• 제목/요약/키워드: Commercial complex

검색결과 698건 처리시간 0.023초

Struvite recovery from swine wastewater and its assessment as a fertilizer

  • Ryu, Hong-Duck;Lee, Sang-Ill
    • Environmental Engineering Research
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    • 제21권1호
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    • pp.29-35
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    • 2016
  • This study evaluated the fertilizing value of struvite deposit recovered from swine wastewater in cultivating lettuce. Struvite deposit was compared to complex fertilizer, organic fertilizer and compost to evaluate the fertilizing effect of struvite deposit. Laboratory pot test showed that the struvite deposit better enhanced lettuce growth in comparison to commercial fertilizers. It was revealed that the growth rate of lettuce was simultaneously controlled by phosphorus (P) and magnesium (Mg). Moreover, nutrients such as nitrogen (N), P, K, calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) were abundantly observed in the vegetable tissue of struvite pot. Meanwhile, struvite application led to the lower accumulation of mercury (Hg), lead (Pb), chromium ($Cr^{6+}$) and nickel (Ni). In addition, no detection of cadmium (Cd), arsenic (As) and nickel (Ni) in the lettuce tissue was observed in struvite application pots. The experimental results proved that the optimum struvite dosage for lettuce cultivation was 0.5 g struvite/kg soil. The column experiments clearly showed that ammonia nitrogen was more slowly released from struvite deposit than from complex fertilizer. Consequently, it was concluded that the struvite deposits recovered from swine wastewater were effective as a multi-nutrient fertilizer for lettuce cultivation.

Before Serindia: The Achaemenid Empire Along and Astride the Silk Roads

  • Marco, FERRARIO
    • Acta Via Serica
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    • 제7권2호
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    • pp.133-152
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    • 2022
  • Both in popular perception and specialized literature, the Achaemenid Empire, for over two centuries the most important player from the Aegean to the Indus, is rarely evoked in correlation with the complex of socio-cultural dynamics which shaped the spaces of what has become known as the Silk Road(s). Building on the case study of the Pazyryk carpet on the one hand (King 2021, 353-361, Linduff and Rubinson 2021, 88-97), and of the spread of an artistic motive such as the quatrefoil on the other (Kim 2021), this paper explores the rich and complex nature of the commercial networks that flourished across Central Asia under the aegis of Achaemenid Great Kings. Both archaeological and literary evidence shall be discussed (especially the Aramaic Documents from Ancient Bactria: Naveh and Shaked 2012, and now King 2021, 315-320). If taken together and read against the grain, such material is significant for the following reasons. First, it suggests the existence - and the scale - of commercial activities directly fostered or indirectly promoted by the imperial administration in Central Asia, an area of crucial importance within the Achaemenid domains, but for which our evidence is rather scanty and difficult to assess. Second, it shows how the Achaemenid "Imperial Paradigm" (Henkelman 2017) affected the social and economic landscape of Central Asia even after the demise of the Empire itself, thus considerably shaping the world of the Silk Road(s) a century before the Ancient Sogdian Letters (de la Vaissière 2005, 43-70) or Zhāng Quiān's famous report.

복합용도건축물 내 공공도서관 건립에 관한 연구 - 서울시 공공도서관을 중심으로 - (A Study on the Establishment of a Public Library in Mixed-Use Complex - Focused on Public Libraries in Seoul -)

  • 김영석
    • 한국도서관정보학회지
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    • 제45권3호
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    • pp.395-414
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    • 2014
  • 본 연구는 복합용도건축물 내에 공공도서관을 건립하는 것이 효율적인 공공도서관 인프라 확충 방안의 하나로 인식하였다. 서울에 있는 112개 모든 공립 공공도서관을 대상으로 도서관의 복합화 여부를 현장방문과 전화문의를 통해 조사하였다. 조사 결과 전체 도서관의 약 50%에 해당하는 55개 도서관이 복합건축물형이다. 복합용도건축물 내에 공공도서관을 효율적으로 설치하기 위해서는 도서관의 규모, 위치, 공간구성에 대해서 충분한 고려가 필요하겠다. 그리고 필요하다면 더 많은 상업시설, 학교시설 그리고 관시설과의 복합화가 필요하겠다.

Enhancement of Solubility and Disolution Rate of Poorly Water-soluble Naproxen by Coplexation with $2-Hyldroxypropylo-{\beta}-cyclodextrin$

  • Lee, Beom-Jin;Lee, Jeong-Ran
    • Archives of Pharmacal Research
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    • 제18권1호
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    • pp.22-26
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    • 1995
  • The solubility and dissolution rate of naproxen (NPX) complexed with 2-hydroxypropyl-.betha.-cyc-lodextrin (2-HP.betha.CD) using coprecipitation, evaporation, freeze-drying and kneading method were investigated. Solubility of NPX linearly increased (correlation cefficient, 0.995) as $2-HP\betaCD$ concentraction increased, resutling in $A_l$ type phase solubility curve. Inclusion complexes prepared by four different methods were compared by different methods were compared by dfferential scanning calorimetry(DSC). The NPX showed sharp endothemic peak around $156^{\circ}C$ but inclusion complexes by evaporation, freeze-drying and kneading method showed very broad peak without distinct phase transtion temperature. In contrast, inclusion complex prepared by coprecipitation method resulted in detectable peak around $156^{\circ}C$ which is similar to NPX, suggesting incoplete formation of indusion co plex. Dissolution rate of inclusion complexes prepared by evaporation, frezz-drying and kneding except coprecipitation method was largely enhanced in the simultaed gastric and intestinal fluid when compared to NPX powder and commercial $NA-XEN^\registered$tablet. However, about 65% of NPX in gstric fluid. in case of inclusion complex prepared by coprecipitation method, formation of inclusion complex appeared to be incoplete, resulting in no marked enhancement of dissolution rate. From these findings, inclusion complexes of poorly water-soluble NPX with $2-HP\betaCD$ were useful to increase soubility and dissolution rate, resting in enhancement of bioavailability and minimization of gastrointestinal toxicity of drug upon oral administration of inclusion complex.

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Study on the micro-scale simulation of wind field over complex terrain by RAMS/FLUENT modeling system

  • Li, Lei;Zhang, Li-Jie;Zhang, Ning;Hu, Fei;Jiang, Yin;Xuan, Chun-Yi;Jiang, Wei-Mei
    • Wind and Structures
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    • 제13권6호
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    • pp.519-528
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    • 2010
  • A meteorological model, RAMS, and a commercial computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model, FLUENT are combined as a one-way off-line nested modeling system, namely, RAMS/FLUENT system. The system is experimentally applied in the wind simulation over a complex terrain, with which numerical simulations of wind field over Foyeding weather station located in the northwest mountainous area of Beijing metropolis are performed. The results show that the method of combining a meteorological model and a CFD model as a modeling system is reasonable. In RAMS/FLUENT system, more realistic boundary conditions are provided for FLUENT rather than idealized vertical wind profiles, and the finite volume method (FVM) of FLUENT ensures the capability of the modeling system on describing complex terrain in the simulation. Thus, RAMS/FLUENT can provide fine-scale realistic wind data over complex terrains.

도심 상업지역 이용자 만족도에 미치는 영향요소 분석 -천안역과 종합버스터미널 주변 상업지역을 중심으로- (Influence Factors on User Satisfaction of Commercial Areas in Downtown -focused on commercial areas near Cheonan railway station and central bus terminal-)

  • 정재진;김성길
    • 한국산학기술학회논문지
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    • 제14권10호
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    • pp.5274-5280
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    • 2013
  • 본 연구의 목적은 활성화되어 있는 천안 종합버스터미널 상업지역과 침체된 천안역 상업지역의 도심환경 인식 차이에 대한 분석을 통하여 천안역 상업지역의 이용자 만족도에 영향을 미치는 도심 환경요소를 찾는데 있다. 요인분석을 통하여 도심환경 요소들은 보행환경의 쾌적성, 상업 업무시설이용의 용이성, 도심환경의 쾌적성, 대중교통 접근성, 거리디자인(상징성) 등으로 분류되었다. 천안역 상업지역의 만족도에 상대적으로 크게 영향을 미치는 도심환경요인은 보행환경의 쾌적성과 상업 업무시설이용의 편리성인 2개 요인들인 것으로 분석되었다. 따라서 향후 천안역 상업지역의 활성화를 위한 사업시행 시 보행환경이 쾌적하게 유지될 수 있도록 개선이 필요하며, 상업 업무시설인 은행이나 복합쇼핑몰 등을 효과적으로 배치할 수 있는 방안을 찾을 필요가 있다.

Gelcasting을 이용한 Mullite 세라믹스의 제조 (Fabrication of Complex-shaped mullite Ceamics by Gelcasting)

  • 최연규
    • 한국세라믹학회지
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    • 제36권7호
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    • pp.773-781
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    • 1999
  • A new technique to fabricate complex-shaped mullite has been developed through gelcasting without organic binder. The suspension of a commercial mullite powder and boehmite-SiO2 sol as binder was elecrtrosterically stabilized. Ammonium polymetharylyate was employed as a dispersant for the electrosteric stabilization. Complex-shaped bodies were made through casting and gelation at room temperature. The green bodies were dried at a temperature of 30$^{\circ}C$ and relative humidity of 98% without crack development. The dried bodies were then pressureless-sintered at 1650$^{\circ}C$ for 2 h to get a relative density of 98% The Vickers hardness and 4-point flexural strength of sintered parts were 11.0 GPa and 150MPa respectively which are similar to those of commercially available sintered mullite.

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입체복합개발을 위한 공공 입지여건 분석 (Location Analysis for Public Sector's Development of Mixed-Use Complex)

  • 윤정중;이덕복
    • 토지주택연구
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    • 제3권2호
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    • pp.117-126
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    • 2012
  • 본 연구의 목적은 점차 활성화되고 있는 입체복합개발의 공공 참여를 위한 입지여건을 분석하는 것이며, 이를 통해 앞으로 새로운 도시개발이나 도심재생사업, 역세권개발 등에의 수요에 대응하고 도시의 활성화에도 기여하려는 것이다. 입체복합시설의 개발을 위한 입지특성과 공공의 참여여건을 고려하여 대상범위와 입지여건을 분석한 결과, 입체복합개발에 부합하는 다양한 기능의 수용여부를 고려한 기능복합도의 경우 대규모 도시개발지의 중심상업지역 및 신설역사주변과 기성시가지의 도심이 적합하다고 판단된다. 개발잠재력도 앞의 세 지역과 함께 기성시가지의 역세권 및 도심부적격시설의 이전적지가 높은 것으로 판단된다. 개발규모는 대규모 신규도시개발지의 중심상업지역, 기성시가지의 도심, 부도심, 역세권이 필지, 블록, 지구 등 다양한 규모의 개발이 가능하다. 또한 입체복합개발에 대한 공공의 참여여건 분석결과, 공공부문이 개발하는 대규모 신규도시개발지의 중심상업지역과 도심부적격시설 및 공공기관종전부지 등 이전적지가 적합하게 나타났다. 이는 공공시행자로서 민간과의 협력을 통한 도시의 조기성숙과 개발촉진을 도모하고, 도시부적격시설의 이전과 적지개발사업의 연계를 통한 도시환경개선 및 공공성 제고에도 기여할 수 있을 것이다.

구동계 진동 초기성능 확보를 위한 시스템 단위 개선 연구 (A Research on Securing Initial Performance of Vibration Caused by Driveline)

  • 국종영;유상헌;임동화;이태훈;유승완
    • 한국자동차공학회논문집
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    • 제25권3호
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    • pp.360-366
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    • 2017
  • In commercial vehicles such as frame-based mid-size trucks, it is easy to reduce vibration caused by driveline with the cab mount system. There are no critical driveline vibration problems associated with these vehicles up to now. However, in the case of a similar grade of monocoque type mini-bus, there are no effective vibration isolation components such as a cab mount. Vibration caused by driveline is quite a complex problem to understand in terms of which part governs the phenomenon and how the problem can be solved. Thus, we have to manage the design factor about the driveline and mount system strictly at the early stage of vehicle development. Low frequency vibration caused by the driveline system is investigated in this study. We created the CAE driveline model and analyze low frequency vibration. Then contribution analysis about each design factor of driveline and mount system is performed. Finally, we can obtain the optimized design factor for a driveline system of a mini-bus, which is verified by the vehicle test results.

복합단지영 u-서비스 모델 개발 방법론 (A Development Methodology of the Ubiquitous Service Model for a Mixed-Use Complex in u-City)

  • 박광호;김윤형
    • 경영정보학연구
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    • 제13권1호
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    • pp.13-32
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    • 2011
  • 유비쿼터스 기술의 보급이 본격화됨에 따라 민간 주도적 u-서비스 개발이 활발히 추진되고 있다. 특히 다양한 생활공간으로 구성되어 상호 시너지효과를 목표로 개발되는 복합단지는 차별적인 서비스 제공을 목적으로 유비쿼터스 기술을 적극적으로 활용하고 있다. 본 논문에서는 복합단지에 적용 가능한 u-서비스 개발 방법론을 제시하고자 한다. 복합단지의 u-서비스는 궁극적으로 수익성을 목적으로 하기 때문에 서비스 사용자가 유비쿼터스 기술로 제공되는 서비스로 인해 보다 많은 상거래 행위를 할 수 있도록 해야 한다. 본 논문에서 제시하는 복합단지 u-서비스 모델 개발 방법론은 우선적으로 u-서비스 개발을 위한 다양한 관점을 정의하고 이와 같은 관점들의 교차점에서 구체적인 u-서비스 요소를 도출하는 방법을 사용하고 있다. 다음으로 도출된 u-서비스 요소를 구성하여 u-서비스 풀(pool)을 설계하고 평가를 통해 최종적으로 도입할 u-서비스를 선정하는 과정으로 u-서비스 모델을 개발하고 있다. 제시된 u-서비스 개발 방법론은 복합단지의 u-서비스 풀을 체계적으로 발굴할 수 있는 기반을 제시함으로써 성공적인 복합단지형 u-서비스 구현에 기여할 것으로 기대된다.