• International Journal of Highway Engineering
• /
• v.16 no.5
• /
• pp.155-164
• /
• 2014

PURPOSES : The purpose of this article is to compare and evaluate the riding comfort of a passenger in tunnels depending on different surface textures of concrete pavement. METHODS : Evaluation of riding comfort is conducted at 17 sections, which have different surface texture such as transverse tinned(TT), longitudinal tinned(LT) and diamond grinded(DG). A triaxial accelerometer was set up on the passenger seat surface of the test vehicle to measure vibrations of an occupant, then the effects of vibration on comfort and health were evaluated by ISO 2631. And microphones were installed at passenger's ears height to measure sound pressure level(SPL) in the test vehicle. Additionally, a surface microphone was installed on the inside of wheel arch to evaluate noise between tire and pavement by NCPX method. All tests were conducted cruising at 100km/h. RESULTS : The results of all tests are as follows. First, both vibration magnitudes for comfort and for health in LT and DG sections are almost same and they represent lower than those in TT sections. Second, the average SPL of DG shows the lowest decibels among them. And third, it is founded that interior noise is significantly affected by noise between tire and pavement. CONCLUSIONS : It may be concluded that DG can provide more excellent riding comfort to passenger than LT or TT. Therefore, it is necessary to consider applying DG to existing pavement surface to improve surface condition when the driving environment especially requires riding comfort like a long tunnel.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
• /
• v.30 no.2
• /
• pp.81-86
• /
• 1992

The purpose of this study was to investigate the psychophysical correponding to temperature and to establish the comfort zone of thermal environment for Korean in winter. An experimental investigation was carried out in climate chamber maintaining the air temperature at 20, 22, 24, 26℃ and subjects were 128 college-age Korean(64 males and 64 females) in good health. Data were analyzed by SPSS PC＋ packages. 'Neutral' on the thermal sensation ratings was most frequently indicated at 24℃ by subjects was 23.1℃ (male 24.0℃, female 22.7℃), therefore the comfort zone of thermal environment in winter was considered as 23∼24℃.

• Proceedings of the SAREK Conference
• /
• 2007.11a
• /
• pp.23-28
• /
• 2007

In most existing research, it is difficult to evaluate thermal comfort exactly because of reflecting individual ideal or psychological response by subjective questions. Physiological variable was selected in this study to evaluate objectively thermal comfort. MST was appeared very sensitively in indoor temperature and can express correctly thermal comfort of human body. The results of CSV are different each individual feeling sensation, so is difficult to evaluate detailedly thermal comfort unlike TSV. But the results of PP, AIx, ED, SEVR are greatly related to temperature change. So thermal comfort is evaluated more objectively by using PP, AIx, ED, SEVR on behalf of TSV, CSV. Human body was presented physiological feedback by temperature impetus and specially, tendency of heart rate agree with temperature change. Physiological reaction was showed sufficient possibility availing evaluation index of thermal comfort. In the future another one needs to review beside the selected physiological variable.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
• /
• v.24 no.1
• /
• pp.70-84
• /
• 1994

People experience health behaviors for themselves and theses have diversity according to each culture and people and further there is an inherent meaning in health behavior The purpose of this study was to explore the health cconcept of Korean people and their pattern of health behavior The research method was a questionaire including open questions and the subjests were 164 adults age from 21 to 61. The result of this study are as follows : 1. Perceived health concepts by adults were “possibility”, “responsibility”, “being free”, “happiness”, “brightness”, “power”, “life”, “importance”, “mental rest”, “state of nnonilliness”, “death” 2. Health behaviors carried out by Korean adults were “maintance of psychological comfort”, “exercise”, “work”, “maintance of balanced diet”, “having a hobby”, “eating health food”, “health check up”, “prevention of hazards”, “eating natural food”, “maintenance of personal relationships”, “rest”, “having religion”, “making contract with nature”, “relaxation”, “limit one’s tastes”. 3. The perceived purposes of health behavior by Koran adults were maintenance of a joyful life, health maintenance, health restoration, prevention of illness, achievement of reponsibility, haying a hobby, longevity, peaceful death. Korean health concepts in this study showed a trend that reflects the rule of family and forcused harmony and eating habits. Korean health behavior in this study showed a trend that forcuses on emotional comfort which reflects oriental thinking. The result of this study will contribute to build a theory of health behavior and to derive strategies of health behavior to promote health.

• 모자간호학회지
• /
• v.1
• /
• pp.5-15
• /
• 1991

Caring, according to Leininger, is the essence of nursing : it is the central and unifying domain of science and practice of nursing. The problem addressed by the this study was to explore nursing students' perceptions of caring. The purpose was to provide theoretical understanaling at how students conceptualize caring througout the three years of their educational preparation. The subjects for this study were 343 nursing students of one three - year Christian college of nursing in a major regional city in Korea. The data were collected from May 6 to 25, 1991, through an open - ended questionnaire. The data analysis used was descriptive method. Validity was strengthened by confirmations with by a doctoral candidate and three other nursing professors. From the data, 557 descriptive statements were organized into 70 taring behavior patterns and 16 categories of taring. The 16 categories were helping, comfort, love, concern, support, being present, protection, health maintenance, fulfillment. warmth, Instruction, empathy, trust, sharing, restoration and nurturance. The five categories primarily reported by first year students were, In order, helping, comfort:. restoration, protection, and love, by second year students, helping, comfort, love, being present, and support : and by third year students, helping, comfort, love, concern, and support. Instruction, empathy, trust, sharing and nurturance were least reported by the students. Instuction, trust and nurturance were not expressed by first year students. The Korean nursing student's concepts, of caring appeared to be similiar to Leininger's caring constructs but warmth and fulfillment were specified by these students. Theoretical understanding of concepts central to nursing contributes to the development at the discipline.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
• /
• v.8 no.3
• /
• pp.346-356
• /
• 2001

This paper describes a Q-methodological study on the Perception of comfort in hospital in-patients. The participants completed a 37-item Q sort made up of statements which could be ranked in terms of their relevance to the subjective meaning of comfort. Three interpretable types of comfort were identified through this Q study : Type I, positive medical action style, feel secure and satisfied when medical staff show a positive attitude towards them as patients. They put a high value on prompt responses from medical staff and physical aspects of care like non-invasive procedures or comfortable position. Type II, social relation style, experience a state of comfort when they perceive support or concern from medical staff, relatives or other patients suffering from similar diseases. They feel safe and secure when medical staff are kind and have a good reputation or when the size of the hospital is big enough, Type III, emotional wellbeing style, feel that hope for a healthy life or maintaining self-care activities are highly valuable. They feel safe and comfortable when their privacy is protected. They put worth on independent thinking, strong will, and emotional or psychological comfort. The results of this study can be used as a basis to develop nursing measures for comfort. Further studies on factors which influence perception of comfort and intervention strategies according to the above types of comfort need to be done.

• Proceedings of the SAREK Conference
• /
• 2006.06a
• /
• pp.1180-1185
• /
• 2006

Modern people spend most of time at indoor space, such as office or classroom. Especially, occupants are exposed to the airtight indoor air quality (IAQ) for a long time, At present, many studies on the air-conditioning systems are more focused on the individual thermal comfort than the thermal efficiency due to increase of the concern of health. There are several factors which are influenced thermal comfort, such as temperature, humidity, convection and air movement, etc. Also, the individual factor, such as age, gender, Physical constitution and habit, should be considered. The 4-way cassette type air conditioner is known to bring out better performance about thermal comfort than the traditional one. This study is performed on the higher ceiling environment than the common buildings or classrooms. Also, this study analyzed on the Indoor thermal comfort by diffusing direction of 4-way cassette air conditioner with various discharge angles, $45^{\circ},\;50^{\circ},\;55^{\circ}$ and $60^{\circ}$. Using a commercial code, FLUENT, three-dimensional transient air thermal flow fields are calculated with appropriate wall boundary conditions and standard $k-{\epsilon}$ turbulence model. Results of velocity and temperature distributions are graphically depicted with various discharge angles.

• Architectural research
• /
• v.25 no.4
• /
• pp.73-84
• /
• 2023

Indoor thermal conditions greatly affect the health and comfort of humans who occupy the space in it. The purpose of this research is to analyze the influence of water and vegetation elements as a microclimate modifier in buildings to obtain thermal comfort through the study of thermal environment models. This research covers two objects, namely public buildings and housing in Makassar City, South Sulawesi Prov-ince - Indonesia. Quantitative methods through field surveys and measurements based on thermal and personal variables. Data analysis based on ASHRAE 55 2020 standard. The data was processed with a parametric statistical approach and then simulated with the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation method to find a thermal prediction model. The model was made by increasing the ventilation area by 2.0 m2, adding 10% vegetation with shade plant characteristics, moving water features in the form of fountains and increasing the pool area by 15% to obtain PMV + 0.23, PPD + 8%, TSV-1 - +0, Ta_25.7℃, and relative humidity 63.5 - 66%. The evaluation shows that the operating temperature can analyze the visitor's comfort temperature range of >80% and comply with the ASHRAE 55-2020 standard. It is concluded that water elements and indoor vegetation can be microclimate modifiers in buildings to create desired comfort conditions and adaptive con-trols in buildings such as the arrangement of water elements and vegetation and ventilation systems to provide passive cooling effects in buildings.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
• /
• v.7 no.1
• /
• pp.130-140
• /
• 2002

The purpose of this study was to examine the customer’s perception of the importance of restaurant quality by using a developed SERVQUAL model. In particular, it was intended to provide the basic information for nutrition education for family’s eating out. the data were collected through the survey over 440 families who have lived around the apartments in Kyongju and Seoul. The structure questionnaire included 35 items evaluating the quality of restaurants, adapting SERVQUAL model and adding other factors related to restaurant and the general characteristics of the families. The data were analyzed using SPSS 10.0 WIN program for descriptive analysis, a chi-square test and Pearson’s correlation test. The major results were as follows: From the factor analysis, the 35 items related to the quality of restaurant have been categorized into 10 factors, ie., ‘Health’, ‘Reliability’, ‘Employee’, ‘Food’, ‘Facilities’, ‘Product’, ‘Empathy’, ‘Access’, ‘Comfort’, and ‘Safety’. From the analysis of the correlation between family life cycle of four steps and 10 factors, four factors such as ‘Health’, ‘Facilities’ (p<0.001), ‘Comfort’ (p<0.01) and ‘Product’ (p<0.05) showed statistical significance. ‘Health’ and ‘Product’ factors marked the highest score in the family with senior couple live without children or single, but the lowest score in the family with young couple without children or single. ‘Facilities’ and ‘Comfort’ factors showed the highest scores in the family with under elementary school children, and the lowest scores in the family with over elementary school children.

• Journal of Wellbeing Management and Applied Psychology
• /
• v.5 no.4
• /
• pp.19-31
• /
• 2022

Purpose: This study was conducted to identify indoor air quality in various living spaces using sensors that can measure noise, vibration, fine dust, and odor in real time and to propose optimal indoor air quality maintenance management using Internet of Things(IoT). Research design, data and methodology: Using real-time sensors to monitor physical factors and environmental air pollutants that affect the comfort of the residential environment, Noise, Vibration, Atmospheric Pressure, Blue Light, Formaldehyde, Hydrogen Sulfide, Illumination, Temperature, Ozone, PM10, Aldehyde, Amine, LVOCs and TVOCs were measured. It were measured every 1 seconds from 4 offices and 4 stores on a small scale from November 2018 to January 2019. Results: The difference between illuminance and blue light for each measuring point was found to depend on lighting time, and the ratio of blue light in total illumination was 0.358 ~ 0.393. Formaldehyde and hydrogen sulphide were found to be higher than those that temporarily attract people in an indoor office space that is constantly active, requiring office air ventilation. The noise was found to be 50dB higher than the office WHO recommendation noise level of 35 ~ 40dB. The most important factors for indoor environmental quality were temperature> humidity> illumination> blue light in turn. Conclusions: Various factors that determine the comfort of indoor living space can be measured with real-time sensors. Further, it is judged that the use of IoT can help maintain indoor air quality comfortably.