• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.178-184
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• 2016

Objective: Tension-type headache is caused by hormones, foods, irritants, stress, obesity, fatigue, and neck and head trigger points-prolonged abnormal posture. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of relaxation approach on head posture, static postural stability, and headache in persons with tension-type headache. Design: Randomized controlled trial. Methods: Thirty-five persons with tension-type headache participated in this study. This study was a pretest-posttest with a control group design for a duration of 4 weeks (60 min/3 times/1 wk). The participants were randomly allocated to the relaxation approach group (n=18) and the control group with conventional rehabilitation including thermotherapy and transcutaneous electrical stimulation for the same period (n=17). Outcome measures involved forward head posture (FHP), foot pressure, neck disability index (NDI), and six-item headache impact test (HIT-6). Results: Relaxation approach and control groups improved significantly in the amount of forward head posture, neck disability index, and six-item headache impact test scores after training (p<0.05). The control group was found to be significantly different in the amount of FHP, backward foot pressure, NDI, and HIT-6 after training compared to before training (p<0.05). The relaxation approach group significantly improved in forward head posture, neck disability index, and six-item headache impact test compared with control group after training (p<0.05). Neck disability index and six-item headache impact test significantly improved after training compared with before training in the control group (p<0.05). However, the foot pressure was not significantly different between relaxation approach and control groups. Conclusions: This study suggests that treatment with relaxation approach combined with self-exercise would be effective in reducing the amount of forward head posture, neck disability and headache impacts.

• 재활치료과학
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.35-40
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• 2012

본 연구에서는 가상현실 치료가 뇌졸중 환자의 뇌 가소성을 동반한 상지기능 향상에 미치는 영향을 알아보고 강도 높은 가상현실 훈련이 뇌졸중 환자의 상지기능 향상을 위한 집중치료로써 임상적으로 유용한 훈련인지 알아보고자 하였다. 뇌졸중 환자에게 있어 사용-의존성 즉 운동 강도와 반복은 마비 측 사지의 운동 기능향상에 중요한 치료적 요소이다. 최근에는 상지의 지속적 사용을 통한 뇌-가소성에 기반한 변화를 유도할 수 있는 치료방법으로 가상현실 치료가 대두되었다. 가상현실 치료는 재활 임상환경에서 운동기능 향상을 위한 훈련강도와 반복을 제공할 수 있는 기술적 방법으로 채택되기 시작하였다. 특히 뇌졸중 환자의 상지 기능을 향상시키기 위한 치료적 유용성 측면에서는 강도 높은 반복적 훈련이 가능하다는 것과 게임 같은 형식으로 높은 동기부여가 가능하다는 것, 실제 수행을 통한 다중감각적 피드백 제공, 상호작용이 가능한 과제지향적 치료가 가능하다는 장점을 가지고 있다. 임상 환경에서 작업치료와 더불어 부가적으로 가상현실 치료를 실시하는 것은 뇌졸중 환자의 상지 기능회복을 더욱 촉진할 것이다.

• 대한물리의학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.137-146
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• 2018

PURPOSE: This study examine the effect of community ambulation training on gait, depression and self - efficacy of stroke patients in order to develop more effective training methods of community rehabilitation. METHODS: In the experimental group, community ambulation training combined with indoor and outdoor walking was performed for 30 minutes three times a week for six weeks. In the control group, general indoor walking training was performed. The physical factors were assessed by a 10-meter walking test, six-minute walking test and community gait test. Psychological factors were assessed by the Korean version of the Epidemiology Center Depression Scale and Activity-Specific Balance Confidence Scale. RESULTS: In the 10-meter walking test, the normal walking speed was significantly improved after the intervention in both the experimental group and the control group (p<.05). However, the fast walking speed was significantly improved only in the experimental group (p <.05). ln the community gait test, the experimental group showed significant improvement (p<.05), but the control group did not. Depression and self-efficacy were significantly improved in the experimental group (p<.05) but not in the control group. CONCLUSION: Community ambulation training may improve the gait ability of stroke patients and reduce their depression and improve self-efficacy.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.11-20
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• 2007

The objective of this study was to discern the effects of a balance training program on the performance of lower extremities in order to improve strength (muscle power, flexibility, walking power), balance control and walking ability in the elderly. The subjects selected were aged 65 years and over, with no known relevant medical history that may disturb their balance, and have also been visiting the Gimhae Senior Welfare Center. The variable group consisted of 30 subjects, of whom were people who had been participating in balance training programs (One Leg Standing; OLS, Functional Reach; FR, Timed Get Up and Go; TUG) as an intervention for 8 weeks 3 times per a week. They were examined in order to identify their balance control before and after. The control group consisted of thirty subjects who preferred to exercise without any intervention relating to balance training program. The subjects were measured before and after balance training in order to determine the effectiveness of exercise and the effectiveness of exercise combined with the aid of a Balance Performance Monitor. 1. Mean time on OLS test with left and right sided extremities in the experimental group was 35.44 sec, 42.10 sec longer than control group respectively. In FR tests applied to the left and right side, mean reaching distance was increased up to 5.56 cm, 6.73 cm in experimental group respectively. Mean time on TUG test from a chair in experimental group was decreased to 2.33 sec. 2. Mean value of decline in the level balance control, both left and right side, decreased to 2.24% as examined by the Balance Performance Monitor. Mean scores for sway level after balance training decrease to .98% and for balance control both anterior and posterior directions decreased to mean 1.07% and 1.44%, respectively.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.121-134
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of different types of rehabilitation training program on the kinetic and kinematic parameters during sit-to-stand movement(STS) in chronic stroke patients. Two groups of hemiparetic patients, experimental and control, participated in the study. The experimental group participated in a 10-week training program (three sessions/wk, $1{\sim}1.5\;hr/session$) consisting of a warm-up, aerobic exercises, lower extremity strengthening. and a cool-down. The control group participated in an aerobic exercise. Three dimensional kinematic analysis and force platform; were used to analyze the duration of STS, lower extremity angle, and weight bearing ability. The experimental group which had more strength of lower extremity displayed decrease in duration of STS. However, the control group showed increases in duration during sit-to-stand movement. The control group flexed their trunk more than the group did Therefore, it took more time to extend their trunk during STS. The duration in sit-to-stand was affected by the strength of lower extremity and the angle of trunk movement. The angles of ankle and knee joint had an influenced on duration of STS. The post experimental group performed with their feet near the front leg of the chair during sit-to-stand, therefore the duration was decreased. The repetitive sit-to-stand movements as a resistance exercise was effective to hemiparetic patients in learning mechanism of sit-to-stand. The control group showed decreased differences in the vertical ground reaction forces between paretic and non-paretic limbs. Their training program included strengthening exercise that may help improving weight bearing ability. The control group showed increases in the center of pressure in the anteroposterior and mediolateral displacement. This means that the stability of movement was low in the control group. Their training program which combined aerobic and strengthening exercises that are more effective to improve the stability of movement.

• 대한물리치료과학회지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.73-79
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• 2008

Background : Treadmill training has been proposed as a useful adjunct to conventional physical therapy to restore ability to walk after stroke. The purpose of this study to inform clinical practise by evaluating the research evidence for the effectiveness of treadmill training after stroke. Methods : We searched to the effectiveness of any form of intervention for effect of treadmill training by Dankook University electronic library databases of Medline, Embase, Cinahl, Amed and PEDro combined with a hand search of papers published in relevant peer-reviewed journals. Any type of study relevant to the topic published in English during time period from 1980 to 2007 was included. Results : The literature search identified 35 studies. The included studies enrolled a total of 374 subjects. 1. Treadmill retraining without partial body weight support might be more effective than no treatment at improving gait velocity, get up and go time, gait endurance and step length symmetry. 2. Treadmill retraining with partial body weight support might be more effective than no treatment in improving step length symmetry, gait velocity, gait endurance and balance. 3. Treadmill retraining might be more effective with partial body weight support than without it at improving gait velocity and motor improvement as measured by The Stroke Rehabilitation Assessment of Movement(STREAM). 4. Treadmill retraining without partial body weight support may be no different from physiotherapy and increase gait velocity to conventional gait therapy. 5. Treadmill retraining with partial body weight support may be no different from physiotherapy for gait velocity, motor recovery and balance. Conclusion The review suggests that although treadmill training of gait, especially with partial body weight support, might Improve gait parameters and functional mobility, unless treadmill training is directed at Improving gait speed it might be no more effective than conventional physical therapy at improving gait parameters.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.26-33
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• 2011

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of respiratory muscle training (RMT) with abdominal drawing-in maneuver (ADIM) on pulmonary function. Twenty-two subjects with restrictive breathing participated in this study. All the subjects were randomly assigned to three groups (7 subjects in RMT group, 7 subjects in RMT with ADIM group, 8 subjects in control group). The first group performed the RMT by using incentive respiratory spirometer (IRS). The second group performed the RMT by using IRS and the ADIM by using a Stabilizer. The exercises were conducted over four days. The pulmonary function was evaluated using the spirometer to measure the force exploratory volume in 1 second ($FEV_1$) and forced vital capacity (FVC). Measurements were conducted on the first day and the last day. A paired-t test was used for pre-post changes and the change rates in FVC and $FEV_1$ among each group were investigated by a one-way ANOVA. The findings of the the study were as follows: 1) There were significant differences of FVC and $FEV_1$ between pre and post in the two training groups (p<.05) 2) There was no significant difference of the change ratio the FVC and $FEV_1$ between the RMT group and RMT with ADIM group. Therefore, it is concluded that respiratory muscle and ADIM training, combined with two methods of treatment would suggest positive evidence for improving pulmonary function.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.246-254
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• 2017

Purpose: Previous studies have reported that action observation training has beneficial effects on enhancing the motor task, such as balance and gait functions. On the other hand, there have been few studies combined with action observation training and auditory feedback. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of action observation training with auditory feedback on the gait function in stroke patients with hemiparesis Methods: A total of 24 inpatients with post-stroke hemiparesis were assigned randomly to either an experimental group 1 (EG 1, n=8), experiment group 2 (EG 2, n=8), control group (CG, n=8, EG 1). The EG 2 and CG watched video clip demonstrating three functional walking tasks with auditory feedback, without auditory feedback, and showing a landscape image, respectively. The exercise program consisted of 30 minutes, five times a week, for four weeks. The participants were measured to 10MWT (10 m walk test), 6MWT (6 minutes walking distance test), TUG (timed up and go test), DGI (dynamic gait index), time and steps of F8WT (figure-of-8 walk test). Results: In the intra-group comparison after the intervention, EG 1 and EG 2 showed a significantly different gait function (10MWT, 6MWT, DGI, TUG, F8WT) (p<0.05). In the inter-group comparison after intervention, EG 1 showed significant improvements in the entire gait parameters and EG 2 only showed significant improvement in DGI and TUG compared to CG (p<0.05). Conclusion: These findings show that action observation training with auditory feedback may be used beneficially for improving the gait function of stroke patients with hemiparesis.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.55-63
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• 2021

Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of balance training with Functional Electrical Stimulation (FES) on balance and gait in patients with chronic stroke. Design: A cross over design Methods: Nine patients with stroke were recruited into this study. They were measuring their balance ability and gait ability. The intervention "A" included 4 weeks of balance training with Functional Electrical Stimulation (FES) for 40 m/d, 3 d/wk. Intervention "B" included 4 weeks of balance training with placebo Functional Electrical Stimulation (FES) for 40 m/d, 3 d/wk. Of the 9 patients who completed the study, 5 were randomly assigned to" group A-B", and 4 to group B-A. The crossover occurred after 4 weeks. Results: Following are the specific results of balance training with Functional Electrical Stimulation (FES) on patients with chronic stroke. First, patients who received treatment A showed improvement compared with patients who received treatment B in static balance. There were significant decreases in anterioposterior, mediolateral postural sway extension and velocity moment (p<0.05) with their eyes opened and closed conditions. Second, they had significantly improved in dynamic balance (p<0.05). Lastly, there were also improvement in their gait velocity and cadence (p<0.05). Conclusions: These findings suggest that, the Functional Electrical Stimulation (FES) combined with balance training more effectively improves the balance and gait ability, I'm convinced that it could be actively used in clinics added to the conventional physical therapy in the future.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.489-499
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• 2012

이 논문에서는 원격탐사 자료의 분류를 목적으로 서로 다른 훈련 집단들과 분류자들로부터 생성된 분류 결과들을 결합하는 분류 틀을 제안하였다. 제안 분류 틀의 핵심 부분은 서로 다른 훈련 집단과 분류자들을 이용함으로써 분류 결과 사이의 다양성을 증가시켜서 결과적으로 분류 정확도를 향상시키는데 있다. 제안 분류 틀에서는 우선 서로 다른 샘플링 밀도를 가지는 서로 다른 훈련 집단들을 생성한 후에, 이들을 서로 다른 구분 능력을 나타내는 분류자들의 입력 훈련 자료로 사용한다. 그리고 초기 분류 결과들에 다수결 규칙을 적용하여 최종 분류 결과를 얻게 된다. 다중 시기 ENVISAT ASAR 자료를 이용한 토지 피복 분류사례 연구를 통해 제안 방법론의 적용 가능성을 검토하였다. 사례 연구에서 3개의 훈련 집단과 최대우도 분류자, 다층 퍼셉트론 분류자, support vector machine 등과 같은 3개의 분류자를 이용한 9개의 분류 결과를 결합하였다. 사례 연구 결과, 제안 분류 틀 안에서 토지 피복 구분에 관한 상호 보완적인 정보의 이용이 가능해져서 가장 높은 분류 정확도를 나타내었다. 서로 다른 결합들을 비교하였을 때, 다양성이 크지 않은 분류 결과들을 결합한 경우에는 분류 정확도의 향상이 나타나지 않았다. 따라서 다중 분류 시스템의 설계시 분류자들의 다양성을 확보하는 것이 중요함을 확인할 수 있었다.