• Wind and Structures
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.213-233
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• 2005

Wind uplift rating of roofing systems is based on standardized test methods. Roof specimens are placed in an apparatus with a specified table size (length and width) then subjected to the required wind load cycle. Currently, there is no consensus on the table size to be used by these testing protocols in spite of the fact that the table size plays a significant role in wind uplift performance. Part I of this paper presented a study with the objective to investigate the impact of table size on the performance of roofing systems. To achieve this purpose, extensive numerical experiments using the finite element method have been conducted and benchmarked with results obtained from the experimental work. The present contribution is a continuation of the previous research and can be divided into two parts: (1) Undertake additional numerical simulations for wider membranes that were not addressed in the previous works. Due to the advancement in membrane technology, wider membranes are now available in the market and are used in commercial roofing practice as it reduces installation cost and (2) Formulate a logical step to combine and generalize over 400 numerical tests and experiments on various roofing configurations and develop correction factors such that it can be of practical use to determine the wind uplift resistance of roofs.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.90-95
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• 2007

Cathodic protection technology has been widely used on ship's outer hull and inner side of ballast water tanks as a supplementary corrosion protection measure in combination with protective organic coatings. Impressed current cathodic protection system is typically opted for the ship's hull and, sacrificial anode system, for ballast water tanks. The anticipation and interest in cathodic protection system for ships has been surprisingly low-eyed to date in comparison with protective coatings. Computational analysis for the verification of cathodic protection design has been tried sometimes for offshore marine structures, however, in commercial shipbuilding section, decades old design practice is still applied, and no systematic or analytical verification work has been done for that. In this respect, over-rotection from un-erified initial design protocol has been also concerned by several experts. Especially, it was frequently reported in sacrificial anode system that even after full design life time, anode was remaining nearly intact. Another issue for impressed current system, for example, is that the anode shield area design for ship's outer hull should be compromised with actual application situation, because the state-of-the-art design equation is quite impractical from the applicator's stand. Besides that, in this study, some other critical design issues for sacrificial anode and impressed current cathodic protection system were discussed.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2010년도 춘계 학술발표회
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• pp.1194-1199
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• 2010

Systematic finite element analyses on consolidation were performed with various drainage conditions. Numerical analyses were performed using SAGE CRISP2D, a commercial numerical analysis program for the conventional geotechnical engineering practice. For the input properties of the numerical analyses, incremental loading oedometer tests were performed on reconstituted kaolinite samples. Numerical analyses were performed with various drainage conditions such as vertical, radially inward and outward drainage conditions. For the case of radially inward drainage conditions, a series of numerical analyses were performed with varying the diameter of vertical drains. As a result, the lateral deformation and void ratio variation occurred during consolidation for the radially inward or outward drainage conditions. And the variations of the lateral deformation and void ratio did not fully disappear even after the completion of the consolidation and induced the spatial variations of the soil properties. Keywords : finite element analysis of consolidation, various drainage conditions, lateral deformation, spatial variation of soil properties.

• International Journal of Ocean System Engineering
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.32-36
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• 2012

This paper presents a comparison of potential and viscous computational codes for the water entry problem. A po-tential code was developed which adopted the boundary element method to solve the problem. A nonlinear free surface boundary condition was integrated to find new locations of free surface. The dynamic boundary condition was simplified by taking constant potential values for every time steps. The simplified dynamic boundary condition was applied in the new position of the free surface not at the mean level, which is the usual practice for linearized theory. The commercial code FLUENT was used to solve the water entry problem from the viscosity point of view. The movement of the air-liquid interface is traced by distribution of the volume fraction of water in a computational cell. The pressure coefficients were compared with each other, while experimental results published by other researchers were also examined. The characteristics of each method were discussed to clarify merits and limitations when they were applied to the water entry problems.

• 통상정보연구
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.149-168
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• 2007

e-Trade Payment system has been transformed by quickly and effectively. The e-trade Payment system such as TradeCard System, Bolero Surf, Identrus Eleanor and e-Escrow and e-letter of Credit issued by SWIFT System enable partly sellers, buyers and service providers. This paper studies for SWIFT, Surf, TradeCard, Eleanor, e-Escrow as international trade payment, As reason following : The First, Bolero is a neutral secure platform enabling paperless trading between exporter, importer, and their logistics service and bank partners, insurance company. The Second, TradeCard is to manage procurement-to-payment worldwide, that is exporter, importer and connected partners, paperless platform. The Third, Identrus is the global leader in trusted identity solutions, recognized by global financial institutions, commercial organizations and bank partners around the world. The Forth, Escrow payment have effect to L/C issue and enter into electronic contracts in internet bank. Trader practice use Escrow Bank as the same bank that rules to Issuing Bank and Advising Bank and payment, acceptance. This paper of these electronic payment have studies new international trade payment to approach such as eUCP rules and TradeCard System, Surf of bolero, eleanor of Identrus, SWIFT.

• 한국음향학회지
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.51-58
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• 1994

인간과 기계의 가장 자연스러운 의사소통의 형태인 음성을 통한 인터페이스를 위하여 여러가지 음성합성, 인식기법들이 제안되고 실용화되고 있다. 특히 음성합성의 경우는 실용화가 상당히 이루어지고 있음에도 불구하고 평가기법에 관하여는 아직도 초보적인 단계에 머물고 있다. 본 논문에서는 무의미 단어에 의한 합성음 평가법에 사용할 수 있는 다음절 무의미 단어군 작성법을 제안하고 실제로 구현되어 있는 규칙합성기를 제안된 단어군에 의해 평가한 사례를 소개하고자 한다. 제안된 단어군 작성방식은 음소단위 명료도 및 음소환경에 관한 평가를 행할 경우 유용하게 사용될 수 있다.

• 한국중재학회지:중재연구
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.113-133
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• 2015

This article reviews some recent decisions of the Supreme People's Court (SPC) of the People's Republic of China (PRC) on the recognition and enforcement of several South Korean arbitral awards. It explains the implementation of the New York Convention in the PRC and in particular the so-called Report System under the current Mainland Chinese law and judicial practice. It identifies some deficiencies in the People's Courts' approaches to the application and interpretation of the New York Convention and argues that the Mainland Chinese courts should adopt the pro-enforcement principle in the determination of the relevant issues under the New York Convention. It proposes further enhancement of the Report System and that the current categorization of 'domestic, foreign-related and foreign' in the context of arbitration agreements and arbitral awards needs to be further reviewed and clarified by the SPC. Last but not the least, it recommends some steps that South Korean parties should take to enhance the enforceability of South Korean Arbitral Awards in Mainland China.

• 한국지반공학회지:지반
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.83-102
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• 1994

주로 매립 지역에 적용되는 선행재하 공법은 가장 널리 사용되고 있는 지반개량 공법 중의 하나로서, 복잡다단한 설계과정을 포함하고 있는데, 특히 모래말뚝 공법파 같은 배수 공법이 병용될 때는 더욱 더 복잡해진다. 그러나 이와같이 복잡한 설계 과정도 일단 전문가 시스템화해 놓으면 사용자가 쉽게 설계할 수 있다. 전문가 시스템은 상업적 실용화에 성공한 대화식 컴퓨터 프로그램으로 최근 몇년사이에 지반 공학적 문제들에도 응용되기 시작한 새로운 CAE(computer aided engineering)분야 중의 하나이다. 이 논문에서는 배수 공법을 포함하는 선행재하 공법에 관한 지식베이스를 구축하여 공학자와 관련 기술자들에게 실질적인 도움을 주는 시스템을 개발하였다. 이 연구에서 전문가 시스템은 ClIPS를 사용하여 구축하였으며, Workstation환경에서 개발되었다.

• 한국조명전기설비학회지:조명전기설비
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• 제10권5호
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• pp.52-56
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• 1996

형광 램프는 에너지 효율이 높아 상업용 조명설비에 많이 사용된다. 형광램프 시스템의 설계에서 안정기의 설계는 형광 램프의 특성을 고려하는 것이 매우 중요하다. 특히, 시동시 형광램프의 과도특성은 안정기 설계시 좀더 많은 설계사양들을 제공하게 된다. 이 논문에서는 시동시 과도특성에 근거한 형광램프의 동작모델을 동기화로 나타냈다. 이 모델은 제조사가 다른 형광 램프에도 폭 넓게 적용이 가능하다. 실험에 의해 얻어진 결과를 동기회로 모델에 의한 Pspice 시뮬레이션에 의해 나타난 결과와 비교 한 결과, 본 논문에서 제시한 모델이 실질적으로 효용성이 있음을 나타냈으며, 자기식 안정기 및 전기식안정기의 설계시 형광램프의 시동과도특성에 의한 안정기 조건 설계들을 더욱 명확하게 알아낼 수 있었다.

• 무역상무연구
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• 제13권
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• pp.43-68
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• 2000

Incoterms mean the ICC official rules for the interpretation of trade terms which facilitate the conduct of international trade. Thus, the uncertainties of different interpretations of such terms in different countries can be avoided or at least reduced to a considerable degree. Nevertheless, Incoterms has been revised successively to adapt them to contemporary commercial practice. In particularly, substantive changes in Incoterms 2000 have been made in two areas: (i) the customs clearance under FAS and DEQ; and (ii) the loading and unloading obligations under FCA. But it should be stressed that the scope of Incoterms is limited to the contract of sale and not apply to the contracts of carriage, insurance and financing. Moreover, merchants wishing to use Incoterms 2000 should clearly specify that their contract is governed by 'Incoterms 2000'. It is particularly important to note that Incoterms are not dealt with a great number of problems, such as transfer of property rights, breaches of contract and exemptions from liability. Therefore, the contracting parties should clearly agree to the applicable law related their contract of sale, like the 1980 United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods.