• Journal of Digestive Cancer Research
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.32-36
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• 2017

In unresectable stage IV colorectal cancer, the role of palliative surgery is not defined clearly. The palliative surgery can be categorized into two surgeries; first, palliative primary tumor resection; second, palliative metastatectomy. Several retrospective studies reported initial palliative systemic chemotherapy in unresectable stage IV colorectal cancer did not increase primary tumor related complications such as obstruction, perforation and hemorrhage, so they insisted that primary tumor resection in asymptomatic stage IV colorectal cancer should be preserved. However, in terms of overall survival and cancer-specific or progression-free survival, several retrospective studies, especially using population-based big data, reported favored survivals in palliative primary tumor resection group. And also several studies reported that palliative metastatectomy such as liver resection without resection of lung metastasis showed better overall survivals. But those results from those studies came from retrospective studies and are likely to be affected by selection bias. Prospective randomized studies are needed to define the benefit of palliative primary tumor resection and metastatectomy in unresectable stage IV colorectal cancer. However, based on the updated evidences, the dogma that palliative primary tumor resection should be preserved in asymptomatic unresectable stage IV colorectal cancer should be questioned.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.20
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• pp.8951-8955
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• 2014

Background: Studies have shown the existence of gender- and age-related differences in the incidence and anatomic distribution of colorectal cancers. The purposes of this study were to analyze the distribution characteristics of colorectal cancer patients regarding gender, age, location and tumor size in the course of colonoscopy. Materials and Methods: All colorectal cancer patients who underwent colonoscopy in the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University from 2003 to 2012 were included in our retrospective study. Demographic information (age and gender) and colonoscopy report information (tumor size and location) were collected and analyzed. To compare the gender differences in tumor location and tumor size, as well as the size differences in tumor location, the chi-square test was used. Results: A total of 3, 369 colorectal cancer patients (2, 007 men vs 1, 362 women) were included in our study. Statistical analysis showed there was no gender difference in the anatomic distribution of the tumors (p>0.05). However, there was a gender difference in tumor size (p<0.05). In addition, our study found there was a significant difference in tumor size between rectal and colon tumors (p<0.001). Conclusions: There was no gender difference in the anatomic distribution of colorectal tumors. In addition, tumors observed in men were larger than in women.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.19
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• pp.8469-8474
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• 2014

Introduction: Recent studies have indicated that down-regulation of the suppressor of cytokine signaling-1 (SOCS-1) gene results in tumor formation and that SOCS-1 acts as a tumor suppressor gene. SOCS-1 has been also suggested to function as a tumor suppressor with colorectal cancer. Objectives: In the present study, we aimed to determine the association of SOCS-1 expression in colorectal cancer tissues with clinicopathologic characteristics immunohistochemically and also to identify its prognostic significance. Materials and Methods: SOCS-1 expression was studied immunohistochemically in 67 patients diagnosed with resected colorectal carcinomas and 30 control subjects. Results: SOCS-1 expression was found in 46.3% of tumor tissues and 46.7% of the control group. Statistical analyses did not establish any significant association between SOCS-1 expression and clinicopathologic characteristics. Also, no significant association with SOCS-1 expression was found using progression-free survival and overall survival analyses (p=0.326 and p=0.360, respectively). Conclusions: Our results show that SOCS-1 has no prognostic significance in colorectal cancer.

• Journal of Digestive Cancer Reports
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.56-60
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• 2020

In recent years, liquid biopsy has received immense attention. Liquid biopsy is a minimally invasive method used for obtaining biological fluids including urine, pleural fluid and, mostly, peripheral blood. Liquid biopsy involves various targets including circulating tumors cells (CTCs), circulating cell-free tumor DNA (ctDNA), and microRNA (miRNA). Colorectal cancer (CRC), like other solid tumors, shed tumor cells into the bloodstream. Analysis of these CTCs, as well as ctDNA is the primary objective of the liquid biopsy. Evaluation of CTC or ctDNA offers information about early tumor release, development of tumor metastasis and also about mechanisms involved in tumor resistance to treatment.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.965-970
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• 2015

Colorectal cancer is one of the most severe subtypes of cancer, and has the highest propensity to manifest as metastatic disease. Because of the lack of knowledge of events that correlate with tumor cell migration and invasion, few therapeutic options are available. The current study aimed to explore the mechanism of colorectal cancer in hope of identifying the ideal target for future treatment. We first discovered the pro-tumor effect of a controversial cell cycle regulator, cylin-dependent kinase inhibitor 3 (CDKN3), which is highly expressed in colorectal cancer, and the possible related signaling pathways, by bioinformatics tools. We found that CDKN3 had remarkable effects in suppressing colorectal cancer cell proliferation and migration, inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in a colorectal cancer cell line, SW480 cells. Our study, for the first time, provided consistent evidence showing overexpression of cell cycle regulator CDKN3, in colorectal cancer. The in vitro studies in SW480 cells revealed a unique role of CDKN3 in regulating cellular behavior of colorectal cancer cells, and implied the possibility of targeting CDKN3 as a novel treatment for colorectal cancer.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.30-35
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• 2018

Patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models are useful tools for tumor biology research and testing the efficacy of candidate anticancer drugs targeting the druggable mutations identified in tumor tissue. However, it is still unknown how much of the genetic alterations identified in primary tumors are consistently detected in tumor tissues in the PDX model. In this study, we analyzed the genetic alterations of three primary colorectal cancers (CRCs) and matched xenograft tissues in PDX models using a next-generation sequencing cancer panel. Of the 17 somatic mutations identified from the three CRCs, 14 (82.4%) were consistently identified in both primary and xenograft tumors. The other three mutations identified in the primary tumor were not detected in the xenograft tumor tissue. There was no newly identified mutation in the xenograft tumor tissues. In addition to the somatic mutations, the copy number alteration profiles were also largely consistent between the primary tumor and xenograft tissue. All of these data suggest that the PDX tumor model preserves the majority of the key mutations detected in the primary tumor site. This study provides evidence that the PDX model is useful for testing targeted therapies in the clinical field and research on precision medicine.

• Journal of Korean Traditional Oncology
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.17-25
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• 2012

Objective : This report is aimed to investigate the effectiveness of traditional korean therapy including intravenous Cultivated Wild Ginseng Pharmacopuncture (CWGP) and Soram immunopharmacopuncture with XELOX chemotherapy in treating metastatic colorectal cancer patient. Methods : A 47-year-old woman who was diagnosed as metastatic colorectal cancer on Oct 2011 was concurrently treated with traditional Korean therapy (TKT) and XELOX (capecitabine plus oxaliplatin) for 7 months. TKT includes intravenous CWGP, Soram immuno-pharmacopuncture, acupuncture, moxibustion, and herbal medicine. The effectiveness of therapies was evaluated with computed tomography and tumor marker levels such as carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9). And pain on the lateral abdomen was recorded with Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Results : The tumor mass size of metastatic liver was decreased from 10 cm to 4.3 cm. The tumor marker levels such as CEA and CA19-9 are also decreased. From these results, this case report suggests that the TKT with palliative chemotherapy may be a useful method to treat unresectable metastatic colorectal cancer.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.2459-2463
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• 2015

Background: To investigate the expression and clinical significance of zinc finger protein 217 (ZNF217) in human colorectal carcinoma (CRC). Materials and Methods: The expression of ZNF217 in 60 CRC tissues and matched tumor adjacent tissues, collected between January 2013 and June 2014, was assessed immunohistochemically. The relationship between the expression of ZNF217 and clinicopathlogical features was analyzed by Pearson chi-square test. In addition, siRNA was used to down-regulate the expression of ZNF217 in CRC cells. The effects of ZNF217 for cell migration and invasion were measured by wound healing assay and transwell assay, respectively. Results: The expression level of ZNF217 was significantly higher in CRC tissues than in tumor adjacent tissues (p<0.05), positively correlating with tumor size, lymphatic metastasis and advanced TNM stage (p<0.05). Down-regulation of ZNF217 in CRC cells could significantly suppress cell migration and invasion. Conclusions: ZNF217 is overexpressed in colorectal carcinoma tissues and is associated with tumor malignant clinicopathological features. ZNF217 may promote CRC progression by inducing cell migration and invasion.

• BMB Reports
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• v.56 no.10
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• pp.557-562
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• 2023

Dysregulation of the E3 ubiquitin ligase Parkin has been linked to various human cancers, indicating that Parkin is a tumor suppressor protein. However, the mechanisms of action of Parkin remain unclear to date. Thus, we aimed to elucidate the mechanisms of action of Parkin as a tumor suppressor in human lung and colorectal cancer cells. Results showed that Parkin overexpression reduced the viability of A549 human lung cancer cells by inducing G2/M cell cycle arrest. In addition, Parkin caused DNA damage and ATM (Ataxia telangiectasia mutated) activation, which subsequently led to p53 activation. It also induced the p53-mediated upregulation of p21 and downregulation of cyclin B1. Moreover, Parkin suppressed the proliferation of HCT-15 human colorectal cancer cells by a mechanism similar to that in A549 lung cancer cells. Taken together, our results suggest that the tumor-suppressive effects of Parkin on lung and colorectal cancer cells are mediated by DNA damage/p53 activation/cyclin B1 reduction/cell cycle arrest.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.20
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• pp.8651-8656
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• 2014

Purpose: To study the expression of angiogenin-2 (Ang-2) and its receptor Tie-2 in colorectal cancer and discuss the possible mechanisms behind this process. Materials and Methods: Using the streptavidin-peroxidase (SP) immunohistochemical method, paraffin sections from 100 colorectal cancer samples and 10 samples from tumor-adjacent normal tissue (> 2 cm from the edge of the gross tumor) were tested for protein expression of Ang-2, Tie-2, PI3K, and AKT. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and Western blots were further used to measure expression of the 4 genes and proteins in 20 freshly-resected colorectal cancer samples and tumor-adjacent normal tissues. Results: In colorectal cancer tissues, the expression of the Ang-2, Tie-2, PI3K, and AKT genes and their proteins was significantly higher than in tumor-adjacent normal tissues. Protein expression in poorly-differentiated adenocarcinoma was higher than that in well and moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma. According to Duke's classification, the protein expression in Stages C and D was significantly higher than that in Stages A and B. In the group with lymphatic metastasis, the protein expression was higher than that without lymphatic metastasis. Conclusions: In colorectal cancer, the expression of the Ang-2, Tie-2, PI3K, and AKT genes and their proteins is markedly higher than those in tumor-adjacent normal tissues. No correlation was observed between protein expression and gender, location, or histologic type. Correlations did exist between protein expression and differentiation level, stage of Duke's classification, and lymphatic metastasis; in colorectal cancer tissues with lower differentiation levels, higher stages of Duke's classification, and lymphatic metastasis, the expression of all 4 proteins was higher. The study of their expression patterns and relationships with aggression and metastasis will provide a valuable experimental foundation for assessing prognosis and targeted therapy of colorectal cancer.