• The Transactions of the Korea Information Processing Society
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.295-304
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• 1996

Toprovide economical BISDN service, with which integration process of many types of media is possible, it is necessary to construct a system with ground network and satellite network combined. The method for this type of transmission using satellite is TDMA that can provide services to many users in various area. However, the most difficult task to connect TDMA which uses synchronous method to ATM which used asynchronous transfer mode is the deterioration n of ATM transmission quality such as cell delay variation. Therefore, it is necessary to develop delay variation compensation method which can confront to the ATM. Efficient ways to use satellite links under the conditions such that maximum efficiency of the delay variation is limited under the required value, and the burst characteristic of transmission cell does not increase are being researched for translation between in ATM and TDMA. This paper points out the problems when time stamp method, reviewd in ground network, is applied to the satellite links to compensate the delay variation .To solve the problem, discrete cell count method is introduced along with the calculation of transmission capacity and error rate.Also, from the observation of stab-ility of the system and verification of reliability even when singal error occurred in the cell transmission timing information, the proposed compensation method appeared to be excellent.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.7
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• pp.4061-4066
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• 2013

The extranodal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma (ENKTL) shows high local or systemic failure rates when radiotherapy (RT) is taken as the primary treatment, suggesting a role for chemotherapy (CT) added to RT for this disease. However, the appropriate mode of combined modality therapy (CMT) has not been fully defined. A total of one hundred and twenty-one patients with ENKTL receiving sandwich CT with RT were reviewed between January 2003 and August 2012. The primary endpoints were the response rate, progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and the relapse rate. After the initial CT, there were 84 (69.4%) patients in CR, 22 (18.2%) patients in PR, 9 (7.4%) patients in SD, and 6 (5%) patients in PD, respectively. At the end of RT, the CR, PR, SD, and PD rates for all patients were 90.9% (n=110), 1.7% (n=2), 4.1% (n=5), and 3.3% (n=4), respectively. After a median follow-up of 42.3 months (3.5~112.3 months), the 5-year PFS was 74.7% (95% CI 70.4%~79.0%), and 5-year OS was 77.3% (95% CI 67.9%~86.7%). Disease progression was documented in 25 (20.7%) patients. The rates of systemic failure, local failure, and regional failure were 18.2%, 5.8%, 1.7%, respectively. Twenty death events (16.5%) were observed for the entire group of patients (18 deaths related to PD). Furthermore, CR to the initial CT and low Korean Prognostic Index (KPI) can independently predict long PFS and OS. The sandwich CMT achieved an excellent outcome for localized ENKTL with acceptable toxicity. We recommend it can be applied as the optimal choice for localized ENKTL.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.477-486
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• 2014

Integrated sand control including sediment discharge from hinterland rivers is necessary to maintain coastal sand resources over a long term. In this regard, the following subjects should be considered; efficient ways to transfer discharged sand from a river to the neighboring coast, measures to improve storage efficiency of the discharged sand at the river delta and/or river terrace, measures to prevent the sand resources from being discharged into the deep sea during flooding. From the 1997 to January 2004, the jetty of 156 m length was constructed the Heoya-river mouth to protect the blockade of river mouth. Several tests were carried out to investigate the characteristics of sediment transport and morphological change due to the construction of the jetty at the Heoya-river mouth. Firstly, The sand discharge from Heoya river is quantified by one-dimensional numerical analysis assuming the mixed sand of three different particle diameters. Also the numerical mode system, which predicts the sea bed changes obtained from the Bailard's energy model(1981), was combined with the wave, wave-induced currents and sediment transport models. Then, to understand the changes to the blockade of the river mouth, several aerial photographs were compared, which showed that the changes were significant.

• Membrane Journal
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.214-219
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• 2018

In the present study, superflux nickel capillary supports for gas and vapor separation membranes were prepared by a combined process of NIPS and sintering. Nickel capillary precursors were prepared by NIPS process from PSf-Ni-DMAC-PEG400 dope solution and was sintered at various temperatures in $H_2$ atmosphere to reliably produce Ni capillary support. The optimized Ni capillary support has an outer and inner diameters of 722 and $550{\mu}m$, and its thickness was $94{\mu}m$. It has 3-dimensional pore channel network and its porosity and mean pore diameter was 26% and $4{\mu}m$, respectively. Also, its mechanical strength was tested in tensile mode: its fracture load was 2.84 kgf and the fracture elongation was 13%. Finally, its single gas permeance was measured: He, $N_2$, $O_2$, and $CO_2$ permeance was 432,327, 281,119, 264,259, and 193,143 GPU, respectively. The superflux behavior could be explained from viscous flow through the macropores having a diameter of $4{\mu}m$ and narrow thickness. It could be concluded that the superflux behavior of the Ni capillary support was from the 3-D pore channel network and the small thickness.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.10-19
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• 2017

Anabolic steroids have similar structures to testosterone, both of which promote the growth of muscle mass and increase strength. However, the side effects of anabolic steroid use may lead to heart attacks or strokes. Additionally, the excessive use of steroids inhibits the production of the sex hormones in the body via a negative feedback loop, which results in testicular atrophy in males and amenorrhea in females. Currently, the method of choice used to test for the presence of anabolic steroids is GC-MS. However, GC-MS methods require chemical derivatization of the steroid sample to ensure compatibility with the analytical method; therefore, analysis of many different samples is difficult and time consuming. Unlike GC-MS, the liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time of flight mass spectrometry (LC-Q-TOF-MS) method is suitable for many samples. Twenty-two different anabolic steroids were analyzed by LC-Q-TOF-MS with various collision energies (CE). Accurate mass spectral data were obtained using a Q-TOF-MS equipped with an electro-spray ionization source and operated in the positive MS/MS mode for several classes of steroids that are often the targets of testing. Based on the collected data, fragmentation pathways were carefully elucidated. The high selectivity and sensitivity of the LC-Q-TOF-MS instrument combined with these fragmentation pathways offers a new approach for the rapid and accurate screening of anabolic steroids. The obtained data from the 22 different anabolic steroids will be shared with the scientific community in order to establish a library to aid in the screening of illegal anabolic steroids.

• Journal of the Optical Society of Korea
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.705-710
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• 2015

The fabrication process of thin boron-doped nanocrystalline diamond (B-NCD) microelectrodes on fused silica single mode optical fiber cladding has been investigated. The B-NCD films were deposited on the fibers using Microwave Plasma Assisted Chemical Vapor Deposition (MW PA CVD) at glass substrate temperature of 475 ℃. We have obtained homogenous, continuous and polycrystalline surface morphology with high sp³ content in B-NCD films and mean grain size in the range of 100-250 nm. The films deposited on the glass reference samples exhibit high refractive index (n=2.05 at λ=550 nm) and low extinction coefficient. Furthermore, cyclic voltammograms (CV) were recorded to determine the electrochemical window and reaction reversibility at the B-NCD fiber-based electrode. CV measurements in aqueous media consisting of 5 mM K₃[Fe(CN)₆] in 0.5 M Na₂SO₄ demonstrated a width of the electrochemical window up to 1.03 V and relatively fast kinetics expressed by a redox peak splitting below 500 mV. Moreover, thanks to high-n B-NCD overlay, the coated fibers can be also used for enhancing the sensitivity of long-period gratings (LPGs) induced in the fiber. The LPG is capable of measuring variations in refractive index of the surrounding liquid by tracing the shift in resonance appearing in the transmitted spectrum. Possible combined CV and LPG-based measurements are discussed in this work.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.125-135
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• 2015

The tendency of more longer span length being required economical in railway bridges is studying about PSC I shaped girder. In this case, it is important to analyze and choose the effective girder section for stiffness of bridge. This study investigates the dynamic properties and safety of PSC I shaped girder being used wide upper flange whose selection based on radii and efficiency factor of flexure for railway bridge in different span type. In addition, 40m PSC Box girder bridge adopted in Honam high speed railway is further analyzed to compare dynamic performance of PSC I shaped girder railway bridge with same span length. Time history response is acquired based on the mode superposition method. Static analysis is also analyzed using standard train load combined with the impact factor. Consequently, the result met limit values in every case including vertical displacement, acceleration and distort.

• The Korean Journal of Malacology
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.21-28
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• 2012

The combined effects of water temperature and salinity on the settlement rate and density (spats/$cm^2$) of Crassostrea gigas pediveliger larvae were studied under the hatchery conditions. Four water temperatures (20.0, 23.0, 26.0 and $29.0^{\circ}C$) were tested at three salinities (20.0, 30.0 and 40.0). The optimum water temperature by salinity conditions were $29.0^{\circ}C$ and 20.0, 30.0 which significantly (P < 0.05) the highest mean (${\pm}S.D$) larval settlement rate of $43.1{\pm}0.1%$, $42.1{\pm}0.1%$, respectively. But the combination of water temperatures and salinities for settlement density was not effected, but each factor as water temperature ($29.0^{\circ}C$), salinity (40.0) was shown significantly high and low settlement density, respectively (P < 0.05). The statistics result of settlement density frequency was appeared: mode ($1.2-2.3spats/cm^2$), Mean ($1.9-2.4spats/cm^2$), Range ($3.0-5.8spats/cm^2$) and the lowest variance was obtained 0.4 at water temperature $20.0^{\circ}C$ by salinity 30.0, but $29.0^{\circ}C$ by 20.0 was the highest (1.1). The best condition at this results for the larvae setting under the artificial seed collection of C. gigas was $29.0^{\circ}C$ and 20.0-30.0.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.194-198
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• 2005

Growth curves of Listeria monocytogenes in modified surimi-based imitation crab (MIC) broth were obtained by measuring cell concentration in MIC broth at different culture conditions [initial cell numbers, $1.0{\times}10^{2},\;1.0{\times}10^{3}\;and\;1.0{\times}10^{4}$, colony forming unit (CFU)/mL; temperature, 15, 20, 25, 37, and $40^{\circ}C$] and applied to Gompertz model to determine microbial growth indicators, maximum specific growth rate constant (k), lag time (LT), and generation time (GT). Maximum specific growth rate of L. monocytogenes increased rapidly with increasing temperature and reached maximum at $37^{\circ}C$, whereas LT and GT decreased with increasing temperature and reached minimum at $37^{\circ}C$. Initial cell number had no effect on k, LT, and GT (p > 0.05). Polynomial and square root models were developed to express combined effects of temperature and initial cell number using Gauss-Newton Algorism. Relative coefficients of experimental k and predicted k of polynomial and square root models were 0.92 and 0.95, respectively, based on response surface model. Results indicate L. monocytogenes growth was mainly affected by temperature and square root model was more effective than polynomial model for growth prediction.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.288-295
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• 2018

Purpose: The paper aims to compare the effectiveness of the two types of transport demand management measures, namely pull measures and push measures. Method: Case studies of two metropolitan areas in the developing world assess the extent to which increases in fuel prices can contribute to reducing automobile use and increasing the public transport use and the potential of urban rail transit to cause mode shift from automobiles. Within the case studies, a stated response survey of current car users has been conducted for Cairo and an on-line survey of rail transit users in Algiers. Results: There was a major proportion of car drivers who intend to switch to public transport, depending on the range of fuel prices in Cairo and a considerable proportion of rail users who have switched from automobiles resulting in a measurable reduction in CO2 emissions in Algiers. Conclusion: Investments in urban rail can be highly effective where there are demands for better public transport, but this type of pull measures can be much more effective if combined with push measures which significantly raise driving costs.