• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.461-466
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• 2010

A cylindrical UV sterilization system was developed to decrease microorganisms in centrifuged Takju (CT). CT was run through 110 strips of honey comb type-teflon tubes and 9 UV lamps (1395 W) were equipped between teflon tubes. The optimum sterilization condition of CT was fixed for 1.5 min at 2 L/min in overall quality aspects; also, 5~6 log cycle decrease of viable cell numbers of total bacteria and yeast was observed at this operating condition. Quality changes of UV-sterilized CT were examined by UV irradiation of CT followed by storing at $30^{\circ}C$ for 8 days. To evaluate quality changes of UV-sterilized CT, pH, amino nitrogen content, acidity, reducing sugar content and viable cell numbers of total bacteria and yeast were measured. The growth of yeast and bacteria was retarded, showing around $10^8\;CFU/mL$ even after 4 days and $10^8\;CFU/mL$ after 6 days, respectively. Also, UV sterilized CT showed no changes in pH, titratable acidity, and amino nitrogen content during storage except reducing sugar content. UV sterilization did not cause significant difference in L, a, and b values between CT and UV-sterilized CT over the storage period.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.273-291
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• 2016

Some ceramic artifacts representing time-wise from comb pattern pottery in the Neolithic Age to white porcelain in Joseon Dynasty were selected from 7 sites in the north and south area of Charyeong Mountain Range in order to making techniques interpretation and development process of ancient ceramics through physicochemical and mineralogical quantitative analysis. Studied pottery samples in the Prehistoric times showed trace of ring piling in soft-type, and pottery in the Three Kingdoms Period had both soft and hard-type but kettle-ware and storage-ware were made with ring piling, but table-ware was made by wheel spinning. Different from pottery after the Three Kingdom Period when refinement of source clay was high, pottery in the Neolithic Age and in the Bronze Age exhibited highly mineral content in sandy source clay, which showed a lot of larger temper than source clay. Groundmass of celadon and white porcelain almost did not reveal primary minerals but had high content of minerals by high temperature firing. Ceramic samples showed some different in major and minor elements according to sites irrespective of times. Geochemical behaviors are very similar indicating similar basic characteristics of source clay. However, loss-on-ignition showed 0.01 to 12.59wt.% range with a large deviation but it rapidly decreased moving from the Prehistoric times to the Three Kingdom Period. They have correlation with the weight loss due to firings, according to burning degree of source clay and detection of high temperature minerals, estimated firing temperatures are classified into 5 groups. Pottery in the Neolithic Age and in the Bronze Age belongs from 750 to $850^{\circ}C$ group; pottery in the Three Kingdom Period are variously found in 750 to $1,100^{\circ}C$ range of firing temperature; and it is believed celadon and white porcelain were baked in high temperature of 1,150 to $1,250^{\circ}C$. It seems difference between refinement of source clay and firing temperature based on production times resulted from change in raw material supply and firing method pursuant to development of production skill. However, there was difference in production methods even at the same period and it is thought that they were utilized according to use purpose and needs instead of evolved development simply to one direction.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.209-219
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• 1986

This study was designed to investigate the effects of various sources of dietary fats on the blood and liver cholesterol(CHOL) levels in young Single Comb White Leghorn male chicks, In experiment 1, corn oil, palm gil, tallow and fish oil were added individually at a level of 4% to semipurified type diets composed of isolated soyprotein and glucose as major components. The diets were fed ad libitum for a period of 15 days. In experiment 2, various fats such as corn oil, soybean oil, repeseed oil, palm oil, tallow, fish oil and hydrogenated fish oil(HFO) were added individually at a level of 11.4% to practical type diets primarily based on corn and soybean meal. Control diet contained 3% of corn oil. All these diets were formulated to contain equivalent amount of nutrients such as protein, vitamins and minerals on a basis of unit kcal of metabolizable energy. The third Experiment was to compare the effects of different levels of calorie/protein(C/P ratio) of diets on the performances and various biological parameters in the chicks. Control diet was the same as in experiment 2. Another diet was added with 11.14% corn oil(C/P ratio=146) and the other diet with 10% corn oil(C/P ratio=164), The diets in experiment 2 and 3 were fed ad libitum for 26 days. In the first experiment, the chicks fed the diet containing vegetable oils tended to grow faster and show better feed efficiency without significance than those fed diets added with animal fats. However, this tendency was not observed in the experiment 2. Birds consumed the diets added with fish oil appeared to have heavier liver weight and higher liver CHOL than the others(p〈0.05), No significant differences in the levels of blood CHOL and triacylglycerol(TG) were observed among the chicks of various dietary groups(Exp. 1). Weights of liver or heart were significantly heavier in the chicks consumed the diets added with HFO or fish oil, respectively(Exp. 2). However, chicks ingested diet containing fish oil appeared to have significantly lower plasma CHOL. No significant differences were observed in the levels of liver CHOL and plasma TG among the dietary groups. Birds consumed the diet with a wider C/P ratio resulted in higher liver TG levels in experiment 3(p〈0.05). Although no statistical differences were observed among the various dietary groups, chicks fed the diet with a wider C/P ratio tended to show higher levels of plasma CHOL, TG, liver CHOL and total liver lipids compared to those of the control group.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.103-114
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• 2015

Jinsan gold deposit is a hydrothermal vein type deposit consisting of several fissure filling quartz veins developed within the Changri Formation of the Ogcheon Supergroup in Geumsan, Chungnam. This study is to provide an efficient exploration and development strategies based on the characteristics of the geology, geological structure, core logging, and ore vein occurrence and grade for the four pits (New pit, Main pit, Yanghapan pit and Teugho pit). Quartz veins are mostly developed with the strike of $N10^{\circ}-25^{\circ}W$ and $N5^{\circ}-20^{\circ}E$, and the thickness is in the range of 0.1~0.5 m, sometimes extending to over 1m. Although the quartz veins commonly form massive shape, they sometimes show zonal structure, comb structure as well as brecciated texture. Major ore minerals are pyrite and chalcopyrite, and pyrrhotite, sphalerite, galena, marcasite, electrum and chalcocite are also accompanied as minor phases. Gray and milky white quartz veins, which are occasionally crosscut by calcite vein, also include fluorite. Ore evaluations for the 22 samples revealed that the samples from the pits generally have very low Au contents, lower than 1 g/t, but some clay samples of drilled core show very high Au concentrations, up to 141 g/t, indicating that Au content is much higher within fault gouges rather than within fresh quartz veins. This may represent that gold might have been reworked and reprecipitated by hydrothermal fluids in association with reactivation of the faults, and thus suggest that ore occurrence in this deposit is very complex and irregular and therefore more precise and systematic exploration is required.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.47 no.6
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• pp.571-588
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• 2014

It consists of the Precambrian Jirisan metamorphic complex and Sancheong anorthosite complex and the Mesozoic granitoids which intrude them in the Sancheong area, the Jirisan province of Yeongnam massif, Korea. The study area is located in the western part of the stock-type Sancheong anorthosite complex. We performed a detailed fieldwork on the Sancheong anorthosite (SA) and Fe-Ti ore body (FTO) which constitute the Sancheong anorthosite complex, and reinterpreted the origin of FTO foliation and the genetic relationship between them from the foliations, shear zones, occurrences of the SA and FTO. The new structural characteristics between them are as follows: the multilayer structures of FTO, the derived veins of straight, anastomosing uneven types and block structures related to the size reduction of SA, the gradual or irregular boundaries of SA blocks and FTO showing bulbous lobate margins and comb structures, the FTO foliation and linear arrangements of flow occurrence which is not ductile shear deformation, the discontinuous shear zone of SA, the orientation of FTO foliations parallel to the boundaries of SA blocks, the predominance of FTO foliations toward the boundaries of SA blocks and being proportional to the aspect ratio of plagioclase xenocrysts and SA xenoblocks, and the flow folding structures of FTO foliation. Such field evidences indicate that the SA is not fully congealed when the FTO is melt and the fracturing of partly congealed SA causes the derived veins of FTO and the size reduction of SA. Also the gradual or irregular boundaries of SA blocks and FTO result from the mutual reaction between the not fully congealed SA blocks and the FTO melt, and the FTO foliation is a magmatic foliation which was formed by the interaction between the FTO melt and the partly congealed SA blocks. Therefore, these suggest that the SA and FTO are not formed from the intrusion of different magmas in genesis and age but from a coeval and cogenetic magma through multiple fractionation. We predict that the FTO will show an very irregular occurrence injected along irregular fractures, not the regular occurrence like as the intrusive vein and dike. It can be applied to the designing of Fe-Ti mineral resource exploration in this area.