• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.355-360
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• 2004

본 연구는 축우의 모색발현에 관여하는 MC1R, MGF 및 TYRP1 3종류의 모색 유전자의 PCR-RFLP marker를 이용하여 쇠고기 품종 판별기술을 개발하고자 수행하였다. MC1R 유전자의 104번째 아미노산을 지정하는 codon에 GGT 염기를 갖고 있는 Holstein 젖소와 Angus 육우는 제한효소 인지부위가 존재하여 537 bp증폭산물이 절단되어 329와 208bp 두개의 band가 검출되었으나 한우에서는 GTG로 G 염기가 T염기로 치환됨으로써 제한효소 인식부위가 소실되어 537 bp의 단일 bind 만이 검출되었다. 따라서, 이처럼 MC1R 모색유전자의 품종 간 특정 염기서열의 차이가 곧 특정 제한효소의 염기 서열상의 인지 부위 차이를 가져와 한우와 Holstein 젖소 및 Angus 육우 품종간의 RFLP 유전자형 출현에 확실한 차이가 인정되어 한우 품종에 특이적인 MC1R 유전자의 RFLP marker를 이용한 한우육 판별이 가능하였다. 또한, MGF 유전자의 RFLP 유전자형 출현빈도에서 한우는 r/r형이 75％로 출현율이 매우 높은 유전자형으로 분석된 반면 Hereford종은 R/R 형이 80％로 출현율이 매우 높았고 Holstein종과 Angus종은 R/r형이 100％ 출현함으로써 한우와 Holstein 및 수입육우 품종간의 MGF 유전자형 출현빈도에 뚜렷한 차이가 인정되었다. 한편, TYRP1 유전자의 RFLP유전자형을 분석한 결과 모든 품종에서 동일한 RFLP type이 검출되어 TYRP1 모색 유전자를 이용한 쇠고기 품종 구별은 불가능한 것으로 나타났다. 따라서, 소 모색 관련 MC1R과 MGF 두 유전자의 품종 특이적 PCR-RFLP 유전자형은 한우육과 국내산 Holstein젖소고기 및 Angus 수입육간의 품종을 식별하는데 매우 유용한 DNA marker로 이용될 수 있음이 확인되었다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제15권10호
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• pp.1395-1397
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• 2002

The tyrosinase gene was selected as a candidate for uncovering genetic mechanism causing 'black ear' coat color in rabbits. A PCR-SSCP detection method was established for the $881^A{\rightarrow}881^G$ mutation located in the central region of the tyrosinase gene between the CuA and CuB binding region signatures, and this was confirmed by sequencing and alignment. Fully consistent associations between the SNP and 'black ear' coat color were observed by analysis in a "black ear" pedigree and on 61 unrelated individuals. This SNP can serve as a molecular marker for use in "back ear" wool rabbit breeding.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제17권7호
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• pp.155-166
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• 2012

본 논문은 비마커 증강현실(Marker-less Augmented Reality)을 위한 색상 및 깊이 정보를 융합한 Mean-Shift 추적 알고리즘 기반 손 자세의 추정 기법을 제안한다. 기존 비마커 증강현실의 연구는 손을 검출하기 위해 단순한 실험 배경에서 피부색상 기반으로 손 영역을 검출한다. 그리고 손가락의 특징점을 검출하여 손의 자세를 추정하므로 카메라에서 검출할 수 있는 손 자세에 많은 제약이 따른다. 하지만, 본 논문은 3D 센서의 색상 및 깊이 정보를 융합한 Mean-Shift 추적 기법을 사용함으로써 복잡한 배경에서 손을 검출할 수 있으며 손 자세를 크게 제약하지 않고 손 영역의 중심점과 임의의 2점의 깊이 값만으로 정확한 손 자세를 추정한다. 제안하는 Mean Shift 추적 기법은 피부 색상정보만 사용하는 방법보다 약 50픽셀 이하의 거리 오차를 보였다. 그리고 증강실험에서 제안하는 손 자세 추정 방법은 복잡한 실험환경에서도 마커 기반 방법과 유사한 성능의 실험결과를 보였다.

• 산업공학
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.139-147
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• 1998

The purpose of this study is to survey colors of background, marker, and pointer being used in passenger car's combination meter, and to suggest ergonomic design guidelines of combination meter to enhance driver's readability. An experiment was conducted, in which colors of background, marker, and pointer were selected as independent variables, and reading time, reading error, and preference for combination meter were measured as dependent variables. Most of passenger cars sold in Korea were found to have combination meter with black background, while marker. The experimental results showed that reading time of combination meter with white background, black marker and point was shortest, reading error was lowest in combination meter with black background, yellow marker pointer, and preference for combination meter with white background, black marker and black or red pointer was highest. The results implied that combination meter with white background, black marker and black pointer should be used for comprehensively optimizing reading time, reading error, and preference for it. It was expected that these results could be used as valuable design guidelines when designing combination meter of passenger car.

• 원예과학기술지
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.108-120
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• 2017

Modern watermelon cultivars (Citrullus lanatus [Thunb.] Matsum.& Nakai var. lanatus) have fruits with diverse phenotypes, including fruit shape, rind patterns, and flesh color. Molecular markers enable efficient selection of plants harboring desirable phenotypes. In the present study, publicly available DNA markers tightly linked to fruit shape, rind stripe pattern, and flesh color were evaluated using 85 watermelon accessions with diverse fruit phenotypes. For fruit shape, the dCAPS SUN - Cla011257 marker revealed an 81% of marker - trait match for accessions with elongated or round fruits. For rind stripe pattern, the SCAR wsb6-11marker was effective for selecting Jubilee-type rind pattern from other rind patterns. For flesh color, the Clcyb.600 and Lcyb markers derived from a mutation in the Lycopene ${\beta}$ - cyclase (Lcyb) gene, were effective at selecting red or yellow flesh. Forty-eight accessions possessing diverse fruit - related traits were selected as a reference array and their genetic relationships assessed using 16 SSR markers. At a coefficient of 0.11, the 48 accessions grouped into two major clades: Clade I and Clade II. Clade I subdivided further into subclades I - 1 and I - 2 at a coefficient of 0.39. All accessions with colored flesh were classified into Clade I, whereas those with white - flesh were classified into Clade II. Differences in fruit traits between subclades I - 1 and I - 2 were observed for rind pattern and fruit color; a majority of the accessions with Crimson-type striped or non-striped rind were grouped together in subclade I - 1, while most accessions in subclade I - 2 had a Jubilee - type rind stripe pattern. These results imply that reference array watermelon accessions possess distinguishable genetic structure based on rind stripe pattern. However, no significant grouping pattern was observed based on other fruit-related traits.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제32권12B호
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• pp.735-742
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• 2007

본 논문에서는 DiffServ 네트워크에서 비디오 스트리밍 서비스의 품질을 보장하기 위한 적용방법의 하나로서 채널변화에 적응적인 패킷 사전 마킹 알고리듬을 제시하였다. 전통적인 패킷 마커들이나 기존에 제안된 TMS(Two Marker System, ETBTCM)은 다수의 비디오 소스가 존재하는 네트워크 상황에서는 혼잡현상 발생 시 패킷내에 포함된 비디오 정보의 중요도에 대한 고려 없이 패킷이 드롭되는 문제점을 가지고 있다. 이러한 문제점을 해결하기 위해 본 논문에서는 적응적 사전마킹 알고리듬을 제안하였다. 제안 알고리듬에서는 네트워크의 채널상태와 GOP내에서의 전송 프레임의 중요도를 고려하여 확률적으로 패킷 드롭 우선순위를 결정하여 이를 서버 단에서 사전에 마킹 하게 된다. 이를 통하여 다수의 비디오 트래픽간의 경쟁이 발생한 상황에서도 화질 저하를 최소화 되도록 할 수 있다.

• 약학회지
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• 제50권5호
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• pp.313-321
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• 2006

There are three kinds of liquid petroleum marker which is extracted by the basic or acidic, and both developer. Korean marker, Unimark 1494 DB (marker) have been spectrophotometrically analysed by the determination of absorbance at 582 nm after base extraction by Unimark 1494 DB Developer C-5 (developer). Some blue dyes which have same reactive radical of marker and can be changed deep blue color in base developer extraction (BDE), may be increased absorbance at 582 nm, but dyes or markers which can be increased the absorbance, were not unclear. In this experiment, effects of three dyes or marker such as Orimax Green 151 (the mixture of CI Solvent Yellow 16 and CI Solvent Blue 70), quinizarin and Orimax Blue 2N (CI Solvent Blue 35), and two solvent such as topasol (P-250) and lubricant (P-8) on the absorbance were studied by HITACHI Recording Spectrophotometer U-3300. It shows that all of them increased absorbance at 582 nm after BDE. Absorbance at 582 nm can be showed 0.0544 by Orimax Green 151 at the concentration of 3.96 mg/l, quinizarin at the concentration of 1.38 mg/l, and Orimax Blue 2N at the concentration of 2.73 mg/l in the artificial petroleum (normal diesel oil: topasol: lubricant=2 : 4: 4), respectively. Absorbance, 0.0544 indicates that concentration of marker is 1.64 mg/l in the reference curves, respectively. And also these results can be showed that the artificial petroleum have about 10% cheep fuel such as kerosene which have marker (16.0 mg/l). Absorbance of P-250 was 0.01361-0.22842 depending upon the purchasing date, and that of P-8 was 0.05644. pH of developer was 14.83, and so this result indicates that Unimark 1494 DB is a base extractable petroleum marker, phenylazophenol (US Patent No. 5,252,106). In the BDE, the slight color of Orimax Blue 2N, Orimax Green 151 and quinizarin in artificial petroleum changed to deep bright blue color, respectively. These result indicate that the absorbance at 582 nm by BDE may be increased not only by azo, diazo, amine and ketone (anthraquinone, coumarin) dyes or markers, but also the contaminants of P-250 and P-8 which have same as reactive radical of dyes or markers.

• Journal of information and communication convergence engineering
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• 제1권3호
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• pp.123-128
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• 2003

This paper has addressed the implementation of the single rate Rate Adaptive Shaper(srRAS) described in RFC2963. This shaper has been proposed to use at the ingress of differentiated services networks providing Assured Forwarding Per Hop Behavior (AFPHB). srRAS is typically used in conjunction with single rate Three Color Marker(srTCM) described in RFC2697. srRAS itself is the tail-drop FIFO that is drained at a variable rate, and srTCM is the marker with metering function. G-srRAS is the same as srRAS except that RAS receives the green token state information from the downstream srTCM to avoid delaying a packet in RAS although there are sufficient tokens available to color the packet green. In this paper, we have addressed the algorithm and the architecture of srRAS, and the scheme to implement srRAS using VHDL(Very high-speed integrated circuit Hardware Description Language) and its related tools.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.338-350
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• 2008

The differentiated services (DiffServ) is proposed to provide packet level service differentiations in a scalable manner. To provide an end-to-end service differentiation to users having a connection over multiple domains, as well as a flow marker, an intermediate marker is necessary at the edge routers, and it should not be operated at a flow level due to a scalability problem. Due to this operation requirement, the intermediate marker has a fairness problem among the transmission control protocol (TCP) flows since TCP flows have intrinsically unfair throughputs due to the TCP's congestion control algorithm. Moreover, it is very difficult to resolve this problem without individual flow state information such as round trip time (RTT) and sending rate of each flow. In this paper, to resolve this TCP fairness problem of an intermediate marker, we propose a fair scalable marker (FSM) as an intermediate marker which works with a source flow three color marker (sf-TCM) operating as a host source marker. The proposed fair scalable marker improves the fairness among the TCP flows with different RTTs without per-flow management. Through the simulations, we show that the FSM can improve TCP fairness as well as link utilization in multiple domain DiffServ networks.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.192-197
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• 2007

Bulb color in onions (Allium cepa) is an important trait whose complex inheritance mechanism involves epistatic interactions among major color-related loci. Recent studies revealed that inactivation of dihydroflavonol 4-reductase (DFR) in the anthocyanin synthesis pathway was responsible for the color differences between yellow and red onions, and two recessive alleles of the anthocyanidin synthase (ANS) gene were responsible for a pink bulb color. Based on mutations in the recessive alleles of these two genes, PCR-based markers for allelic selection were developed. In this study, genotype analysis of onions from segregating populations was carried out using these PCR-based markers. Segregating populations were derived from the cross between yellow and red onions. Five yellow and thirteen pink bulbs from one segregating breeding line were genotyped for the two genes. Four pink bulbs were heterozygous for the DFR gene, which explains the continuous segregation of yellow and pink colors in this line. Most pink onions were homozygous recessive for the ANS gene, except for two heterozygotes. This finding indicated that the homozygous recessive ANS gene was primarily responsible for the pink color in this line. The two pink onions, heterozygous for the ANS gene, were also heterozygous for the DFR gene, which indicated that the pink color was produced by incomplete dominance of a red color gene over that of yellow. One pink line and six other segregating breeding lines were also analyzed. The genotyping results matched perfectly with phenotypic color segregation.