• 한국정보과학회논문지:소프트웨어및응용
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.62-73
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• 2000

본 논문에서는 기존의 칼라 특성을 이용한 내용 기반 영상 검색 방법을 적용 영역별로 분류 할 수 있는 기준을 제시하고, 그 기준에 의해 영상 내 공간 정보를 충분하게 표현할 수 있어 이동 및 회전 확대/축소 변형에 강한 영상 검색 방법을 제안한다. 일반적으로 칼라 특성을 이용한 내용 기반 영상 검색은 영상 내 공간정보를 충분하게 표현하지 못하여 이동 및 회전, 확대/축소 변형에 약한 단점을 지니고 있다. 이에 기존 연구에서는 인위적으로 영상을 여러 개로 분할하는 방법 등으로 공간 정보를 표현하고자 하였지만 특징 벡터의 수가 급격히 늘어남에 따라 검색 효율이 저하된다는 단점을 가지고있다. 본 논문에서는 기존의 방법을 사용된 칼라 객체의 상호 관계에 따라 1차와 2차 관계에 의한 방법으로 분류하고, 이동, 회전 특히 크기 변화(축소,확대)에 탁월한 성능을 보이는 칼라 객체의 3차 관계를 이용한 방법을 제안한다. 제안된 방법은 주어진 영상으로부터 양자화된 24개의 버킷을 생성해서 각 버킷의 히스토그램의 크기 순서로 세 개 버킷을 선정하고 그들의 평균 칼라 위치를 계산해서 그들 간의 상호 각도를 추출하여 영상의 특징 벡터로 사용하였다. 실험 결과 기존 방법보다 특히 영상의 크기 변화에 대해 좋은 결과를 얻을수 있었으며, 계산량도 적어 효율적임을 보여 주었다.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 제어로봇시스템학회 2003년도 ICCAS
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• pp.783-788
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• 2003

In this paper, we present a new approach to detect and recognize human face in the image from vision camera equipped on the mobile robot platform. Due to the mobility of camera platform, obtained facial image is small and pose-various. For this condition, new algorithm should cope with these constraints and can detect and recognize face in nearly real time. In detection step, ‘coarse to fine’ detection strategy is used. Firstly, region boundary including face is roughly located by dual ellipse templates of facial color and on this region, the locations of three main facial features- two eyes and mouth-are estimated. For this, simplified facial feature maps using characteristic chrominance are made out and candidate pixels are segmented as eye or mouth pixels group. These candidate facial features are verified whether the length and orientation of feature pairs are suitable for face geometry. In recognition step, pseudo-convex hull area of gray face image is defined which area includes feature triangle connecting two eyes and mouth. And random lattice line set are composed and laid on this convex hull area, and then 2D appearance of this area is represented. From these procedures, facial information of detected face is obtained and face DB images are similarly processed for each person class. Based on facial information of these areas, distance measure of match of lattice lines is calculated and face image is recognized using this measure as a classifier. This proposed detection and recognition algorithms overcome the constraints of previous approach [15], make real-time face detection and recognition possible, and guarantee the correct recognition irregardless of some pose variation of face. The usefulness at mobile robot application is demonstrated.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• 제21권8호
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• pp.288-296
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• 2021

Automated face recognition in a runtime environment is gaining more and more important in the fields of surveillance and urban security. This is a difficult task keeping in mind the constantly volatile image landscape with varying features and attributes. For a system to be beneficial in industrial settings, it is pertinent that its efficiency isn't compromised when running on roads, intersections, and busy streets. However, recognition in such uncontrolled circumstances is a major problem in real-life applications. In this paper, the main problem of face recognition in which full face is not visible (Occlusion). This is a common occurrence as any person can change his features by wearing a scarf, sunglass or by merely growing a mustache or beard. Such types of discrepancies in facial appearance are frequently stumbled upon in an uncontrolled circumstance and possibly will be a reason to the security systems which are based upon face recognition. These types of variations are very common in a real-life environment. It has been analyzed that it has been studied less in literature but now researchers have a major focus on this type of variation. Existing state-of-the-art techniques suffer from several limitations. Most significant amongst them are low level of usability and poor response time in case of any calamity. In this paper, an improved face recognition system is developed to solve the problem of occlusion known as FRS-OCC. To build the FRS-OCC system, the color and texture features are used and then an incremental learning algorithm (Learn++) to select more informative features. Afterward, the trained stack-based autoencoder (SAE) deep learning algorithm is used to recognize a human face. Overall, the FRS-OCC system is used to introduce such algorithms which enhance the response time to guarantee a benchmark quality of service in any situation. To test and evaluate the performance of the proposed FRS-OCC system, the AR face dataset is utilized. On average, the FRS-OCC system is outperformed and achieved SE of 98.82%, SP of 98.49%, AC of 98.76% and AUC of 0.9995 compared to other state-of-the-art methods. The obtained results indicate that the FRS-OCC system can be used in any surveillance application.

• 제어로봇시스템학회논문지
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• 제20권11호
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• pp.1098-1102
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• 2014

Localization of aerial vehicles and map building of flight environments are key technologies for the autonomous flight of small UAVs. In outdoor environments, an unmanned aircraft can easily use a GPS (Global Positioning System) for its localization with acceptable accuracy. However, as the GPS is not available for use in indoor environments, the development of a SLAM (Simultaneous Localization and Mapping) system that is suitable for small UAVs is therefore needed. In this paper, we suggest a vision-based SLAM system that uses vision sensors and an AHRS (Attitude Heading Reference System) sensor. Feature points in images captured from the vision sensor are obtained by using GPU (Graphics Process Unit) based SIFT (Scale-invariant Feature Transform) algorithm. Those feature points are then combined with attitude information obtained from the AHRS to estimate the position of the small UAV. Based on the location information and color distribution, a Gaussian process model is generated, which could be a map. The experimental results show that the position of a small unmanned aircraft is estimated properly and the map of the environment is constructed by using the proposed method. Finally, the reliability of the proposed method is verified by comparing the difference between the estimated values and the actual values.

• 제어로봇시스템학회논문지
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• 제13권9호
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• pp.868-874
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• 2007

This paper proposes an efficient partial matching system and representation by using a region-based method for 2D image, and we applied to an extraction of the ROI(Region of Interest) according to its matching score. The matching templates consist of the global pattern and the local one. The global pattern can make it by using region-based relation between center region and its rest regions in an object. And, the local pattern can be obtained appling to the same method as global, except relation between objects. As the templates can be normalized, we use this templates for extraction of ROI with invariant to size and position. And, our system operates only one try to match, due to normalizing of region size. To use our system for searching and examining if it's the ROI by evaluating the matching function, at first, we are searching to find candidate regions with the global template. Then, we try to find the ROI among the candidates, and it works this time by using the local template. We experimented to the binary and the color image respectively, they showed that the proposed system can be used efficiently for representing of the template and the useful applications, such as partially retrievals of 2D image.

• 한국농업기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국농업기계학회 2000년도 THE THIRD INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON AGRICULTURAL MACHINERY ENGINEERING. V.II
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• pp.279-286
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• 2000

The objective of this research is to detect the papaya fruits on tree in an orchard. The detection of papaya on natural background is difficult because colors of fruits and background such as leaves are similarly green. We cannot separate it from leaves by color information. Therefore, this research will use shape information instead. First, we detect an interested object by detecting its boundary using edge detection technique. However, the edge detection will detect every objects boundary in the image. Therefore, shape description technique will be used to describe which one is the interested object boundary. The good shape description should be invariant in scaling, rotating, and translating. The successful concept is to use Fourier series, which is called "Fourier Descriptors". Elliptic Fourier Descriptors can completely represent any shape, which is selected to describe the shape of papaya. From the edge detection image, it takes a long time to match every boundary directly. The pre-processing task will reduce non-papaya edge to speed up matching time. The deformable template is used to optimize the matching. Then, clustering the similar shapes by the distance between each centroid, papaya can be completely detected from the background.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.213-231
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• 2014

Existing image search systems allow users to search images by keywords, or by example images through content-based image retrieval (CBIR). On the other hand, users might learn more relevant textual information about an image from its text captions or surrounding contexts within documents or Web pages. Without such contexts, it's difficult to extract semantic description directly from the image content. In this paper, we propose an annotation watermarking system for users to embed text descriptions, and retrieve more relevant textual information from similar images. First, tags associated with an image are converted by two-dimensional code and embedded into the image by discrete wavelet transform (DWT). Next, for images without annotations, similar images can be obtained by CBIR techniques and embedded annotations can be extracted. Specifically, we use global features such as color ratios and dominant sub-image colors for preliminary filtering. Then, local features such as Scale-Invariant Feature Transform (SIFT) descriptors are extracted for similarity matching. This design can achieve good effectiveness with reasonable processing time in practical systems. Our experimental results showed good accuracy in retrieving similar images and extracting relevant tags from similar images.

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.504-516
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• 2011

In this paper, we will present a method to detect human hand and recognize hand gesture. For detecting the hand region, we use the feature of human skin color and hand feature (with boundary complexity) to detect the hand region from the input image; and use algorithm of optical flow to track the hand movement. Hand gesture recognition is composed of two parts: 1. Posture recognition and 2. Motion recognition, for describing the hand posture feature, we employ the Fourier descriptor method because it's rotation invariant. And we employ PCA method to extract the feature among gesture frames sequences. The HMM method will finally be used to recognize these feature to make a final decision of a hand gesture. Through the experiment, we can see that our proposed method can achieve 99% recognition rate at environment with simple background and no face region together, and reduce to 89.5% at the environment with complex background and with face region. These results can illustrate that the proposed algorithm can be applied as a production.

• 한국산업정보학회논문지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.69-79
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• 2008

무선 인터넷과 모바일 기기의 보급으로 언제 어디서나 원하는 정보를 얻을 수 있는 유비쿼터스 환경을 위한 인프라가 구축되면서 교육을 포함한 다양한 분야에서 오프라인과 온라인 컨텐츠를 동시에 이용함으로써 정보 전달의 효율성을 높일 수 있는 방법에 대한 연구가 활발하게 이루어지고 있다. 본 논문은 사용자에게 모바일 기기를 이용하여 오프라인과 온라인 컨텐츠를 함께 제공하여 교육의 효과를 높일 수 있는 혼합형 모바일 교육 시스템(Mixed Mobile Education System: MME)을 제안한다. 제안된 시스템은 기존의 연구와 달리 사용자에게 자연스러운 환경을 제공하기 위해서 부가적인 태그를 사용하지 않는다. 태그를 사용하는 시스템의 경우 새로운 데이터의 등록이 어렵고 유사한 내용의 오프라인 컨텐츠 사용이 불가능하기 때문이다. 본 논문에서 우리는 저화질의 카메라를 통해 입력받은 영상에서 잡음 색상 왜곡, 크기 및 기울기 변화에 영향을 적게 받는 특징점을 추출하고 오프라인 컨텐츠를 인식하기 위해 Scale Invariant Feature Transform(SIFT) 알고리즘을 사용하였다. 또한 클라이언트-서버 구조를 사용함으로써 모바일 장치의 제한적인 저장 능력 문제를 해결하고 데이터의 등록 및 수정이 용이하도록 하였다. 실험을 통해 기존의 흔합형 교육 시스템과의 성능을 비교하고 제안된 시스템의 장단점을 확인하였으며, 시스템을 실생활에 적용하였을 경우 다양한 상황에서도 사용자에게 만족할만한 성능을 제공함을 확인하였다.

• 전자공학회논문지SC
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• 제43권5호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2006

대부분의 영상을 이용한 물체추적은 적용환경을 단순화하거나 특정한 영상특징만을 적용할 수 있는 제한된 환경에서 잘 동작하기 때문에 이러한 물체추적방법은 지능자동차의 운전자보조시스템이 적용되는 복잡하고 동적인 교통 환경에서 원하는 물체를 추적하기는 어렵다. 이와 같은 물체간의 부분적인 교합이 존재하고 배경과 물체들이 동시에 동적으로 변하는 복잡한 환경에서는 물체의 색상, 외관, 외형 등과 같은 다양한 영상특징들을 적절하게 융합할 수 있는 구조가 요구된다. 본 논문에서는 기존의 파티클 필터를 이용한 적응형 융합구조[1]와 SIFT[2]를 이용한 영상특징 기술자를 강인한 영상특징으로 사용하고 시점 배경의 동적인 변화에 적응할 수 있도록 학습함으로써 추적의 강건성과 적응성을 향상시킨다. 제안된 알고리듬은 운전자 보조 시스템에서의 차량, 보행자, 자전거와 같은 도로상의 물체추적에 적용하였다.