolution. The present study may provide insights into the plastome architecture and the molecular evolution of Corydalis species.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제13권11호
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• pp.5389-5396
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• 2012

본 논문에서는 H.264/AVC의 고성능 잔여 데이터 복호기를 위해 최적화된 하드웨어 구조를 제안한다. 제안하는 하드웨어 구조는 새로운 역영자화 수식들을 적용한 공통 연산기를 갖는 병렬 역양자화기와 병렬 역변환기를 통합한 하드웨어 구조이다. 새로운 역양자화 수식들은 기존 수식에서 나눗셈 연산을 제거하여 연산량 및 처리시간을 감소시키고 새로운 수식들을 처리하기 위해 곱셈기와 왼쪽 쉬프터로 구성된 하나의 공통 연산기를 사용한다. 역양자화기는 4개의 공통 연산기를 병렬처리하기 때문에 $4{\times}4$ 블록의 역양자화 수행 사이클 수를 1 사이클로 감소시키고, 제안하는 역변환기는 8개의 역변환 연산기를 사용하여 $4{\times}4$ 블록의 역변환 수행 사이클 수를 1 사이클로 감소시킨다. 또한 제안하는 구조는 역양자화 연산과 역변환 연산을 동시에 수행하기 때문에 하나의 $4{\times}4$ 블록을 처리하는 데 1 사이클이 소요되어 수행 사이클 수가 감소한다. 제안하는 구조를 Magnachip 0.18um CMOS 공정 라이브러리를 이용하여 합성한 결과 게이트 수는 21.9k, critical path delay는 5.5ns이고, 최대 동작 주파수는 181MHz이다. 최대 동작 주파수에서 제안하는 구조의 throughput은 2.89Gpixels/sec이다. 표준 참조 소프트웨어 JM 9.4에서 추출한 데이터를 이용하여 성능을 측정한 결과 제안하는 구조의 수행 사이클 수가 기존 구조들 대비 88.5% 이상 향상되었다.