• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.462-471
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• 2017

Thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP), the active form of thiamine is a cofactor for enzymes involved in central metabolism pathways. However, it is also known to have a role as a stress signaling molecule in response to environmental changes. Anabaena sp. and N. oculata are microorganisms which are abundantly found in Malaysia's freshwater and marine ecosystem. However, not much studies have been done especially in regards to thiamine biosynthesis. This work aimed to amplify of gene transcripts coding for thiamine biosynthesis enzymes besides looking at the expression of thiamine biosynthesis genes upon stress application. Various stress inducers were applied to the cultures and RNA was extracted at different time points. The first two genes, ThiC and ThiG/Thi4 encoding enzymes of the pyrimidine and thiazole branch respectively in the thiamine biosynthesis pathway were identified and amplified. The expression of the genes were analysed via RT-PCR and the intensity of bands were analysed using ImageJ software. The results showed up to 4-fold increase in the expression of ThiC and ThiG gene transcript as compared to control sample in Anabaena sp. ThiC gene in N. oculata showed an expression of 6-fold higher as compared to control sample. In conclusion, stresses induced the expression of the gene coding for one of the most important enzymes in thiamine biosynthesis pathway. This is an agreement with the hypothesis that overexpression of thiamine is crucial in assisting plants to combat abiotic stresses.

• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.375-382
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• 2020

Owing to the rapid development of infrared guided weapon systems, the threat to aircraft survivability is constantly increasing, and research on infrared stealth technologies are being conducted to ensure aircraft survival. In this study, we analyze the minimum infrared signature of an aircraft according to its flight altitude by considering the characteristics of infrared guided missiles, which detect the contrast signature between the aircraft and background. We conducted computational fluid dynamics simulations for the convective coefficient, and heat transfer simulations were performed considering convection, conduction, and radiation for flight conditions. Thus, we obtained the surface temperature distribution of the aircraft and analyzed the aircraft infrared signature based on the flow characteristics around it. Furthermore, the optimum emissivity for the minimum infrared signature was derived, and the effect of the infrared signature was analyzed when this optimum emissivity was applied to the fuselage surface for each flight condition.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.34-42
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• 2020

In modern air combat, infrared signals play an important role in the detection of opponents and must be reduced to improve survivability and stealth. In particular, IR signals generated in the wake of aircraft engines have high intensity and short wavelengths, so most heat-tracking missiles detect these signals. Accordingly, the measurement and characteristic analysis of Gas radiation signals from the engine's wake were carried out in this study. Micro turbojet engine has been configured to simulate a real aircraft turbofan engine, and the characteristics of IR signal reduction by adjusting the bypass ratio were identified. Through this, the IR signal characteristics for each wavelength are analyzed and verification of signal reduction technologies is performed.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.142-148
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• 2016

The characterization of stormwater runoff from mix land-use catchments with an inadequate sewer network is a challenge. This study focused on characterizing stormwater runoff from the Paldang watershed area based on land-use type and sewer system coverage. A total of 76 sites were monitored during wet weather from seven different counties within Paldang watershed. Public sewer system (PSS) was installed at 48 sites, while 28 sites had no or individual sewer system (ISS) coverage. The results indicated that the sites included in the ISS group with higher forest and paddy land-use percentage exhibit higher values of average event mean concentrations (EMCs) and first flush intensity for suspended solids (SS), total nitrogen (TN), and total phosphorous (TP). In addition, upgrading runoff interception system can capture 59 % of the TP load in the first 43% of runoff within these sites. Similarly, rainfall depth and storm duration showed a positive correlation (R > 0.6) with nutrient loads within ISS group sites, as compared to PSS group. Therefore, these sites are likely to contribute higher TP and TN loads during heavier storm events and should be selected as priority management areas to combat the problem of eutrophication in Paldang reservoir.