• 한국염색가공학회지
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.27-37
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• 2020

Low temperature dyeing properties of wool with reactive dyes and acid dyes were investigated for the feasibility study of their application to hair dyeing. The low temperature(30℃, 40℃) dyeing achieved light depth of shade in wool dyeing and reactive dyeing exhibited relatively higher color strength and chroma values than acid dyeing. Leveling agent slightly improved the levelness of the wool dyeing and the leveling properties of dyed wool at low temperature were good to excellent, irrespective of the dyes applied. Color loss during the repeated shampooing was in the range of 9.6~22.2% for reactive dyes and -7.4~31.5% for acid dyes and in some cases, the color fastness to shampooing was reasonable level. The overall experimental results showed that the application of low temperature wool reactive dyeing to hair dyeing is sufficiently feasible in terms of dyeability and color fastness to shampooing.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.271-279
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• 2003

This study was conducted to investigate the sensory and physicochemical properties of beef consomme made with different boiling times (1, 2, 3 and 4hrs). The sensory properties were evaluated with respect to both the acceptability (color, smell, mouth feel, taste, overall acceptability) and intensity characteristics (color, smell, clarify, taste). From the results, the 3hr treatment was most favored for color, smell, mouth feel, taste and overall acceptability, from the sensory evaluation tests. According to a quantitative descriptive analysis of the sensory evaluation for the product, the color, smell and taste gave higher scores with increases in the boiling time. As for the physicochemical characteristics, the pH was increased with increasing boiling time. The reducing sugars, turbidity and viscosity increased with increasing boiling time. The colorimetric lightness values (L) decreased, and redness (a), yellowness(b) and color difference values (ΔE) increased with increasing boiling time. There were 18 free amino acids identified; the alanine, glutamic acid, arginine and leucine contents were high in the free amino acids of the consomme made with different boiling times. There were 3 free sugars identified, glucose, fructose and sucrose. The free sugar contents increased with increasing boiling time. There were changes in the mineral contents of the consomme made with different boiling time; with high K, Na and P contents. The mineral contents increased with increasing, boiling time. The results showed the consomme made by boiling for 3hrs was superior in both its sensory and physicochemical qualities.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.206-212
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• 2004

Prickly pear extract (PPE) was fermented by Lactobacillus rhamnosus LS at 3$0^{\circ}C$ for 2 days. To improve the physicochemical properties of fermented PPE, it was fortified with food polysaccharides (0.2 %) or seaweed calcium before lactic acid fermentation. The viable cell counts, flow behavior, titratable acidity and color stability of fermented PPE were evaluated during 4 weeks of cold storage. Addition of xanthan gum or glucomannan increased the apparent viscosity and acid production, viable cell counts and red color of PPE were also well maintained during the cold storage. However, fermenting PPE with gellan gum resulted in a decrease in relative absorbance, indicating lower color stability. In particular, PPE fortified with carrageenan or alginic acid showed reduced acid production and lower viable cell counts. Addition of seaweed calcium at a 0.1 % level had positive effects on color stability, and helped maintain viable cell counts of 4.1 ${\times}$ 10$^{9}$ CFU/mL. This study demonstrated that xanthan gum could be used as a good thickening agent and stabilizer for retaining viable cell counts and red color during the cold storage in PPE fermented by lactic acid bacteria.

• 한국가구학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.416-425
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• 2013

Luis Barragan's Architecture has creative feature that Mexican environment and traditional culture were complete by color. Thus the color of his work makes our emotions rich and colorful. He said "My architecture is autobiographical..." at speech in Pritz price. As we can see in his architectural philosophy that sentimental architecture is important than theorical system, his works are impression of empirical factor with intuition. "Color is a complement to the architecture. It serve to enlarge or reduce a space. It's also useful for adding that touch of magic a place needs", stated Barragan. During his process of shaping space, Barragan drew on color in the same way as an architectural component, according it a spatial funtion and expressive vale. he allied it with light, deeming it a crucial vehical for conveying the emotive attributes a site. The capacity of color to express sensitivity and sensuality within an architecture space is liked to its psycho-physiological qualities. In this kind of view, color featyre in Barragan's work is one of the most important tools to realize sentimental architecture, not only is result of the Mexican regional color. As a result, make focus on analyzing various meaning of the color in Barragan's architecture like poetic and habitable structure.

• Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.16-21
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• 2003

In the agricultural field, a machine vision system has been widely used to automate most inspection processes especially in quality grading. Though machine vision system was very effective in quantifying geometrical quality factors, it had a deficiency in quantifying color information. This study was conducted to evaluate color of beef using machine vision system. Though measuring color of a beef using machine vision system had an advantage of covering whole lean tissue area at a time compared to a colorimeter, it revealed the problem of sensitivity depending on the system components such as types of camera, lighting conditions, and so on. The effect of color balancing control of a camera was investigated and multi-layer BP neural network based color calibration process was developed. Color calibration network model was trained using reference color patches and showed the high correlation with L*a*b* coordinates of a colorimeter. The proposed calibration process showed the successful adaptability to various measurement environments such as different types of cameras and light sources. Compared results with the proposed calibration process and MLR based calibration were also presented. Color calibration network was also successfully applied to measure the color of the beef. However, it was suggested that reflectance properties of reference materials for calibration and test materials should be considered to achieve more accurate color measurement.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.134-143
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• 1987

딸기원료 및 가공제품의 색깔을 비교하고 원료에서 오는 영향을 관찰하기 위하여 물리적인 측정기기를 이용해서 색깔의 수치를 조사하였다. 딸기의 물성은 레오텍스춰 메타를 이용해서 측정하였고, 아울러 딸기쨈의 리올로지 특성을 측정하였던바, 얻어진 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 딸기의 색깔을 헌터값 X, Y, Z Lab로 나타날때, 숙성도에 따라 변화하는 것을 알 수 있다. 또한 pH 의 변화에 따라 a의 값이 규칙적으로 변화하였으며, 색깔의 양상은 수치적으로 나타낼 수 있었다. 즉 미숙과, 적숙과, 과숙과의 쨈에서 pH 2인 경우의 수치는 37.48, 42.21, 45.04가 됨을 알 수 있다. 2. 딸기의 적색소는 시간이 흐름에 따라 퇴색되고 헌터값의 수치는 낮아지는 경향이었다. 3. 또한 딸기쨈의 색소는 시간의 흐름에 따라 퇴색됨을 보여주었다. 즉 20일후의 딸기쨈의 a값은 16.63이었으나 50 일후의 값은 11.28, 90 일 후의 값은 7.65로 되었다. 4. 딸기에서는 T.P.A에 의해 나타난 양상은 첫번째 피크가 높았으며 이는 체리, 포도, 파인애플과 같은 양상을 보였다. 5. 딸기 조직의 특성인 Hardness 와 Cohesiveness의 특성관계는 반비례적이었다. 6. 딸기쨈은 의가소성 (PseudopIastic) 특성을 가지고 있으며, 또한 점도도 지수는 온도의존성을 보였다. 7. 딸기쨈의 활성화 에너지는 2.03 Kcal/g mol 으로 애플소스 1.3Kcal/g mol 토마토 농축액 1.9Kcal/g mol 보다 높은값을 나타내었고, 토마토 케찹 3.2Kcal/g mol 보다는 낮은 값을 나타내었다.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제24권12호
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• pp.710-714
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• 2014

The effect of titanium dioxide ($TiO_2$) on the properties of color conversion glasses was examined for glasses based on $BaO-ZnO-B_2O_3-SiO_2$. One glass sample, containing 25 mol% of each component, was used as a reference; the other three glass samples contained 1, 3, and 5 mol% $TiO_2$, respectively. The four color conversion glass samples were prepared by sintering a mixture of glass frits and a $YAG:Ce^+$ phosphor. The characteristics of the color conversion glass samples, such as luminous efficacy, luminance, CIE (Commission International de I'Eclairage) chromaticity, CCT (Correlated Color Temperature), and CRI (Color Rendering Index) were analyzed according to the PL spectrum. The refractive index of the glass samples was found to increase with the titanium dioxide content. In conclusion, luminous efficacy of color conversion glasses increased as the content of $TiO_2$ was raised in the glass matrix.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.207-215
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• 2002

Ocean color properties can be quantified by the relationship between the band ratios of the sensor on the ocean color satellites and the measured field ocean color parameters, A tool to determine the abundance of primary organism using the observed ocean color properties from satellite is presented. Coincident to ocean color satellite passes over the Korean waters, the research vessels were deployed to survey the East Sea, the South Sea and the West Sea around the Korean waters, We have been able to have more than 101) data sets containing coincident in situ chlorophyll a and the estimated chlorophyll a derived from SeaWiFS (Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-view Sensor) from february, 1999 to October, 2001. We were able to develop three proper regional algorithms for the East Sea, the South Sea and the West Sea of the Korean peninsula to estimate chlorophyll a, and set up regional algorithms to quantify the suspended solid in the southern sea of the Korean peninsula, Futhermore we were successful in finding out a simple way of estimating chlorophyll a in the turbid water (Case 2 water) using the relationship between in situ chlorophyll a and the estimated chlorophyll a from the processed level 2 data, using the NASA's global algorithm.

• 자원리싸이클링
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.86-92
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• 2010

본 연구는 생산원가 절감은 물론 에너지절감 및 환경보존을 목적으로 산업부산물인 고로슬래그 미분말을 컬러콘크리트의 활용방안으로 모색하고자 색상발현에 어려움이 있는 블랙색상을 선택하여 고로슬래그 미분말의 혼입률에 따른 기초 물성 및 색상발현정도 등을 확인하였다. 산업부산물인 고로슬래그 미분말을 활용한 컬러모르타르는 안료의 혼입시 유동성이 떨어지는 경향을 나타내었으나 입자표면이 산성피막에 의해 치밀하고 매끈하며 잠재수경성의 특성을 가진 고로슬래그 미분말의 혼업률에 비례하여 유동성이 증가하였다. 또한 일반 백색시멘트를 활용한 컬러모르타르보다 초기강도는 낮았으나 혼입시 우수한 장기강도 발현성을 나타내었다. 특히 현재 컬러콘크리트 시공시 색상발현에 가장 적합한 백색시멘트와 비교하여 동동하거나 그 이상의 색상발현성을 나타내었으며 명도 값 -30이하의 우수한 검정색상 발현이 가능하였다.

• 천문학회보
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.64.2-64.2
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• 2020

We present the properties of galaxies in filaments around the Virgo cluster with respect to their vertical distance from the filament spine. Using the NASA-Sloan Atlas and group catalogs, we select galaxies that do not belong to groups in filaments. The filament member galaxies are then defined as those located within 3.5 scale length from the filament spine. The filaments are mainly (~86%) composed of low-mass dwarf galaxies of logh2M∗/M⊙ < 9 dominantly located on the blue cloud in color-magnitude diagrams. We observe that the g - r color and stellar mass of galaxies correlate with their vertical distance from the filament spine in which the color becomes red and stellar mass decreases with increasing vertical filament distance. The galaxies were divided into two subsamples in different stellar mass ranges, with lower-mass (logh2M∗/M⊙ ≤ 8) galaxies showing a clear negative g-r color gradient, whereas higher-mass (logh2M∗/M⊙ > 8) galaxies have a flat distribution against the vertical filament distance. We observe a negative EW(Hα) gradient for higher-mass galaxies, whereas lower-mass galaxies show no distinct variation in EW(Hα) against the vertical filament distance. In contrast, the NUV - r color distribution of higher-mass galaxies shows no strong dependence on the vertical filament distance, whereas the lower-mass galaxies show a distinct negative NUV - r color gradient. We do not witness clear gradients of HI fraction in either the higher- or lower-mass subsamples. We propose that the negative color and stellar mass gradients of galaxies can be explained by mass assembly from past galaxy mergers at different vertical filament distances. In addition, galaxy interactions might be responsible for the contrasting features of EW(Hα) and NUV - r color distributions between the higher- and lower-mass subsamples. The HI fraction distributions of the two subsamples suggest that ram-pressure stripping and gas accretion could be ignorable processes in the Virgo filaments.