• 천문학회보
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• 제46권2호
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• pp.50.1-50.1
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• 2021

The Gaia mission opens a new window to study the kinematics and dynamics of young stellar systems in detail. The kinematic properties of young stars provide vital constraints on the formation process of their host systems. Here, we present a kinematic study of the two associations Monoceros OB1 (Mon OB1) and R1 (Mon R1). Member candidates are first selected from the published list of member candidates, a compilation of OB star catalogues, and the classification of young stellar objects with the AllWISE data. According to the conventional wisdom, we selected a total of 728 members with similar proper motions at almost the same distance. Mon OB1 and Mon R1 have high levels of substructures that are also kinematically distinct. We identify six stellar groups in these associations, of which five show a pattern of expansion. In addition, the signature of rotation is found in two stellar groups of Mon OB1. Star formation history is inferred from a color-magnitude diagram. As a result, star formation in Mon OB1 has been sustained for several million years, while Mon R1 formed at almost the same epoch as the recent star formation in Mon OB1. Some old members in the outskirt of Mon OB1 have outward motions, which rules out the previously proposed outside-in star formation scenario. Star-forming regions including Mon OB1 and Mon R1 are found along a large arc-like gas structure. Hence, the formation of these two associations may originate from the hierarchical star formation along filaments in a turbulent molecular cloud.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제35권7호
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• pp.881-885
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• 2006

Glucose-glutamine 모델반응에서 생성물의 종류와 갈변에 의한 색의 변화를 조사하기 위하여, 가열조건을 125, 150 및 $175^{\circ}C$에서 각각 10, 20 및 30분간 가열하고 반응물의 색을 Hunter colorimeter로 측정한 후, ethyl acetate로 추출하여 GC/MS로 생성물을 분석하였다. GC/MS 분석에서 acetic acid, butanoic acid, 2-butenoic acid, di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, 2,3-dihydro-3.5-dihydroxy-6-methyl-4H-pyran-4-one 및 5-hydroxymethylfurfural의 6종의 다량 생성물과 1,3-dimethylbenzene, 2-ethylhexanol, fufural, 5-methylfurfural, 2-pyrrolidinone 그리고 2,6-di(t-butly)-4-hydroxy-4-methyl-2,5-cyclohexadien-1-one 6종의 미량 생성물이 확인되었다. 최대 생성물인 acetic acid와 미량 생성물인 2-ethylhexanol 및 2-pyrrolidinone은 온도 및 가열시간의 경과에 따라 전반적으로 증가하였으나, 그 외 9종의 화합물을은 $125^{\circ}C$부터 생성량이 증가하지만 $150^{\circ}C$ 또는 $175^{\circ}C$를 정점으로 그 이상 온도, 또는 가열시간을 증가할수록 생성량은 감소하였다. 반응생성물이 Hunter $L^*$값은 온도 및 시간의 증가에 따라 지속적으로 감소하여 암색이 반응의 최종산물에 의한 색으로 나타났으며, $a^*$ 및 $b^*$은 $125^{\circ}C$에서 낮고 $150^{\circ}C$ 또는 $175^{\circ}C$, 10분에서 최고점을 나타낸 후 온도 및 시간의 증가에 따라 감소하여 적색과 황색은 반응 중간생성물에 의한 발현이며 반응후기에는 고분자의 화합물에 고착되어 암색을 발현하는 것으로 추정되었으며, 가열조건의 변화에 따른 $a^*$ 및 $b^*$값의 변화는 앞서 언급한 9종 화합물들의 생성 변화와 유사하였다.

• 문화기술의 융합
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.343-348
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• 2024

오늘날 AI 이미지 생성 프로그램은 패션 상품 광고, 맞춤형 패션 스타일 제안, 디자인 개발 등 패션 산업 분야의 세분화된 목적에 알맞게 개발되고 있다. 한편 색상은 강력한 조형 요소로서 상품이나 패션 스타일 제안을 위한 이미지 표현에 중요한 역할을 한다. 본 연구는 AI 이미지 생성 도구 중에서 미드저니를 사용하여 생성한 의상 이미지에 나타나는 색상과 배색 관계에 중점을 두어 그 특징을 파악함으로써 미드저니의 활용에 대한 이해를 넓히고자 한다. 본 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 미드저니에서 생성한 초기의 이미지는 명령어에 지시한 색상보다 이미지 생성을 위하여 사용한 기존의 이미지 색상에 더 의존적으로 반영되어 나타난다. 둘째, 미드저니에서 생성된 이미지의 의상에 나타난 배색의 특징은 의상의 구조에 따라 구분되는 부위별로 다른 색상이 표현된 분리배색과 의상의 한 부위에 다른 색상들이 무늬 형태로 표현된 혼합배색이 생성된다. 분리배색에 표현된 색상들의 비율은 명령어에 지시한 색상 순서의 영향을 받는다. 혼합배색에 조합되어 나타난 색상 수는 미드저니에서 이미지 생성을 위하여 사용한 기존의 이미지 속 의상의 색상 수와 명령어에 지시한 색상 수의 총합보다 적은 수의 색상으로 조합되어 나타난다. 셋째, 미드저니는 생성하는 이미지의 배경도 색상 표현을 위한 대상으로 인식하며 이에 따른 배경색의 변화는 이미지 속의 의상에 대한 사용자의 색지각과 의상 이미지 형성에 영향을 미칠 수 있으므로 주의가 필요하다. 본 연구 결과가 패션디자인 교육과 실무에 있어 미드저니에서 생성되는 이미지의 색상 배색에 대한 이해를 넓히고 이를 통하여 미드저니의 활용에 도움이 되기를 기대한다.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.91-103
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• 1980

In spite of the fact that the Okcheon system has been rather intensively studied by many geologists since 1945, it still remains as a controversal problem as to its stratigraphy and geologic age. Present study has mainly focused on the upper members of the Okcheon system, namely the Hwanggangri and the Kunjasan formations so as to clarify the lithology, the depositional environment and the tectonic evolution of the formations. The Kunjasan formation lying unconformably over the Hwanggangri formation which is supposed to be a meta-tillite is interpreted as a metamorphosed calcareous argillaceous and/or arenaceous sediments on contract to the idea postulated by some geologists that it was a derivative of silicified Hwanggangri formation. Lithology of the Kunjasan and the Hwanggangri formation is quite different in that the former is white in color, contains few pebbles, and mostly composed of diopside and detrital quartz, whereas the latter is black to dark in color, contains abundant and variable kinds of pebbles, and composed of more argillacous matrix that has been metamorphosed to hornfels. The Hwanggangri and the Kunjasan formations were deposited in the rather deep sea which has transgressed toward northeast from southwest in the late Precambrian time, and the writer (1970) had formerly designated it as Okcheon Paleogeosyncline. With the beginning of Paleozoic era, Okcheon neogeogyncline was formed to the northeast of the old paleogeogyncline area. The transgression of the sea had proceeded toward southwest in which Cambrian strata were accumulated. During this period the area occupied formerly by the paleogeosyncline was uplifted, so that most of the Hwanggangri and the Kunjasan formations were eroded away except in the area close to the neogeosyncline sea coast. This is the reason why the Hwanggangri and the Kunjasan formations are cropped out presently in the area of the vicinity of contact zone of the paleo- and neogeosyncline zones. The age of the Okcheon system has been reconfirmed to be Precambrian from the view of the facts that 1) the Hanggangri formation, the upper member of the Okcheon system is meta-tillite and correlated to the Precambrian tillite in the Yantze basin in China, 2) the Okcheon system has been moderately metamorphosed while other formations of the same age, if it is Paleozoic or later, have not been metamorphosed, and 3) tectonic history and limited areal distribution of the Hwanggangri and the Kunjasan formations is suggestive of Precambian age.

• 천문학회보
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.81-81
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• 2012

Since the ultraviolet (UV) flux of an integrated population is a good tracer of recent star formation activities, UV observations provide an important constraint on star formation history (SFH) in galaxies. We present UV color-magnitude relations (CMRs) of early-type dwarf galaxies in the Virgo cluster, based on Galaxy Evolution Explorer (GALEX) UV data and the Extended Virgo Cluster Catalog (EVCC, Kim, S. in prep.). The EVCC covers an area 5.4 times larger (750 deg2) than the footprint of the classical Virgo cluster catalog by Binggeli and collaborators. We secure 1304 galaxies as members of the Virgo cluster and 526 galaxies of them are new objects not contained in the VCC. Morphological classification of galaxies in the EVCC is based on the optical image ("Primary Classification") and spectral feature ("Secondary Classification") of the SDSS data. We find that dwarf lenticular galaxies (dS0s) show a surprisingly distinct and tight locus separated from that of ordinary dwarf elliptical galaxies (dEs), which is not clearly seen in previous CMRs. The dS0s in UV CMRs follow a steeper sequence than dEs and show bluer UV-optical color at a given magnitude. Most early type dwarf galaxies with blue UV colors (FUV-r < 6 and NUV-r < 4) are identified as those showing spectroscopic hints of recent or ongoing star formation activities. We explore the observed CMRs with population models of a luminosity-dependent delayed exponential star formation history. The observed CMR of dS0s is well matched with models with relatively long delayed star formation. Our results suggest that dS0s are most likely transitional objects at the stage of subsequent transformation of late-type progenitors to ordinary red dEs in the cluster environment. In any case, UV photometry provides a powerful tool to disentangle the diverse subpopulations of early-type dwarf galaxies and uncover their evolutionary histories.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제30권9_10호
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• pp.1400-1412
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• 2006

As PB market segments into premium market, PBs were drawing attentions in terms of creating profits as well as a means to differentiate building up store identity. The purpose of this study makes a comparative study on the difference of consumer attitude formation process in discount store and home-shopping distribution channel which are recently on the upswing. This paper investigated the consumer's attitude formation on the private apparel brand. Subjects of this study were consumers in their $20s{\sim}40s$ who are main customer groups of PBs. The data were analyzed by Structural Equation Modeling and Multi-Group Analysis of Amos 5.0 to verify the difference of the path between store PB and premium PB. Following are the results of the study. Consumer attitude formation path on PB grades showed statistically noticeable difference. In discount store PB, store evaluation didn't directly influence on consumer attitude formation but showed indirect effect. On the other hand, in home shopping premium PB case, product evaluation directly influenced on consumer attitudes with store evaluation. Hedonic attitude dimension connected with behavioral attitude(purchase intention) revealed difference in path. Also consumer's evaluation on variables in model turned out to be different according to brand grade.

• 영미문화
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.141-167
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• 2014

The macro structural perspective of how race was formed nationally, politically, and socially has greatly contributed in revealing the ills of racialism until now, likewise, the dichotomous form of Asian-American literature corresponding to such perspective has made great contribution in awakening people's awareness of race. While acknowledging the contribution of such macro perspectives, we must take note that today's racialism is becoming materialized in different aspects. The tendency of present racial formation is that the recognition of race is spread out lightly but widely in everyday lives and is revealed through the perception of our body. While publicly stating that society is color-blind and inequality significantly resolved, racialism emerges in the personal and everyday aspects. Not erased but diluted and spread out more widely, and the more diluted, harder to erase, racialism has penetrated into the perception of our lives. Racialism works not as a conspicuous discrimination but as a common sense that is 'naturally' absorbed into our perception and perspective. Chang Rae Lee's Aloft shows the process of such racial formation in our age of hybridization. This study tries to clarify why present racial formation must be analyzed in the macro perceptual perspective and show how the racial perception in the narrative of the white dominant narrator, Jerry, becomes the field where he lives and how it is spread through his perception. Through the theories of Judith Butler and Linda M. Alcoff, this study analyzes how people are got to self-identification with the racialization through reiteration and what the relationship is between racial formation and the subject's performativity in Aloft. The study concludes that revealing such current processes of racial formation perceptively is not thinking it 'natural' and inevitable but the process of bringing about a change in it.

• IEIE Transactions on Smart Processing and Computing
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.85-92
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• 2017

This paper presents a dehazing method based on a fuzzy membership function and variational method. The proposed algorithm consists of three steps: i) estimate transmission through a pixel-based operation using a fuzzy membership function, ii) refine the transmission using an L1-norm-based regularization method, and iii) obtain the result of haze removal based on a hazy image formation model using the refined transmission. In order to prevent color distortion of the sky region seen in conventional methods, we use a trapezoid-type fuzzy membership function. The proposed method acquires high-quality images without halo artifacts and loss of color contrast.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.175-180
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• 2001

The quality characteristics of bread prepared with the addition of dried persimmon peel powder(PPP) were investigated. Visco-elastic characteristics of dough and texture of bread added PPP was examined by rapid visco-analyzer and texture analyzer. The maximum viscosity of the dough with PPP was lower than that of control at 90$\^{C}$. Final viscosity after cooling to 50$\^{C}$, viscosity of control increased to 134 B.U., but that of the dough with PPP showed 13∼37 B.U. As more PPP was added, gluten formation and mixing time dough were longer. Adhesiveness, springness, cohesiveness and chewiness gradually increased as PPP content increased, while the hardness decreased. Lightness value decreased but redness and yellowness values increased with the addition of PPP, especially, the bread made by 15% PPP treatment showed dark brown color. In sensory evaluation of bread, score of color decreased significantly as more PPP was added but overall acceptability was not significant different(p<0.05) between control and 5% PPP treatment. It is considered that the addition of 5% was appropriate for bread making with PPP.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제47권3호
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• pp.237-243
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• 2010

This research examines using Rice Husk Ash, $Cr_2O_3$ in producing the pink-red color. It studies the formation of cassiterite and malayaite crystallites, the primary factors in producing the pink-red color, in relation to the application of $Cr_2O_3$ to examine its coloring mechanism. In addition, the research intends to identify the optimum synthesizing temperature and maintaining time for crystallization of malayaite, a stable pink-red colorization factor in high temperature glaze during $Cr_2O_3$-$SnO_2$-CaO-$SiO_2$ family pigment synthesis. The optimum substituting contents is Rice Husk Ash : Quartz = 1 : 2, and the optimum temperature is suggested at $1300^{\circ}C$ for 2 h based on analysis results by XRD, FT-IR, Raman microscope, SEM and UV-vis.