• 한국생산제조학회지
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.9-17
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• 2000

The use of ceramic inserts in steel forging tools offers significant technical and economic advantages over other materi-als of manufacture. These potential benefits can however only be realised by optimal design of the tools so that the ceramic insert are not subjected to stresses that led to their premature failure. In this paper the data on loading of the tools is determined from a commercial forging simulation package as the contact stress distribution on the die-workpiece interface and as temperature distributions in the die. This data can be processed as load input data for a finite-element die-stress analysis. Process simulation and stress analysis are thus combined during the design and a data exchange program has been developed that enables optimal design of the dies taking into account the elastic detections generated in shrink fitting the die inserts and that caused by the stresses generated in the forging process. The stress analysis of the dies is used to determine the stress conditions on the ceramic insert by considering contact and interference effects under both mechanical and thermal loads. Simulation results have been validated as a result of experimental investigation. Laboratory tests on ceramic insert dies have verified the superior performance of the Zirconia and Silicon Nitride ceramic insert in order to prolong maintenance life.

• 소성∙가공
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.165-170
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• 2018

In order to increase the lifetimes of cold forging dies, insert rings are generally used. In this study, an insert ring and shrunk ring of the flange upsetting die were designed for the cold forging of an automotive wheel nut. The Stress distribution occurring in the die during forging was simulated using a commercial finite element analyzing program. The effects of the fitting interference and inclined angle of the insert ring on the compressive stress of the die inside were also investigated. The simulated data were compared with the real lifetimes of the forging dies. The maximum compressive stress acting on the edge of a forging die should have the most influence on die lifetime, an idea which could help develop the die design with the longest lifetime. The design of the most optimal forging die with the longest lifetime is made possible by analyzing the maximum inner pressure and principal stress between the shrunk ring and insert ring.

• 한국주조공학회지
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.41-47
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• 2018

In a numerical study, equations relating the mechanical properties and cooling rate in a casting process have been applied to an AC4CH cast aluminum alloy. Good agreement was found between the measured and predicted material properties. Step-shaped steel blocks were made to comprise a casting mold with a Y-shaped cavity. Thermometers were inserted into each step of the mold to investigate temperature changes. The microstructure and mechanical properties, such as hardness and tensile stress were measured for each cut of piece. The correlation between the cooling rate and SDAS was found by curved fitting. Moreover, both the solidification time and the temperature were simulated using a commercial package, ZCast. The simulation results for yield strength, tensile strength, elongation, and hardness were compared with experimental results. Using the estimated K and n values, the hardness values of a ship propeller were simulated, and the results were similar to those obtained for actual castings.

• Journal of Magnetics
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.169-172
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• 2011

This study reports an alternative method for measuring the magnetoresistance of unpatterned magnetic tunnel junctions similar to the current-in-plane tunneling (CIPT) method. Instead of using microprobes, a series of point contacts with different spacings are coated on the top surface of the junctions and R-H loops at various spacings are then measured by the usual four-point probe method. The values of magnetoresistance and resistance-area products can be obtained by fitting the measured data to the CIPT theoretical model. The test results of two types of junctions were highly similar to those obtained from standard CIPT tools. The proposed method may help to accelerate the process for evaluating the quality of magnetic tunnel junctions when commercial CIPT tools are not accessible.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제76권5호
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• pp.653-661
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• 2020

The paper presents a study regarding rubber compressibility behavior. The objective is to analyze the effect of compression degree of rubber on its mechanical properties and propose a new methodology based on reverse engineering to predict compressibility degree based on uniaxial stretching test and Finite Element Analysis (FEA). In general, rubbers are considered to be almost incompressible and Poisson's ratio is close to 0.5. Since this property is intimately related to the rubber packing density, little changes in Poisson's ratio can lead to significant changes regarding mechanical behavior. The deviatory hyperelastic constants were obtained through experimental data fitting by least squares method for the most relevant constitutive models implemented in commercial software Abaqus, such as: Neo-Hooke, Mooney-Rivlin, Ogden, Yeoh and Arruda-Boyce, whereas the hydrostatic part was determined through an optimization algorithm implemented in the Abaqus environment by Python scripting. The simulation results presented great influence of the Poisson's ratio in the rubber specimen mechanical behavior mainly for high strain levels. A conventional pure volumetric compression test was also carried out in order to compare the results obtained by the proposed methodology.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.139-152
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• 2021

The main purpose of this study is to fit catch-per-unit-effort (CPUE) data about Korea chub mackerel (Scomber japonicus) stock with a state-space production (SSP) model, and to provide stock assessment results. We chose a surplus production model for the chub mackerel data, namely annual yield and CPUE. Then we employed a state-space layer for a production model to consider two sources of variability arising from unmodelled factors (process error) and noise in the data (observation error). We implemented the model via script software ADMB-RE because it reduces the computational cost of high-dimensional integration and provides Markov Chain Monte Carlo sampling, which is required for Bayesian approaches. To stabilize the numerical optimization, we considered prior distributions for model parameters. Applying the SSP model to data collected from commercial fisheries from 1999 to 2017, we estimated model parameters and management references, as well as uncertainties for the estimates. We also applied various production models and showed parameter estimates and goodness of fit statistics to compare the model performance. This study presents two significant findings. First, we concluded that the stock has been overexploited in terms of harvest rate from 1999 to 2017. Second, we suggest a SSP model for the smallest goodness of fit statistics among several production models, especially for fitting CPUE data with fluctuations.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.403-411
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• 2021

In this study, the reliability of a commercial ER-type corrosion sensor was evaluated under an accelerated corrosion environment to verify its suitability for application in monitoring of ship's seawater piping system. A closed-loop pump piping testbed was designed and constructed to compare the wall thickness reduction of the pipe and the response from the sensor. The sensor was attached inside the pipe near the outlet of the pump that was exposed to a 3.5% NaCl solution with or without copper accelerated acetic acid (CASS). The results demonstrated that the presence of CASS significantly increased the corrosivity of the solution as well as the thickness reduction of the pipe, as expected. On the other hand, the corrosion products formed by the solution with CASS were thicker compared with those without CASS. The sensor response to temperature variation was found to be a clear linear relationship for the solution without CASS but there was a non-linear relationship where CASS was present.

• 한국전산구조공학회논문집
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.207-214
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• 2022

본 연구에서는 유한요소해석 D/B를 기반으로 보간식을 산출하여 개활지 폭발현상에 의해 기둥에 작용하는 폭압이력을 예측하는 모델을 개발했다. D/B 구성을 위해 7종류 기둥 너비에 대해 총 70회의 유한요소해석을 수행했다. 제안하는 방법의 성능확인을 위해, 기존에 제시된 경험식 기반의 예측식과의 비교연구를 수행했다. 또한, D/B를 구성하는 point 외의 영역에서의 예측 정확도 확인을 위해 유한요소해석 결과와의 비교/검증 연구를 추가로 수행했다. 제안하는 방법은 기존의 경험식 기반 예측식에 비해 유한요소해석 결과와 유사한 결과를 산출함을 확인했다.

• 청정기술
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.430-436
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• 2013

본 연구에서는 국내에서 대표적으로 버려지는 폐벌목 중 잣나무에서 만든 활성탄을 이용하여 벤젠에 대한 정지(static)흡착 실험을 수행하였다. 7.999 kPa에 이르는 압력 범위 내에서 온도 조건을 변화시켜 가며 303.15, 318.15, 333.15 K에서 흡착실험을 진행하였다. 등온흡착곡선은 Langmuir 등온흡착식, Freundlich 등온흡착식, Toth 등온흡착식을 적용하여 비교하였다. 벤젠의 흡착량(q)을 측정한 결과 Langmuir 등온흡착식과 Toth 등온흡착식으로 적용한 등온흡착곡선의 정확도가 높은 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 Langmuir 등온흡착식의 $q_{max}$ 값을 이용하여 흡착제의 흡착량을 비교하였다. 또한, 폐벌목 활성탄과 상용활성탄의 세공 발달 여부를 비교하기 위해 주사전자현미경(scanning electron microscopy, SEM) 사진을 관찰하였다. SEM 사진 관찰 결과, 폐벌목 활성탄이 국내 외 상용활성탄(DARCO A.C., SPG-100 A.C.)에 비해 세공발달 정도가 우수하며, 벤젠흡착량(q)이 높은 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 본 연구 결과를 통해 폐벌목 활성탄의 상용화 가능성을 검증할 수 있었다.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제89권4호
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• pp.463-469
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• 2000

이 연구는 다른 수종에 비해 상대적으로 빠른 생장을 보여 상업적으로 중요하게 여겨지는 뉴질랜드 사우스랜드 지역에 조림된 미송(美松) (Pseudotsuga menziesii Mirb. Franco)의 흉고단면적(胸高斷面績) 추정 함수 유도에 관한 것이다. 흉고단면적(胸高斷面績) 함수를 도출하기 위하여 중간 측정 주기의 영구 표본점 데이터가 사용되었고, 대수차분(代數差分) 방정식을 이용하여 흉고단면적(胸高斷面績) 함수식을 유도하였다. 모수(母數) 추정은 SAS의 비선형 루틴에 의하여 수행하였다. 다양한 생장 추정 함수 모델을 적용한 후 잔차를 분석하여 평균제곱오차가 가장 작고 잔차 패턴이 편의가 없는 생장식을 선발하여, 추가 독립변수를 적용하여 모델의 추정 정도를 분석하였다. 그 결과 여러 추정 생장 함수 중 지위지수(地位指數) 및 간벌주기를 독립변수로 포함한 Schumacher 다형곡선(多形曲線) 생장식이 가장 정밀한 추정을 나타내었다. 이 결과로 흉고단면적(胸高斷面績) 생장과 지위지수(地位指數)사이에는 양(+)의 상관관계(相關關係)가 있음을 알 수 있었다. 그리고 정의된 간벌주기는 흉고단면적(胸高斷面績)식의 정도(精度)를 높이는데 유용한 것으로 나타났다.