• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.345-354
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• 1995

Blenderized diets are not recommended because of difficulties in providing a constant content of nutrients, phoblems with viscosity and osmolarity, time needed for preparation, and increased risk of contamination. To determine the possibility of substituting commercial formulas for blenderized diets, 27 unconscious patients were randomized into two different groups : blenderized diet group(n=11) and commercial formula group(n=16). Blenderized diets were composed of food sources such as rice, milk, egg, juices and others, and its energy percentage of protein, fat, and carbohydrate was 15%, 30%, and 55%, respetively. Commercial enteral formulas provided 1 kcal/ml and the energy percentage of protein, fat and carbohydrate was 25%, 20% and 55% in greenbia(G) and 20%, 20%, and 60% in Greenbia-DM(GD), repectively. In commercial formula group, five patients with diarrhea, constipation, and high blood glucose level received GD, and the other eleven patients received G. All patients received their lipuid diet for 4 weeks through 16 French rubber nasogastric tube by bolus feeding 6 times daily. The patients in commercial formula group had a similar mean daily calorie intake to the patient in blenderized diet group, 32-34kcal/kg/d and 30-35kcal/kg/d, respectively. Patients given commercial formula gained an averge of 1.7kg in weight but those given blenderized diet lost an average of 2.6kg. There was a trend toward an increase in percent ideal body weight in commercial formula group(94$\pm$5 vs 99$\pm$6%). However, blenderized diet group showed a trend toward a decrease in percent ideal body weight(106$\pm$5 vs $101\pm$6%). The initial levels of total lymphocyte counts, serum albumin and tranferrin were below the normal rante, The mean daily protein intake was significanlty higher for commercial formula group(2.0-2.1g/kg/d) than for blenderized diet group(1.1-1.3g/kg/d). Patient fed cormmercial formula for 4 weeks showed a trend toward an increase in serum albumin(8.1%) and a significant increase in serum transferrin(32.1%) without increasing the levels of blood glucose. GOT, GPT, blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine. In the blenderized diet group, however, no significant improvement were obseved in the concentration of serum albumin and transferin, compared to initial value. There was a trend toward a decrese in the level of hemoglobin and hematocrit in blenderized deit group but no significnat change in commercial formulas goups. All patients tolerated both diets well and no significant complications were encountered. The results indicate that the commercial enteral formulas tested in this study can be an effective substitution for blenderized diet in unconscious tube-fed patients.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.1896-1902
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• 2013

As a concept that commercial parts are applied to weapon systems, Commercial Off-The-Shelf(COTS) was not well-received at a time when defense technology led commercial technology. However, the exponential growth of IT and the rapid expansion of commercial industry have made possible to make the cost low through mass production system within a short period, and the benefit of cost and schedule has been highlighted, triggering commercial parts to be applied to weapon systems. In order for commercial technology to be used in defense weapon systems, its performance in an extremely restricted condition of combat environment should be guaranteed. Generally, commercial parts have fundamental limitation in that the design and production requirements for commercial parts are different from those for the military. Therefore, it is required to confirm that commercial parts can be used for weapon systems through the approach of system engineering. This study presents the process tailored to characteristics of marine defense system and the method of analyzing its restricted condition in order to apply COTS to marine defense system. The study classifies the restricted conditions into general and special environments, suggests detailed process, and suggests useful tools to select appropriate items adapted to these restricted conditions in the commercial market. Lastly, as a case study for COTS applied to marine defense system, the study finds out the analysis results of application of COTS and restricted conditions of the warship electric system.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.61-67
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• 2010

The bivoltine tropical tasar ecoraces of Antheraea mylitta Drury produces cocoons for seed production under seed crop rearing (July-August with $22{\sim}30^{\circ}C$ temperature and 50~70% relative humidity) and for silk production under commercial crop rearing (September-December with $17{\sim}27^{\circ}C$ temperature and 60~80% relative humidity). To consider the impact of hybrid vigour on egg, larva, cocoon and silk related commercial traits, the $F_1$ hybrids made among Daba, Jata and Raily ecoraces were assessed successively for three years. The hybrid vigour in the $F_1$ hybrid of Daba$\times$Jata ($T_7$) was positive for egg fertility (+23.1%), shell weight (+25.6%), silk yield (+79.0%) and filament length (+68.1%), with filament of high denier (11.98d) and reduced larval span (-7.1%). The Jata$\times$Daba ($T_8$) hybrid has shown negative heterosis in egg fertility (-8.0%) compared to the other F1 hybrids, Daba$\times$Raily ($T_9$) and Raily$\times$Daba ($T_{10}$), when they rise simultaneously during the commercial crop season. The better performance of parental ecoraces ($T_4$ to $T_6$) in their commercial traits during commercial crop over parents of seed crop ($T_1$ to $T_3$) and the superior performance of $F_1$ hybrids ($T_7$ to $T_{10}$) over parents of commercial crop ($T_4$ to $T_6$) during commercial crop season indicates the apparent hybrid vigour in tasar $F_1$ hybrids. As the Daba$\times$Jata ($T_7$) and Jata$\times$Daba ($T_8$) $F_1$ hybrids have shown highest hybrid vigour, their rearing during commercial crop can optimize the silk productivity and commercial sustenance of the tasar silk industry.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.139-147
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• 2011

Objectives : In this research, relatively the characteristic in the combustion according to the brands of the commercial indirect moxibustion is compared and the commercial indirect moxibustion is standardized and this result tries to be provided as necessary basic data. Methods : After adhering to the agarose gel surface in which the thermocouple is inserted, 6 kinds of commercial indirect moxibustion were burnt off and the burning behaviour of the commercial indirect device and heat quantity of stimulus was compared. Results : 1. The form of combustion did not have a difference in 6 kinds of commercial indirect moxibustion combustion. 2. As to the miximum temperature, 'Seoam' and 'Dongbang' was higher than 'Baekryoung' and 'Taeyang'. 3. It was long so that the highest temperature reaching time of 'Seoam' could note in comparison with the other brands. And the highest temperature reaching time of 'Baekryoung' was short to note in comparison with the other brands. 4. As to the quantity of heat stimulus, 'Seoam' was the biggest and 'Baekryoung' was the smallest. 5. The quantity of heat stimulus of 'Dongbang' was the most stable. Conclusions : In this research, relatively the form of combustion of 6 kinds of commercial indirect moxibustion and heat quantity of stimulus were compared. It desires to anticipate the result that it makes the skin.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.183-189
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• 1998

Consumption and general views of housewives in Inchon on commercial kochujang(fermented red pepper-soy paste) were surveyed by questionnaires in June through August, 1997. Respondents considered the taste (88.1%) as the most important factors to determine the quality of kochujang and preferred hot(621%) and bright red colored kochujang(70.6%) with fine red pepper powder Eighty seven percent of respondents preferred the traditional kochujang to the commercial one mainly due to the taste and the reliability to the materials kochujang. Especially all housewives at the age of sixty and over preferred traditional kochujang and those at twenties had a higher preferrence for the commercial one compared to other age groups. While 51.4% of the respondents consumed both e traditional and commercial kochujang, 16.2% and 32.5% did only commercial and traditional kochujang, respectively. Consumption of commercial kochujang decreased with age and main food with it was pan fried dishes(33.7%). Convenience(76.6%) was the major reason for purchasing commercial fried and most respondents(44.1%) selected the special brand from the previous experience of their own. Problems to be improved in commercial kochujang were better taste(31.3%) and development of diverse usage(62.4%).

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.48 no.5
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• pp.614-620
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• 2015

The objective of this study was to investigate sensory and lipid characterizations of boiled-dried Pacific herring Clupea pallasii (PH) as a substitute for boiled-dried anchovies (A). The crude lipid content of commercial boiled-dried PH ranged from 1.3 to 5.1%, which was similar to that of commercial boiled-dried A (2.2-5.1%). The peroxide values (POVs) of commercial boiled-dried PH ranged from 20.5 to 129.1 meq/kg. The POVs of commercial boiled-dried PH suggest that boiled-dried PA of high quality should be controlled by a POV standard similar to that of boiled-dried A. The trichloroacetic acid soluble-nitrogen (TCA soluble-N) content of commercial boiled-dried PH ranged from 495.7 to 998.6 mg/100 g, which was high compared to that of commercial boiled-dried A (372.6-690.0 mg/100 g). Volatile basic nitrogen (VBN) content of commercial boiled-dried PH ranged from 8.4 to 28.1 mg/100 g, which was low compared to that of commercial boiled-dried A (16.8-33.0 mg/100 g). Results from the lipid, POV, TCA-soluble-N, and VBN content analyses suggest that boiled-dried PH could be used as a substitute for boiled-dried A.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.23-30
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• 2019

Automobiles are largely divided into passenger cars with less than five passengers and commercial vehicles such as construction machines, trucks, mixers, special lorries, and large buses. Automobile maintenance companies are also divided into passenger cars and commercial vehicles. Because commercial vehicles are the livelihood vehicles of individual carriers engaged in cargo transportation, passenger transportation, and construction, fast and accurate maintenance is important. Access to the expressway is also important because the car is large and uses highways. In addition, the time required for troubleshooting is long, so sufficient space must be secured for parking the vehicle, and ease of entry and exit of the vehicle in the maintenance shop should be fully considered. For this reason, commercial vehicle maintenance companies have higher initial investment costs than car maintenance companies, and it is difficult to supply and maintain maintenance personnel. Therefore, it is necessary to carefully examine and analyze various related factors for successful commercial vehicle maintenance company selection. However, most existing commercial vehicle maintenance companies often choose their location based on the empirical judgment of the founder, the customs and the case, without a clear analysis. In this study, we show how to derive the location selection factors to be considered when establishing professional maintenance company for commercial vehicles and to select the optimal location by using AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process) method.

• Journal of Arbitration Studies
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.259-277
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• 2011

In 2008, North Korea revised its Foreign Economic Arbitration Act. To some extent, the new Act reflected such international standard of arbitration as UNCITRAL Arbitration Rules. In this paper, the said Act will be evaluated, and then cooperation ways of South-North Korea on Inter-Korean Commercial Arbitration will be suggested. In 2007, the Ministry of Unification has designated the Korean Commercial Arbitration Board as Inter-Korean Arbitration Committee and has made efforts to prepare follow-up measures on the two Agreements of Inter-Korean Commercial Arbitration. In 2008 however, the follow-up measures has in fact been suspended. In order to revitalize the Inter-Korean commercial arbitration, some prerequisites must be satisfied. First, Inter-Korean Arbitration Committee for Inter-Korean commercial arbitration should re-open as soon as possible. Second, as North Korea recently shows interest in joining the New York Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards(now so called New York Convention), Governmental Authority of Rep. of Korea should also actively assist and support their joining in New York Convention. Third, both Korean governments should carry out joint study on raising the efficiency of the arbitration system which they will use. Fourth, comparative study on arbitration systems used in both countries should be conducted. Also, it may is very timely to discuss the issue in international arbitration community such as "North-East Asia International Arbitration Conference" or other similar events. In conclusion, continuous study on prevention of commercial disputes between South-North Korea and ways to resolve disputes when they arise should be conducted.

• Journal of Arbitration Studies
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.55-77
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• 2008

The purpose of this paper is to make a research on the administration and practical problems of the arbitral organization called "uth-North Commercial Arbitration Commission". The Arbitration Commission shall be set up under the South-North Agreements officially called "reement on Settlement Procedure of Commercial Dispute" and "reement on Organization and Administration of the South-North Arbitration Commission" between the South and the North of Korea. A variety means of dispute settlement including friendly consultations, conciliation and arbitration called Alternative Dispute Resolution(ADR) will be used frequently and institutionally to settle commercial disputes and conflicts arising from economic transactions between the South and the North of Korea. Under the circumstances, it is becoming a problem of vital importance how to operate the Arbitration Commission for the prompt and effective settlement of the South-North commercial disputes. First of all, the South and the North of Korea should recognize the availability of prompt and effective means of dispute resolution such as arbitration and conciliation to be made by the Arbitration Commission would promote the orderly growth and encouragement of th South-North trade and investment, for which the following measures should be taken as soon as possible : 1. Enactment of the South-North Arbitration Rules. 2. Designation of the arbitral institution by North-Korean side. In this connection, the Korean Commercial Arbitration Board(KCAB) was already designated officially as the arbitral organization of South Korean side as of April 17, 2007. 3. Arbitration shall be held in the place where the respondent has his domicile, in case that both parties fail to agree as to the place of arbitration. 4. Permission of a third country arbitration in case that both parties agree to do so. 5. To become a member country of international arbitration agreements including the New York Convention.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.48 no.6
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• pp.857-863
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• 2015

This study characterized the nutrition and taste of commercial salted semi-dried brown croaker Miichthys miiuy (SSD-BC). The mean crude protein content of the commercial SSD-BC was $19.8{\pm}1.7%$ (range, 17.7-23.2%), and the mean crude lipid content was $0.6{\pm}0.3%$ (range, 0.3-1.1%). The total amino acid content ranged from 17.08 to 18.56 g/100 g, except for sample code 5, which was 22.24 mg/100 g and differed significantly from the other samples. The major amino acids in the commercial SSD-BC were aspartic acid, glutamic acid, leucine, and lysine. In the commercial SSD-BC, the calcium ranged from 11.1-21.4 mg/100 g, phosphorus from 148.4-209.2 mg/100 g, and magnesium from 12.2-48.2 mg/100 g. Monoenoic acid (37.1-40.3%) was the most common fatty acid, followed by saturated acid (33.9-36.3%) and polyenoic acid (25.1-29.2%). The prominent fatty acids in the commercial SSD-BC were 16:0 (23.9-26.5%), 16:1n-7 (11.3-13.0%), 18:1n-9 (19.7-21.5%), and 22:6n-3 (6.9-10.7%). The mean trichloroacetic acidsoluble nitrogen content was 248.1 (range, 137.2-334.2) mg/100 g. The evaluation demonstrated that the commercial SSD-BC is rich in nutrition and taste.