• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제8권2호
• /
• pp.145-149
• /
• 1995

Validity of use of a Y-maze for determining a foraging strategy of cattle was investigated with the object of establishing a procedure of testing foraging strategies of large herbivores. Cattle were placed in a start box of a Y-maze, forced into either goal arm and allowed to consume half of the feed at the end of the arm. Then, cattle were returned to the start box and allowed to choose either arm in the second half of a trial. This time animals were allowed to deplete the feed in the goal arm they chose. A return to the previous arm was recorded a "stay" Choice of the other arm was recorded as a "shift". Shift strategy was not observed. Rather, their behavior appeared either random or stay. However, it might have been caused by inappropriateness of the application of the apparatus and/or the procedure used in the study of foraging behavior of rats. Although the existence of lateral preference was suggested, further study with an elaborated procedure will be necessary to investigate foraging strategies of cattle.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
• /
• 제23권5호
• /
• pp.66.1-66.8
• /
• 2022

Background: Prospective clinical study of blood lactate concentration in horses undergoing colic surgery is needed to determine utility in outcome prediction. Objectives: To evaluate venous lactate measurements in horses following colic surgery, including immediately after anesthetic recovery and daily throughout hospitalization, as well as to determine if lactate concentrations were significantly higher in horses that developed postoperative complications or did not survive to hospital discharge. Methods: Horses > 1 year of age undergoing surgery for colic and recovered from general anesthesia were sampled. A portable lactate meter was used to measure venous samples collected immediately following anesthetic recovery and daily throughout hospitalization. Complications arising during hospitalization and survival to hospital discharge were recorded. Results: Fifty one horses were enrolled, ranging in age from 2 to 29 years. Lactate concentration immediately following anesthetic recovery was higher in horses that developed complications during hospitalization (p = 0.046). The odds of developing complications postoperatively were doubled for horses with a venous lactate concentration > 5 mmol/L. Lactate measurements in non-survivors were significantly higher compared to survivors by 96 h postoperatively (p < 0.006). Conclusions: Higher venous lactate concentrations in the postoperative colic period were associated with an increased risk of complications and death. Results suggest horses with higher venous lactate measurements in recovery are more likely to have postoperative complications, with the odds of developing complications doubled for horses with a venous lactate > 5 mmol/L. Evaluation of venous lactate could provide information on prognosis in the postoperative period for horses with surgical colic.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
• /
• 제26권2호
• /
• pp.99-115
• /
• 2023

Purpose: Exclusive breastfeeding promotes gut microbial compositions associated with lower rates of metabolic and autoimmune diseases. Its cessation is implicated in increased microbiome-metabolome discordance, suggesting a vulnerability to dietary changes. Formula supplementation is common within our low-income, ethnic-minority community. We studied exclusively breastfed (EBF) neonates' early microbiome-metabolome coupling in efforts to build foundational knowledge needed to target this inequality. Methods: Maternal surveys and stool samples from seven EBF neonates at first transitional stool (0-24 hours), discharge (30-48 hours), and at first appointment (days 3-5) were collected. Survey included demographics, feeding method, medications, medical history and tobacco and alcohol use. Stool samples were processed for 16S rRNA gene sequencing and lipid analysis by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Alpha and beta diversity analyses and Procrustes randomization for associations were carried out. Results: Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteria were the most abundant taxa. Variation in microbiome composition was greater between individuals than within (p=0.001). Palmitic, oleic, stearic, and linoleic acids were the most abundant lipids. Variation in lipid composition was greater between individuals than within (p=0.040). Multivariate composition of the metabolome, but not microbiome, correlated with time (p=0.030). Total lipids, saturated lipids, and unsaturated lipids concentrations increased over time (p=0.012, p=0.008, p=0.023). Alpha diversity did not correlate with time (p=0.403). Microbiome composition was not associated with each samples' metabolome (p=0.450). Conclusion: Neonate gut microbiomes were unique to each neonate; respective metabolome profiles demonstrated generalizable temporal developments. The overall variability suggests potential interplay between influences including maternal breastmilk composition, amount consumed and living environment.

• 한국세라믹학회지
• /
• 제47권1호
• /
• pp.61-65
• /
• 2010

Ultrathin atomic layer deposition (ALD) coatings were found to enhance the performance of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Previous studies have demonstrated that $LiCoO_2$ cathode powders coated with metal oxides with thicknesses of $\sim100-1000{\AA}$ grown using wet chemical techniques improved LIB performance. In this study, $LiCoO_2$ powders were coated with conformal $Al_2O_3$ ALD films with thicknesses of only $\sim3-4{\AA}$ established using 2 ALD cycles. The coated $LiCoO_2$ powders exhibited a capacity retention of 89% after 120 charge-discharge cycles in the 3.3~4.5 V (vs. $Li/Li^+$) range. In contrast, the bare $LiCoO_2$ powders displayed only a 45% capacity retention. This dramatic improvement may result from the ultrathin $Al_2O_3$ ALD film acting to minimize Co dissolution or to reduce surface electrolyte reactions.

• 대한자원환경지질학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한자원환경지질학회 2004년도 International Symposium
• /
• pp.9-28
• /
• 2004

Concern about arsenic is increasing throughout the world, including areas of the United States. Elevated levels of arsenic above current drinking-water regulations in ground and surface water can be the result of purely natural phenomena, but often are due to anthropogenic activities, such as mining and agriculture. The current study correlates arsenic speciation in acid mine drainage and mining influenced water with the important water-chemistry properties Eh, pH, and iron(III) concentration. The results show that arsenic speciation is generally in equilibrium with iron chemistry in low pH AMD, which is often not the case in other natural-water matrices. High pH mine waters and groundwater do not 짐ways hold to the redox predictions as well as low pH AMD samples. The oxidation and precipitation of oxyhydroxides depletes iron from some systems, and this also affects arsenite and arsenate concentrations differently through sorption processes.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국수자원학회 1995년도 학술발표회 논문집
• /
• pp.384-389
• /
• 1995

• 한국재료학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국재료학회 1997년도 한국재료학회 춘계학술발표회
• /
• pp.42-42
• /
• 1997

• 한국의류학회지
• /
• 제28권12호
• /
• pp.1617-1624
• /
• 2004

패션 점포의 비주얼(visual) 환경은 소비자를 점포로 이끌고, 최종적으로 구매를 유도하기 위해 매우 중요한 요소로 본 연구에서는 패션 점포를 방문하는 소비자들의 행동에 영향을 미치는 비주얼 환경 요소에 대하여 연구하였다. 먼저 소매 점포에서 점포의 비주얼 환경이 소비자들의 행동(점포에 머무르는 시간)에 미치는 영향을 조사하였고 다음 실제 점포의 비주얼 환경의 차원은 어떻게 구성되는지, 또 구성된 요소 별로 소비자특성에 따른 선호의 정도는 어떻게 다른지 살펴보았다. 그 결과 패션 점포의 비주얼 환경이 실제 소비자들의 패션 점포에서의 체류 시간에 영향을 줌을 확인하였다. 또 비주얼 환경의 요인으로써 디자인, 편리성, 상품 평가의 용이성, 분위기의 4가지 차원을 규명하였고, 소비자 특성에 따라 선호되는 요인이 특성 별로 다름을 확인하였다. 본 연구의 결과를 통해 소매 점포에서의 비주얼 환경의 중요성을 확인할 수 있고, 실제 점포의 비주얼 정책 수립과 점포 비주얼 환경의 개선에 도움을 줄 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.

• Wind and Structures
• /
• 제10권4호
• /
• pp.383-398
• /
• 2007

The paper describes a study of the effects of structural coupling on the wind-induced response of twin tall buildings connected by a skybridge. Development of a dual high-frequency force balance used in wind tunnel investigation and background information on the methodology employed in analysis are presented. Comparisons of the wind-induced building response (rooftop acceleration) of structurally coupled and uncoupled twin buildings are provided and the influence of structural coupling is assessed. It is found that the adverse aerodynamic interference effects caused by close proximity of the buildings can be significantly reduced by the coupling. Neglecting of such interactions may lead to excessively conservative estimates of the wind-induced response of the buildings. The presented findings suggest that structural coupling should be included in wind-resistant design of twin tall buildings.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
• /
• 제9권6호
• /
• pp.557-568
• /
• 2000

As time-variant reliability approaches become increasingly used for service life prediction of the aging infrastructure, the demand for computer solution methods continues to increase. Effcient computer techniques have become well established for the reliability analysis of structural systems. Thus far, however, this is largely limited to time-invariant reliability problems. Therefore, the requirements for time-variant reliability prediction of deteriorating structural systems under time-variant loads have remained incomplete. This study presents a computer program for $\underline{REL}$iability of $\underline{T}$ime-Variant $\underline{SYS}$tems, RELTSYS. This program uses a combined technique of adaptive importance sampling, numerical integration, and fault tree analysis to compute time-variant reliabilities of individual components and systems. Time-invariant quantities are generated using Monte Carlo simulation, whereas time-variant quantities are evaluated using numerical integration. Load distribution and post-failure redistribution are considered using fault tree analysis. The strengths and limitations of RELTSYS are presented via a numerical example.