• KIEAE Journal
• /
• 제13권5호
• /
• pp.67-77
• /
• 2013

Based on the increasing demand for a solution to reduce thermal load, extensive green roofs have great opportunity for application to existing roofs due to their light-weight and easy maintenance. The present study delivers data regarding thermal behavior and heat reduction potential in relation to vegetation coverage between green roof types. 1) In the hottest hour in a day, green roofs showed considerable potential to mitigate heat load in roof environments, which can be up to $10^{\circ}C$ difference. 2) Compared to conventional cement roofs, the extensive green roofs only have a slight potential to cool the air over green roofs. By statistical analysis of linear regression, green coverage has little to do with the reduction of air temperature; the cooling effect was proven only in nighttime. 3) Green roofs act as an insulating roof membrane, the inner substrate of green roofs remained cooler than cement roof surfaces in the daytime, but in the nighttime the green roofs generally were warmer than the cement roof surfaces. 4) The variable of vegetation coverage resulted in no significant difference in thermal behavior in the air, but had the greatest effect in keeping the substrate cool in the daytime. The high vegetation coverage also hindered the rapid cooling of the substrate in the nighttime, and therefore was warmer than other measured temperatures. In order to draw a clear conclusion to combat urban heat island effect with extensive green roofs, the experiment needs to be applied on a larger scale.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
• /
• 제34권1호
• /
• pp.1-7
• /
• 2017

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to evaluate effects of taping therapy on recovery of behavioral symptoms and neural excitability of the lumbar spinal cord in rat model for ankle sprain. Methods : Adult Sprague-Dawley rats was used and divided into 3 experimental groups: normal group(n=6), ankle sprain(n=6), and ankle sprain with taping treatment(n=6). In order to induce ankle sprain the right ankle joint was injured with 4~5 repetitive over-flexions and over-extensions manually. The severity of joint pain was evaluated by measuring foot weight bearing force ratio(FWBRF) of the hind limb and the injury-induced edema formation by diameter of the joint following ankle sprain. The changes of neural excitability in the lumbar spinal cord was tested by observation of cFos protein expression, a metabolic marker for neural excitation. Results : Severity of ankle injury induced in this experiment coincided with Grade 1 ankle sprain. Compared with ankle sprain group, ankle sprain＋taping showed a significant reductions of joint pain as well as of edema formation at the ankle joint following ankle sprain. There was significant upregulation of cFos-immunoreactive neurons in the lumbar spinal cord 24 hours after ankle sprain. In contrast, taping therapy resulted in significant inhibition of cFos-immunoreactive neurons in the lumbar spinal cord. Conclusions : Collectively, these results suggest that taping therapy may be an alternative therapeutic intervention for symptom recovery of the mild ankle sprain.

• 한국군사과학기술학회지
• /
• 제13권6호
• /
• pp.1006-1012
• /
• 2010

For the autonomous navigation of an unmanned ground vehicle in the rough terrain and combat, the dust environment should necessarily be overcome. Therefore, we propose a robust obstacle detection methodology using laser range sensor and radar. Laser range sensor has a good angle and distance accuracy, however, it has a weakness in the dust environment. On the other hand, radar has not better the angle and distance accuracy than laser range sensor, it has a robustness in the dust environment. Using these characteristics of laser range sensor and radar, we use laser range sensor as a main sensor for normal times and radar as a assist sensor for the dust environment. For fusion of laser range sensor and radar information, the angle and distance data of the laser range sensor and radar are separately transformed to the angle and distance data of virtual range sensor which is located in the center of the vehicle. Through distance comparison of laser range sensor and radar in the same angle, the distance data of a fused virtual range sensor are changed to the distance data of the laser range sensor, if the distance of laser range sensor and radar are similar. In the other case, the distance data of the fused virtual range sensor are changed to the distance data of the radar. The suggested methodology is verified by real experiment.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
• /
• 제1권2호
• /
• pp.45-52
• /
• 1983

Many pressure vessels for the hot H$\sub$2//H$\sub$2/S service are made of 2+1/4Cr-1Mo steel with austenitic stainless steel overlay to combat agressive corrosion due to hydrogen sulfide. Hydrogen dissolves in to materials during operation, and sometimes gives rise to unfore-seeable damages. Appropriate precautions must, therefore, be taken to avoid the hydrogen induced damages in the design, fabrication and operation stage of such reactor vessels. Recently, hydrogeninduced cracking (or Disbonding) was found at the interface between base metal and stainless weld overlay of a desulfurizing reactor. Since the stainless steel overlay weld metal is subjected to thermal and internal-pressure loads in reactor operation, it is desirable for the overlay weld metal to have high strength and ductility from the stand point of structural safety. In section III of ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Post-Weld Heat Treatment(PWHT) of more than one hour per inch at over 1100.deg. F(593.deg. C) is required for the weld joints of low alloy pressure vessel steels. This heat treatment to relieve stresses in the welded joint during construction of the pressure vessel is considered to cause sensitization of the overlay weld metal. The present study was carried out to make clear the diffusion of carbon migration by PWHT in dissimilar metal welded joint. The main conclusion reached from this study are as follows: 1) The theoretical analysis for diffusion of carbon in stainless steel overlay weld metal does not agree with Fick's 2nd law but the general law of molecular diffusion phenomenon by thermodynamic chemical potential. 2) In the stainless steel overlay welded joint, the PWHT at 720.deg. C for 10 hours causes a diffusion of carbon atoms from ferritic steel into austenitic steel according to the theoretical analysis for carbon migration and its experiment. 3) In case of PWHT at 720.deg. C for 10 hours, the micro-hardness of stainless steel weld metal in bonded zone increase very highly in the carburized layer with remarkable hardening than that of weld metal.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
• /
• 제35권4호
• /
• pp.330-340
• /
• 2019

The present study was undertaken to evaluate the integrated effect of zinc (Zn) with other nutrients in managing early blight (EB) disease in tomato. A pot experiment was carried out with basal application of the recommended level of macronutrients [nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (NPK)] and micronutrients [magnesium (Mg) and boron (B)] in bilateral combination with Zn (2.5 and 5.0 mg/kg) in a completely randomized deigned in replicates. Results revealed that interactive effect of Zn with Mg or B was often futile and in some cases synergistic. Zn with NPK yield synergistic outcome, therefore EB disease was managed significantly (disease incidence: 25% and percent severity index: 13%), which resulted in an efficient signaling network that reciprocally controls nutrient acquisition and uses with improved growth and development in a tomato plant. Thus, crosstalk and convergence of mechanisms in metabolic pathways resulted in induction of resistance in tomato plant against a pathogen which significantly improved photosynthetic pigment, total phenolics, total protein content and defense-related enzymes [superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POX), polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL)]. The tremendous increase in total phenolics and PAL activity suggesting their additive effect on salicylic acid which may help the plant to systemically induce resistance against pathogen attack. It was concluded that interactive effect of Zn (5.0 mg/kg) with NPK significantly managed EB disease and showed positive effect on growth, physiological and biochemical attributes therefor use of Zn + NPK is simple and credible efforts to combat Alternaria stress in tomato plants.

• 문화기술의 융합
• /
• 제8권5호
• /
• pp.453-458
• /
• 2022

육군은 미래전에 대비하기 위해 2017년부터 도약적 변혁을 추진하였다. 이를 위해, 육군은 2018년 창설된 육군미래혁신연구센터를 중심으로 혁신의 붐을 육군 전체로 확산시켰다. 이 과정에서 육군 구성원들은 전력, 싸우는 개념, 구조 등 미래 핵심역량을 창출할 수 있는 방법론의 필요성을 제기하였다. 육군미래혁신연구센터의 연구진은 이와 같은 현장의 목소리에 부응하기 위해 '군사혁신 사고과정'을 정립하고, 전문가 타당성 평가와 육군혁신학교 적용을 통해 이를 최적화시켜 나갔다. 그 결과, '군사혁신 사고과정'은 육군 기획문서에 필요한 아이디어를 제공했고, 육군 교육체계에 포함되었다. 동시에 육군 연구과제와 KCI급 논문의 연구방법론으로 자리매김하고 있다. 앞으로 '군사혁신 사고과정'은 후속연구를 통해 육군의 군사혁신을 이끄는 이정표 역할을 담당할 것이다.

• Animal Bioscience
• /
• 제36권7호
• /
• pp.1075-1082
• /
• 2023

Objective: Animal feed companies and researchers are currently embarking on quests for feed additives that could combat the pathogens while promoting growth as well as maintaining quality products. The current study aimed to evaluate the effects of onion extracts on growth performance, carcass quality, and bone morphometrics of broiler chickens. Methods: A total number of 200 one-day-old unsexed Ross 308 broiler chicks were assigned to 5 treatment groups, replicated 4 times. Each replicate (pens) held 10 chickens in a completely randomized design. The experimental diets were then randomly allotted to the pens which act as experimental units. The isoenergetic and isonitrogenous diets were formulated by including onion extracts at 0, 5, 10, 15, or 25 g/kg in a complete broiler diet. Feed intake, and body weight, were recorded then used to calculate feed conversion ratio. At the end of the experiment (42 days), four chickens from each pen were randomly selected for slaughter for carcass, bone morphology and sensory evaluation. Results: Results showed that onion extract supplementation did not affect (p>0.05) growth performances and meat sensory evaluation. However, there was a significantly increased (p<0.05) meat shear force in groups receiving onion extracts dietary treatments. Furthermore, onion extracts improved (p<0.05) bone morphology of broiler chickens in terms of weight, diameter, calcium, and phosphorous contents. Conclusion: In conclusion, onion extracts can be safely included in a commercial broiler diet as a growth promoter without causing adverse effects on growth performance traits and carcass quality in chickens. Onion extract supplementation improved tibia bone growth and strength in broiler chickens.

• Natural Product Sciences
• /
• 제29권2호
• /
• pp.104-112
• /
• 2023

COVID-19 caused a catastrophe in human health. People infected with COVID-19 also suffer from various clinical illnesses during and after the infection. The Boerhavia diffusa plant is well known for its antihypertensive activity. ACE-II inhibitors and calcium channel blockers are reported as mechanisms for the antihypertensive activity of B. diffusa phytoconstituents. Various studies have said ACE-II is the virus's binding site to attack host cells. COVID-19 treatment commonly employs a variety of synthetic antiviral and steroidal drugs. As a result, other clinical illnesses, such as hypertension and hyperglycemia, emerge as serious complications. Safe and effective drug delivery is a prime objective of the drug development process. COVID-19 is treated with various herbal treatments; however, they are not widely used due to their low potency. Many herbal plants and formulations are used to treat COVID-19 infection, in which B. diffusa is the most widely used plant. The current study relies on discovering active phytoconstituents with ACE-II inhibitory activity in the B. diffusa plant. As a result, it can be used as a treatment option for patients with COVID-19 and related diseases. Different phytoconstituents of the B. diffusa plant were selected from the reported literature. The activity of phytoconstituents against ACE-II proteins has been studied. Molecular docking and ligand-protein interaction computation tools are used in the in-silico experiment. Physicochemical, drug-likeness, water solubility, lipophilicity, and pharmacokinetic parameters are used to evaluate phytoconstituents. Liriodenine has the best drug-likeness, bioactivity, and binding score characteristics among the selected ligands. The in-silico study aims to find the therapeutic potential of B. diffusa phytoconstituents against ACE-II. Targeting ACE-II also shows an effect against SARS-CoV-2. It can serve as a rationale for designing a drug for patient infected with COVID-19 and associated diseases.

• 한국산업정보학회논문지
• /
• 제28권6호
• /
• pp.99-105
• /
• 2023

고도의 생존성이 요구되는 잠수함은 군의 전략자산에서 가장 중요한 전투 무기체계 중 하나이다. 일반적인 재래식 잠수함은 추진시스템을 작동하기 위해 공기가 필요해 필연적으로 스노클 항해를 하며 잠수함 내부로 공기를 공급해야 한다. 그리고 스노클 항해 시 수중으로 배출된 폐기 가스는 주변 유체를 가열해 온도 항적을 형성하고 결과적으로 잠수함의 생존성을 감소시킨다. 본 연구에서는 수중 잠수함의 폐기로 인해 형성된 수면의 온도 항적에 관한 기초 실험 연구를 수행하였다. 이를 위해 국내 도입된 잠수함의 추진시스템과 항해 조건 자료를 수집하였으며, 온도 항적을 계측하기 위한 실험 시스템을 구현하였다. 실험 결과 수조로 주입된 고온 기포는 작은 크기로 부서져 주위를 둘러싼 유체와 유사한 수준으로 온도가 감소하였으며, 이를 열전대 센서로 확인하였다. 그리고 수면의 온도 항적을 계측하기 위한 열화상 시스템의 결과에서도 온도 항적은 계측되지 않았다.

• 한국게임학회 논문지
• /
• 제9권3호
• /
• pp.23-33
• /
• 2009

본 연구의 목적은 게임플레이에 대한 게이머의 인지적 처리과정을 살펴보고 게이머의 전문성에 따른 그룹 간 차이를 규명 하는데 있다. 이를 위해 최근 대표적인 MMO(Massively Multi-player Online)게임에 해당하는 월드오브워크래프트 게임에 대한 실증적 실험을 실시하였다. 실증적 실험을 통해 구두조서와 행동조서를 수집하여 게이머의 전문성 별로 분석을 실시하였다. 그 결과 전문가들은 정형화된 행동 패턴을 보인 반면 중급자와 초보자들의 경우 학습곡선과 특정행동 패턴을 형성하는 것을 발견 하였다. 전문가들의 경우 게임 진행 초기 단계에서 수집과 같은 기능적인 행동이 집중된데 반하여 초보자들의 경우 게임 플레이 전반에 걸쳐 7가지 기능적인 행동(탐색, 전투, 3가지 유형의 수집, 회피, 대화)이 분산되어 있는 것이 발견되었다. 본 연구는 게이머의 전문성에 따른 그룹 간 비교분석을 통해서 얻어진 일관성과 차이점을 제시한다. 이는 MMO게임을 디자인 할때, 게임 초보자, 중급자, 전문가에 대한 디자인 지침을 제공 한다. 본 연구 결과는 향후 MMO게임을 디자인 할 때 초보자들에 대한 게임 콘텐츠 개발에 중요한 기초를 제공한다