• 경영과정보연구
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.27-44
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• 2016

스마트폰 사용이 보편화 되면서, 모바일 인스턴트 메신저(MIM)의 사용 역시 대중화 되고 있다. 최근 MIM 내 그래픽 이모티콘은 사용자들 간 의사소통을 원활하게 하기 위한 도구로서의 역할을 하고 있는 동시에, 기업 입장에서는 이모티콘의 판매가 주요 비즈니스 모델 중 하나로 인식되고 있다. 이렇듯 이모티콘이 하나의 상품으로 MIM 서비스의 주요 비즈니스 모델로 인식, 개발되고 있는 현 시점에서 이모티콘 구매의도에 직접적으로 영향을 미치는 요인들에 대해 탐색한 연구는 매우 드문 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구는 이러한 학문적, 실무적 간극(gap)을 메우고자 이모티콘의 사용동기, 사용태도 및 구매의도에 영향을 미치는 요인들 간 관계에 대해 탐색해보고자 하였다. 본 연구의 실증분석 결과, MIM 내의 이모티콘 사용동기는 크게 이모티콘 사용에 대한 지각된 유용성과 지각된 즐거움으로 구성될 수 있으며, 지각된 유용성과 지각된 즐거움은 이모티콘을 사용한 대화 시, 몰입의 정도와 사회적 영향력에 모두 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 이러한 이모티콘 사용동기와 플로우, 그리고 사회적 영향력은 최종적으로 이모티콘 사용태도에 긍정적 영향을 미쳤으며, 이모티콘 사용태도가 호의적일수록 이모티콘 구매의도도 높게 나타나는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 그러나 플로우(flow)와 사회적 영향력(social influence)은 구매의도에 직접적인 영향을 미치지는 않았다. 본 연구는 아직 그 연구가 활발하게 진행되지 않은 폐쇄형 SNS 내의 상품으로서의 이모티콘에 대한 구매의도와 그 동기 간 관계를 실증적으로 검증했다는 점에서 그 의의가 있다.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.461-468
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• 2001

Impact between fruits and other materials is a major cause of product damage in harvesting and handling systems. The oriental pears are more susceptible to bruising than other fruits such as European pears and apples, and are required more careful handling. The interest in the handling of the pears for the processing systems has raised the question of the allowable drop height to which pears can be dropped without causing objectionable damage. Drop tests on pears were conducted using an impact device developed by authors to estimate the allowable drop height without bruising. The impact device was constructed to hold in a selected orientation and to release a fruit by vacuum for dropping on to a force transducer. The drop height was adjustable for zero to 60 cm to achieve the desired distance between the bottom of the fruits and the top of the impact force transducer. The transducer was secured to 150 kg$\sub$f/ concrete block. The transducer signal was sampled every 0.17 ms with a strain gage measurement board in the micro computer where it was digitaly stored for later analysis. The selected sample fruit was Niitaka cultivar of pears which is one of the most promising fruit for export in Korea. The pears were harvested during the 1998 harvest season from an orchard in Daejeon. The sample fruit was selected from two groups which were stored for 3 months and 5 months respectively by the method of current commercial practice. The pears were allowed to stabilize at environmental condition(18$^{\circ}C$, 65% rh) of the experimental room. One hundred fifty six pears were tested from the heights of 5, 7.5. 10 and 12.5 cm while measurement were made of impact peak force, contact time, time to peak force, dwell time, pear diameter and mass. The bioyield strength and modulus of elasticity were measured using UTM immediately after each drop test. The allowable drop height was estimated on the base of bioyield strength of the pears in two ways. One was assumed the peak force during impact test increasing linearly with time, and the other was based on the actual drop test results. The computer program was developed for measuring the impact characteristics of the pears and analyzing the data obtained in the study. The peak force increased while contact times decreased with increasing drop height and contact times of the sample from the hard tissue group. The allowable drop height increased with increasing bioyield strength and contact times, and also varied with Poisson\`s ratio, mass and equilibrium radius of the pears. The allowable drop height calculated by a theoretical method was in the range from 1 to 4 cm, meanwhile, the estimated drop height considering the result of the impact test was in the range from 1 to 6 cm. Since the physical properties of fruits affected significantly the allowable drop height, the physical properties of the fruits should be considered when estimating the allowable drop height.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.3-10
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• 2017

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Sargassum horneri is an edible brown alga that grows in the subtidal zone as an annual species along the coasts of South Korea, China, and Japan. Recently, an extreme amount of S. horneri moved into the coasts of Jeju Island from the east coast of China, which made huge economic and environmental loss to the Jeju Island. Thus, utilization of this biomass becomes a big issue with the local authorities. Therefore, the present study was performed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory potential of crude polysaccharides (CPs) extracted from S. horneri China strain in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. MATERIALS/METHODS: CPs were precipitated from S. horneri digests prepared by enzyme assistant extraction using four food-grade enzymes (AMG, Celluclast, Viscozyme, and Alcalase). The production levels of nitric oxide (NO) and pro-inflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-${\alpha}$ and interleukin (IL)-$1{\beta}$ were measured by Griess assay and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. The levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), nuclear factor (NF)-${\kappa}B$, and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) were measured by using western blot. The IR spectrums of the CPs were recorded using a fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) spectrometer. RESULTS: The polysaccharides from the Celluclast enzyme digest (CCP) showed the highest inhibition of NO production in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells ($IC_{50}$ value: $95.7{\mu}g/mL$). Also, CCP dose-dependently down-regulated the protein expression levels of iNOS and COX-2 as well as the production of inflammatory cytokines, including TNF-${\alpha}$ and IL-$1{\beta}$, compared to the only LPS-treated cells. In addition, CCP inhibited the activation of NF-${\kappa}B$ p50 and p65 and the phosphorylation of MAPKs, including p38 and extracellular signal-regulated kinase, in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Furthermore, FT-IR analysis showed that the FT-IR spectrum of CCP is similar to that of commercial fucoidan. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that CCP has anti-inflammatory activities and is a potential candidate for the formulation of a functional food ingredient or/and drug to treat inflammatory diseases.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제11권6호
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• pp.470-478
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• 2017

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE: Orostachys japonicus A. Berger (Crassulaceae) has been used in traditional herbal medicines in Korea and other Asian countries to treat various diseases, including liver disorders. In the present study, the anti-fibrotic effects of O. japonicus extract (OJE) in cellular and experimental hepatofibrotic rat models were investigated. MATERIALS/METHODS: An in vitro hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) system was used to estimate cell viability, cell cycle and apoptosis by MTT assay, flow cytometry, and Annexin V-FITC/PI staining techniques, respectively. In addition, thioacetamide (TAA)-induced liver fibrosis was established in Sprague Dawley rats. Briefly, animals were divided into five groups (n = 8): Control, TAA, OJE 10 (TAA with OJE 10 mg/kg), OJE 100 (TAA with OJE 100 mg/kg) and silymarin (TAA with Silymarin 50 mg/kg). Fibrosis was induced by treatment with TAA (200 mg/kg, i.p.) twice per week for 13 weeks, while OJE and silymarin were administered orally two times per week from week 7 to 13. The fibrotic related gene expression serum biomarkers glutathione and hydroxyproline were estimated by RT-PCR and spectrophotometry, respectively, using commercial kits. RESULTS: OJE (0.5 and 0.1 mg/ mL) and silymarin (0.05 mg/mL) treatment significantly (P < 0.01 and P < 0.001) induced apoptosis (16.95% and 27.48% for OJE and 25.87% for silymarin, respectively) in HSC-T6 cells when compared with the control group (9.09%). Further, rat primary HSCs showed changes in morphology in response to OJE 0.1 mg/mL treatment. In in vivo studies, OJE (10 and 100 mg/kg) treatment significantly ameliorated TAA-induced alterations in levels of serum biomarkers, fibrotic related gene expression, glutathione, and hydroxyproline (P < 0.05-P < 0.001) and rescued the histopathological changes. CONCLUSIONS: OJE can be developed as a potential agent for the treatment of hepatofibrosis.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제108권2호
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• pp.189-199
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• 2019

최근 수입 생산을 목표로 한 산림관리에서 생태계 관리를 목표로 하는 산림관리로 패러다임 전환이 진행되고 있으며, 이에 따라 자연 친화력이 높은 천연갱신법이 근래에 들어 주목을 받고 있다. 본 연구는 소나무림을 대상으로 각종 환경인자와 하층식생, 갱신 치수와의 상관관계를 구명하고자 수행하였다. 조사구의 설치는 선상조사법을 이용하여 총 50개소를 설치하였으며, 조사된 자료를 갱신치수량과 밀접한 관계성을 보인 토양습도에 따라 습지(19개소), 건조지(31개소)로 구분하여 분석하였다. 그 결과, 높은 갱신량을 보인 건조지(157,419본/ha)에서는 졸참나무, 초피나무, 청미래덩굴, 칡 등이 주요 종으로 나타났으며, 낮은 갱신량을 보인 습지(57,895본/ha)에서는 국수나무, 밤나무, 조록싸리, 까치수염, 두릅나무, 때죽나무 등이 주요종으로 나타났다. 치수고와 근원경 발달의 분석결과 습지가 건조지에 비해 생장속도가 빨랐으며, 근원경 대비 수고 생장속도는 건조지가 습지에 비해 빠른 것으로 나타났다. 습지에서 갱신치수는 발아한 후 5년이 경과했을 때 급격한 생장량을 나타내는 것으로 확인되었다. 이는 갱신 치수가 주변 식생과의 경쟁 등 생육환경에 적응할 수 있는 능력을 갖추게 되면 급격한 생장을 이루는 것으로 판단되므로, 습한 지역에서의 천연갱신 시업 초기에는 건조한 지역에 비하여 풀베기 작업 등의 관리를 보다 집약적으로 수행하여야 할 것으로 판단되었다.

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.39-57
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• 2021

Purpose - This research uses ocean marine insurance (OMI) statistics, international emails, focus-group interviews, and surveys to fill the gap between the theory of behavioral insurance, particularly status quo bias (SQB), and the practice of OMI in Korea. The contractual forms of OMI, the oldest and most globalized form of commercial insurance, were developed in the UK as the Institute Cargo Clauses in 1906 and revised in 1963, 1982, and 2009. SQB has been academically explored, mostly in health insurance and the financial services sector, but never in OMI. Thanks to the availability of OMI statistics in Korea, we can conduct SQB research here for the first time in this field. Design/methodology - We show the existence of SQB in the OMI of Korea through Korean statistics between 2009 and 2018, email correspondence with experts in the UK, Germany, and Japan, focus-group interviews with Korean OMI underwriters, an in-depth interview with one underwriter, and a survey of 15 OMI insureds (company representatives). Findings - We find that Korean foreign traders rely on the old-type OMI contracts developed in 1963, whereas other industrialized countries use the newest type of OMI contract developed in 2009. With a simple loss ratio analysis during 2009-2018, we show that the behavior of insurers has little to do with rational profit maximization and is instead driven by irrational bias, as they forgo the more profitable contracts provided by the new clauses by keeping the old clauses. The consistent addiction to old types of contracts in the OMI market suggests strong SQB among Korean exporters, importers, bankers, or insurers, which we confirmed in our interviews and survey. Originality/value - This research has significant originality and academic value because it reports new findings with crucial implications for the development of efficient trade practices and policy. First, this research is based on actual statistics that have not been used in previous Korean research on OMI. Second, this research shows that all-risk OMI policies provide more value to insureds, in terms of coverage given premium, than partial coverage policies, which differs from arguments previously made in Korea. Third, this research reveals strong SQB in Korea, where foreign trade plays a pivotal role in economic growth. That bias could be attributable to uninformed traders, informed but idle insurers, or conservative bankers. Fourth, to further develop foreign trade, policy initiatives are needed to review the current practices of OMI contracts and move forward with the new contract forms. All of these findings and arguments are both new and important.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.54-65
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• 2021

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to develop healthy, appetizing high-protein snacks with enhanced isolated soy protein for diabetic patients and determine the blood glucose and insulin response after being consumed by these patients. MATERIALS/METHODS: Thirty adult patients aged between 30 and 75 years, with a ≤ 10-year history of type 2 diabetes and hemoglobin A1c of < 7.5%, were enrolled in this study. They made 3 clinical visits at one-week intervals. The control group consumed 50 g carbohydrates (white bread), whereas the test groups consumed high-protein grain (HP_G) or high-protein chocolate (HP_C) after an 8-hrs fast. Blood (2 ㎤) was drawn at 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, and 120 min before and after consumption to analyze the blood glucose and insulin concentrations. RESULTS: Compared to the commercial snacks, the developed high-protein snacks had below-average calorie, carbohydrate, and fat content and a 2.5-fold higher protein content. In diabetic patients who consumed these snacks, the postprandial blood glucose increased between 15 min and 2 h after consumption, which was significantly slower than the time taken for the blood glucose to increase in the patients who consumed the control food product (P < 0.001). Insulin secretion was significantly lower at 45 min after consumption (P < 0.05), showing that the high-protein snacks did not increase the blood glucose levels rapidly. The incremental area under the curve (iAUC), which indicated the degree of blood sugar and insulin elevation after food intake, was higher in the control group than the groups given the 2 developed snacks (P < 0.001), and there was no significant difference in insulin secretion. CONCLUSIONS: The results of the postprandial blood glucose and insulin response suggest that high-protein snacks are potential convenient sources of high-quality protein and serve as a healthier alternative for patients with type 2 diabetes, who may have limited snack product choices. Such snacks may also provide balanced nutrition to pre-diabetic and obese individuals.

• 융합신호처리학회논문지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.61-66
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• 2020

최근 치과 시술을 위한 국소마취 시 시술자의 피로감을 줄이고 수동 마취기의 단점을 보완한 다양한 전동형 마취액 주입기가 개발되어 임상에서 사용되고 있다. 이러한 전동형 마취액 주입기기에서는 약물 주입을 위한 압력을 정확하고 일정하게 전달하는 것이 매우 중요한 성능 요소이다. 이러한 전달 압력의 정확성을 평가하기 위하여 로드셀을 이용한 소형의 압력계가 많이 사용되는데, 로드셀 내부의 탄성체가 충분한 변위를 수용할 수 없는 경우가 있어 압력 성능 평가 시 오차를 발생시킬 수도 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 로드셀 방식의 압력측정기를 이용하여 압력 제어형 압력 인가 장치의 성능을 평가할 때 사용 가능한 비교적 큰 변위 수용이 가능한 실리콘-크롬강(Si-Cr강) 스프링 지그를 제안하였으며 유효성을 평가하였다. 제안된 스프링 지그의 압력 전달률과 상용의 치과용 마취액 주입장치를 이용한 반복 측정 결과, 스프링 지그 사용 시 보다 안정적인 결과를 얻을 수 있었으며, 비정상적으로 높게 측정되는 빈도가 줄어드는 것을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 아태비즈니스연구
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.135-149
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• 2021

Purpose - I analyzes risk-to-performance evaluated in the market using data from sale and lease back. Specifically, I analyze from the perspective of financial institutions that purchase sale and lease back based on the cases of investment by ship investment companies and acquisition of ships. Design/methodology/approach - I use 49 sale and lease back data from 2017 to 2019 for empirical analysis. Findings - The main results of this paper are as follows. First, after sale and lease back of domestic ships, the average amount of sales by the leased shipping company is 25.1 billion won, the average amount of investment by the purchased financial institution is 14.6 billion won (60%) and the average length of the ship is nine years. In ship finance, sale and lease back is deemed to be appropriately used as a means of restructuring for a large amount of money. Second, the main risk factor for sale and lease back of domestic ships is credit risk and can be measured in VaR in practice. As a result of the empirical analysis, the average credit risk burden ratio is 9%. As a major risk factor, low creditworthiness of restructuring companies is the key. Third, as a result of measuring the profitability of financial institutions that purchase sale and lease back of domestic ships at a net current price, it has an average value of 300 million won, but the deviation by case is very large. Fourth, the risk adjusted performance of sale and lease back of domestic ships is 0.54 on average compared to the total risk capital, and 0.52 compared to the stock-risk capital, and as with profitability earlier, the deviation of each case is very large and misaligned. In order to boost the sale and lease back market for large and long-term assets, in order to overcome low profitability as a prerequisite for future participation of commercial purchased financial institutions, it is expected that purchase decisions based on expectations versus risk will be necessary. Research implications or Originality - The results of this paper are expected to broaden the understanding of sale and lease back and foster the ability to assess long-term risk and performance. Based on this, it is believed that rapid restructuring of companies through sale and lease back of large amounts of long-term assets will greatly increase the utility of the domestic financial market.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.36-43
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• 2022

본 연구는 동아시아 특산식물 애기닥나무의 자원식물로서 활용을 위한 대량증식법 개발을 위해 실시하였다. 종자의 발아특성을 알아보기 위해 광·온도조건, GA₃ 처리, 저온층적처리를 실시하였다. 온도조건 실험에서 4, 15/6, 20/10, 25/15℃에서 발아율은 각각 0, 42.5, 44.4, 91.7%였다. 따라서 애기닥나무 종자의 발아 최적온도는 25/15℃였다. 온도조건에 따라 발아가 제한되었지만, GA₃ 처리를 통해 상대적으로 낮은 온도조건에서도 발아율을 높일 수 있었다. 저온층적처리를 통해 발아소요일수를 단축할 수 있었으며. 이를 통해 애기닥나무 종자를 conditional dormancy 유형으로 분류하였다. 본 연구결과를 통하여 적정 발아 온도조건은 25/15℃이며, 상대적으로 낮은 온도조건에서도 GA₃처리로 종자기반 대량증식이 가능하며, 향후 산업적인 활용에 도움이 될 것이라 판단된다.