• 한국환경보건학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국환경보건학회 2004년도 International Conference Current Challenges and Advances in Environmental Health
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• pp.43-44
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• 2004

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.84-97
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• 1983

Under the limited arable land, the enhancement of agricultural productivity is indispensable to provide the food demand which is concomitant with the rapid increase in population. From this viewpoint, the upbringing and dissemination of high-yielding varieties has been promoted continuously and several modifications in cultural practices, including heavy fertilization, dense planting, and early transplanting, also have been gradually developed. However these changes in cultivation have led to the increased outbreak of insect pests and diseases. And this unexpected results have accelerated the number and complexity of pesticides employed as well as their consumption. Even though pesticides are essential materials contributing to the steady production of agricultural crops, large scale consumption of them has given rise to several adverse impacts, such as mammalian hazard and/or environmental contamination. In this respect, recent development of new pesticides has been concentrated on 'safe pesticide', as it were, that has the highly selective properties without unfavorable side influences on other ecosystem. According to literature cited up to now, feasibilities of safe pesticide development would be summarized as two categories. One of them is the development of chemical pesticides, which include the molecular structure modification of established pesticides for increased safety and synthesis of new safe chemicals which can attack the vulnerable point of physio-ecological characteristics in insect pests and diseases. The other is the biological pesticides which comprise natural enemies and microorganisms to act selectively on confined insect pests and diseases, In addition, improvement of physico-chemical properties of available pesticide formulations would be one of the desirable means for safe pesticide development in view of efficacy enhancement and minimization of hazardous properties or safe pesticide development, various approaches are feasible and needed to study, however, long period and much financial outlay are necessary to develop a new item. And under the present situation in Korea, there are many difficulties for performing research on all the possible routes. Therefore, combined pesticides by the reasonable combination of already registered resticides evaluated as the fairly safe pesticides and safe formulation based on their physico-chemical properties would be developed primarily. And many efforts would be given gradually for the development of new chemical and biological pesticides.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.155-161
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• 1999

Objectio ostinato the carcinogenic risks from the ingestion of some carcinogenic pesticides (CPs) in vegetables sampled at a local agricultural product market in Seoul. Methods: After applying a hazard identification step, we selected four pesticides, such as DDT, dieldrin, folpet, and heptachlor epoxide, for this risk assessment. Concentrations of each pesticide were measured from randomly sampled vegetables. In order to estimate the human exposure levels, we combined the concentration of pesticides in the vegetables with consumption rate of those vegetables. Three scenarios were hypothesized for human exposure assessment. Scenario I was the most conservative which supposed the undetected CPs would be the detection limit values. Scenario II was assumed that the undetected CPs would be a half of the detection limit values, and finally scenario III merely considered only values greater than the detection limit values. We finally presented the estimated carcinogenic risks on the basis of the traditional risk assessment procedure suggested by U.S. EPA. Results: Pesticides including DDT, dieldrin, folpet and heptachlor epoxide were detected in 9 samples (6%) in the range of $0.0006\sim0.09ppm$. The daily intake levels of carcinogenic pesticides were estimated in the range of $0.0009\sim0.0079{\mu}g/day$. As we expected, excess cancer risks based on scenario I was also the highest $(1.1\times10^{-8}\sim5.5\times10^{-5})$. Conclusions: We found that the estimated risks from the pesticides we investigated were not serious. We, however, propose that a continuos monitoring is needed to make sure for the protection of public health.

• 공업화학
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.87-92
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• 2013

광촉매 혼성 저온 플라즈마는 폐수에 함유된 유기물을 분해시키는 효과적인 기술이다. 본 연구에서는 광촉매가 결합된 특별히 설계된 유전체 방전 시스템을 골프장이나 감귤농가에서 흔히 살포되는 디크로보스, 카보퓨란 및 메치다치온 살충제의 분해에 적용하였다. 단독 및 병합 시스템에서 살충제의 분해를 평가하였다. 단독 시스템은 UV의 차폐 유무 및 산소기체와 공기에 의한 오존(각종 반응 활성종들 포함) 플라즈마를 이용하였다. 혼성 시스템은 UV로 활성화된 산화아연, 이산화티타늄과 그래파이트 옥사이드와 결합하여 공기에 의한 플라즈마 반응에 적용하였다. 그래파이트 옥사이드는 모사 허머스 법으로 제조하여 FT-IR 분광기로 성능을 측정하였다. 반응시간 60 min에서 UV를 차폐하고 공기를 이용한 플라즈마 반응에 의한 분해성능과 비교하였으며, UV로 활성화된 그래파이트 옥사이드(0.01 g/L)와 결합된 플라즈마 반응은 디크로보스와 카보퓨란의 각각 100% 분해도를 보였다. UV를 활용한 광촉매 혼성 플라즈마는 살충제를 분해시키는 효과적인 대안으로 입증되었다.

• 한국분무공학회지
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.1-13
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• 2001

In the pesticides sprays, spray and atomization technologies to increase the deposition and reduce the drift are briefly reviewed. Further research is needed to deduce a measure of drift risk in sprays with different structures, velocity profiles. For flat fan nozzles, the data of breakup length and thickness of liquid sheet are essential to understand the atomization processes and develop the transport model to target. In the air-assisted spray technology to reduce drift, further works on the effect of application height on drift and air assistance on droplet size should be followed. In addition, methods for quantifying included air in the air inclusion techniques are required. A few researches on the droplet size of fallout can be found in the literature. A combined technology with electrostatic method into one of method for the reduction of drift may be an effective strategy for increasing deposition and reducing drift.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.823-834
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• 2014

In order to solve the shortage of natural Tripterygium wilfordii Hook. f. plant resource for the production of the important secondary metabolites triptolide and wilforine, hairy roots were induced from its root calli by Agrobacterium rhizogenes. Induced hairy roots not only could be maintained and grown well in hormone-free half-strength Murashige and Skoog medium but also could produce sufficient amounts of both triptolide and wilforine. Although hairy roots produced approximately 15% less triptolide than adventitious roots and 10% less wilforine than naturally grown roots, they could grow fast and could be a suitable system for producing both secondary metabolites compared with other tissues. Addition of $50{\mu}M$ methyl jasmonate (MeJA) could slightly affect hairy root growth, but dramatically stimulated the production of both triptolide and wilforine, whereas $50{\mu}M$ salicylic acid had no apparent effect on hairy root growth with slightly stimulatory effects on the production of both secondary metabolites. Addition of precursor nicotinic acid, isoleucine, or aspartic acid at the concentration of $500{\mu}M$ had varying effects on hairy root growth, but none of them had stimulatory effects on triptolide production, and only the former two had slightly beneficial effects on wilforine production. The majority of triptolide produced was secreted into the medium, whereas most of the produced wilforine was retained inside of hairy roots. Our studies provide a promising way to produce triptolide and wilforine in T. wilfordii hairy root cultures combined with MeJA treatment.

• 한국환경보건학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국환경보건학회 2004년도 International Conference Current Challenges and Advances in Environmental Health
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• pp.84-85
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• 2004

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.407-415
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• 1986

수도(水稻)의 주요(主要) 병해충(病害蟲)인 도열병(稻熱病)과 벼멸구 동시방제용(同時防除用) 혼합입제농약(混合粒劑農藥) 개발(開發)을 위(爲)한 기초자료(基礎資料)를 얻고져 살균제(殺菌劑) 2종(種)과 살충제(殺蟲劑) 3종(種)을 선발(選拔), 습식(濕式) 조립법(造粒法)으로 시제품(試製品)을 제조(製造)하여 이들의 이화학적(理化學的) 특성(特性)과 병해충(病害蟲)에 대(對)한 약효(藥效) 등을 실내시험(室內試驗)으로 수행(遂行)하였다. 시제품(試製品)의 pH는 $8.0{\sim}8.8$인 약(弱)알카리성(性)이었으며 수중붕괴성(水中崩壞性), 수중용출속도(水中溶出速度), 분말도(粉末度) 등은 양호(良好)하여 입제(粒劑)로서의 이화학적(理化學的) 성질(性質)은 양호(良好)한 편(便)이었다. 혼합제(混合劑)의 경시적(輕視的) 안정성(安定性)은 단제(單劑)에 비(比)해 저하(抵下)되는 경향(傾向)이어서 제제시(製劑時) 수분함량조절(水分含量調節) 및 건조공정(乾燥工程)에 주의(注意)가 요구(要求)되었으며 아울러 적당(適當)한 안정제(安定劑)의 첨가(添加)가 필요(必要)하였다. 잎도열병(稻熱病)에 대(對)한 시제품(試製品)의 방제효과(防除效果)는 isoprothiolane 조합(組合)의 경우 단제(單劑)와 비슷하였으나 probenazole 조합(組合)에서는 carbofuran과의 혼합(混合)에서만 약효상승효과(藥效上昇效果)가 인정(認定)되었으며 fenthion과 propoxur와의 혼합(混合)은 단제(單劑)와 비슷한 약효(藥效)를 보였다. 벼멸구에 대(對)한 방제효과(防除效果)는 공시(供試) 혼합제(混合劑)가 모두 약효상승효과(藥效上昇效果)가 있었는데 fenthion 조합(組合)과 propoxur 3% 함유(含有) 혼합제(混合劑)는 약효(藥效)가 매우 낮았다. 또한 벼멸구약충의 서식부위(棲息部位)인 수도체(水稻體) 하반부중(下半部中) 살충제잔류량(殺충劑殘留量)이 높을수록 살충효과(殺蟲效果)는 증대(增大)되었다. 따라서 시제품(試製品)의 이화학적(理化學的) 성질(性質) 및 약효면(藥效面)에서 혼합입제(混合粒劑)로서의 개발(開發)이 가능(可能)한 조합(組合)은 carbofuran 조합(組合)과 propoxur 6% 함유(含有) 조합(組合)이었는데 제제시(製劑時) 안정제(安定劑)의 첨가(添加)나 수분함량(水分含量) 조절(調節) 및 건조공정(乾燥工程) 단계에서 주성분(主成分)의 안정성(安定性) 등이 고려(考慮)되어야 할 것으로 사료(思料)되었다.

• Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.44-54
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• 2002

A brief review of current status in the field of agricultural spray and future research challenges are presented. Researches on the pesticides sprays, pollen sprays, postharvest sprays, and biological control agent sprays among the various applications of agricultural spray were selected and reviewed. In the agrochemical sprays, the techniques to increase the deposition such as electrospray and reduce the drift such as introductions of drift retardants and of mechanical means are reviewed. The introduction of mechanical means includes low drift, air-assisted, air inclusion, shield or shroud assisted and pulse flow nozzles. For flat fan nozzles, the data of breakup length and thickness of liquid sheet are essential to understand the atomization processes and develop the transport model to target In the air-assisted spray technology to reduce drift, further works on the effect of application height on drift and air assistance on droplet size should be followed. In addition, methods for quantifying the included air in the air inclusion techniques are required. The atomization characteristics of biopesticides spray are not being elucidated and the formulations of biopesticides should be taken into account the spray characteristics of existing nozzle and sprayer. A few researches on the droplet size of fallout can be found in the literature. A combined technology with electrostatic method into one of method for the reduction of drift may be an effective strategy for increasing deposition and reducing drift. Only an integrated approach involving all stakeholders such as engineers, chemists, and biologists, etc. can result in improved application of agricultural spray.

• 농약과학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.38-44
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• 2003

본 연구는 다양한 계열의 농약을 대상으로 체내에서 농약을 무독화하는 효소로 알려진 glutathione-S-transferase(GST) 와 esterases 에 대한 저해정도를 조사하고, 이 중 저해력이 높은 약제를 선발하여 무독화 효소에 의하여 분해되는 것으로 보고된 약제와 혼합 처리하였을 때 나타나는 약효의 변화를 조사하고자 수행하였다. 무독화효소를 저해하는 농약을 선발하기 위하여 34종의 살충제와 31종의 살균제를 대상으로 glutathione-S-transferase와 esterases 에 대한 저해력을 측정한 결과, thiodicarb $(I_{50}:1.87{\times}10^{-4}M)$, thiocyclarn $(I_{50}:7.40{\times}10^{-4}M)$, dithianon $(I_{50}:7.55{\times}10^{-5}M)$, tolylfluanide $(I_{50}:8.66{\times}10^{-5}M)$은 glutathione-S-transferase의 활성을 강게 저해하였고, dichlorvos $(I_{50}:8.95{\times}10^{-8}M)$, pirimicarb $(I_{50}:2.74{\times}10^{-6}M)$, pyrazophos $(I_{50}:3.31{\times}10^{-5}M)$, benomyl $(I_{50}:4.96{\times}10^{-5}M)$은 esterases의 활성을 강하게 저해하였다. Glutathione-S-transferase를 저해하였던 thiodicarb, thiocyclarn, dithianon, tolylfluanide와 glutathione-S-transferase 에 의해 대사되는 것으로 알려진 aeephate를 혼합 (1:1)하여 배추좀나방 (Plutella xylostella L.) 에 처리하고 약효를 관찰한 결과, 각각의 단제를 처리하였을 때보다 약효가 상승되었다. 특히 dithianon과 thiocyclam을 acephate 와 혼합시 각각 7배와 4배 약효가 상승하였다. 그리고 esterase를 저해한 약제인 dichlorvos, pirimicarb, pyrazophos, benomyl 을 esterase 에 의해 대사되는 것으로 알려진 phenthoate 와 혼합하였을 경우에도 단제 처리시의 약효보다는 혼합처리시의 약효가 높았다. Phenthoate와 dichlorvos 혼합시 18배, phenthoate 와 benomyl 혼합처리시 12배의 약효상승효과가 나타났다. 본 연구의 결과들은 무독화과정 효소에 의해 무독화되는 약제를 무독화효소 저해제와 혼합처리시 약효상승이 유발된다는 것을 나타내는데, 이러한 결과들은 향후 혼합제 개발에 유용하게 사용될 수 있을 것이라 생각된다.