• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
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• v.44 no.6
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• pp.35-46
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• 2007

This paper proposes a six-color separation method of reducing unnecessary usage of colorants based on the limitation of total colorant amount and dot visibility ordering. First, the CIELAB values of input RGB image are estimated through the color-mixing model and compared with pre-calculated CIELAB values corresponding to all combination of CMYKlclm colorants with a constraint of color difference, thereby selecting initial CMYKlclm candidates. Next, the limitation on total colorant amount Is imposed on initial CMYKlclm candidates to remove the excessive amounts of colorants, and then final CMYKlclm candidates are determined by minimizing the usage of light cyan and light magenta in the dark region based on the dot visibility ordering of C, M, Y, K, lc, and lm. Through the experiment, the proposed method is shown to reduce the excessive amount of colorants with preserving good image quality.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea CI
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• v.47 no.5
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• pp.1-9
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• 2010

Generally, dynamic hand gesture recognition is formed through preprocessing step, hand tracking step and hand shape detection step. In this paper, we present advanced dynamic hand gesture recognizing method that improves performance in preprocessing step and hand shape detection step. In preprocessing step, we remove noise fast by using dynamic table and detect skin color exactly on complex background for controling skin color range in skin color detection method using YCbCr color space. Especially, we increase recognizing speed in hand shape detection step through detecting Start Image and Stop Image, that are elements of dynamic hand gesture recognizing, using Guideline. Guideline is edge of input hand image and hand shape for comparing. We perform various experiments with nine web-cam video clips that are separated to complex background and simple background for dynamic hand gesture recognition method in the paper. The result of experiment shows similar recognition ratio but high recognition speed, low cpu usage, low memory usage than recognition method using learning exercise.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.36-42
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• 2020

Fenton process is one of the most effective advanced oxidation processes for the removal of pollutants from wastewater. In this study, while ferrous iron was used in conventional Fenton process (CFP); nano-sized iron(II, III) oxide was experienced in modified Fenton process (MFP) as a new catalyst alternative. In order to enhance their oxidation efficiencies, both CFP and MFP were combined with ultrasonication at 53 kHz fixed frequency. Thus, the influences of both catalyst iron species and ultrasonication on color and chemical oxygen demand (COD) removals from synthetic textile wastewater including Maxilon Red GRL 200% dyestuff were investigated experimentally. While the COD and color removal rates were found as 72.5% and 69.7% via CFP; they were 87% and 75.8% by ultrasonicated CFP, respectively. The color and COD removals were 40.6% and 64.8% via MFP, and 49.9 and 73.1% by ultrasonicated MFP, respectively. Therefore, it was found that the simultaneously usage of ultrasonication with CFP and MFP was improved the COD and color removal efficiencies and oxidation rates even at lower H₂O₂ dosages, compared to individual CFP and MFP. Moreover, the color and COD removal kinetics were also modelled mathematically and compared in the study.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.15 no.4 s.40
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• pp.381-392
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• 1991

The purpose of this is to investigate the color of Art Deco Fashion in Paris. (1920-1930) Through the age of Art Deco style, the enormous modern cities were built up and numerous life-constructions were designed conspiciously in Paris. Under this situation, the usage of the 'color' became very important element of design area and also it bestowed new form upon the modern design. The black beauty of Art Deco style was the outcomes of cubism, black-arts, and pragmatism. And the black beauty was regarded as the proper color to represent simplicity. Simplicity was the best way to express Art Deco style. The color and light of metal were used adequately to express a geometrical and streamline form; it was raised as a new beauty in this period. The primary colors were used to recognize the simplified forms effectively. New pastel colors, which signified differently with Art Nouveau were born centering around the Youth Culture like a summer resort and a sun bath. Also they expressed neon signs and atmosphere of beach by means of the tropical colors. At last the color of Art Deco style opened the new age. And it was started to use the various colors in design field from at this time.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.41-47
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to obtain basic materials to complement the 'time series table serving' by analyzing external color elements. We selected traditional Korean restaurants in two five-star hotels and two famous traditional Korean style restaurants and analyzed their colors and the coloration of the Korean table settings. The results are as follows. By using strong luminosity contrast, restaurant A made its customer focus on the food and used red as the principal point (highlighted) color. Desserts, which have small dimensions, were served in 'Buncheong' ware with 'bakji' method, which has strong contrast; this broke the color balance. The use of small patterned dishes with 'johwa' method would achieve color harmony. Restaurant B used a stronger color for the tables than the foods, making the point color inconspicuous. Lowering the brightness and saturation of the table color would be beneficial. In restaurant C, thick green napkins provided the point color, making the atmosphere of the restaurant dull and dark and interfering with the overall bright atmosphere of the restaurant. Using lower saturation, high luminosity, and yellowish colors would bring harmony to the overall atmosphere. In restaurant D, the point colors were divided into three groups; their diversification during the entire course of the meal made the flow of the meal more natural. However, the use of the violet color, which gives a cold feeling, in the middle of the meal courses broke the overall flow of warm color in the meal. Considering the already-present contrast between red and green, it would be better not to use the violet chrysanthemum in the course of the meal. As mentioned above, there are several issues in terms of the color arrangement, the usage of table pads, and the natural flow of colors. Those issues indicate the necessity for an overall plan for the banquet table set-up in terms of color.

• 한국HCI학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2008.02a
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• pp.697-702
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• 2008

Mobile display panel is small so that users are often difficult to perceive images clearly. About image we perceive much through colors and therefore we propose color fitting approach for clear perception even on the small and low quality LCD panels. Various color modifications have been studied and used in commercial software packages. For mobile usage, our approach instantly enhances color images by modifying colors in a way to contrast differences of them. The method includes tone enhancements (which contrast dark and bright sides) and color enhancements (which reduce saturation for pure colorants). Based on color theory, our method also modifies color values towards specified complementary and preference colors. We term this color fitting. This approach enables displaying photos, multimedia messages, videos and digital media broadcasting (DMB) for better perception in real-time on mobile devices. Index Terms.) color fitting, visualization on small display, mobile graphics, visual perception.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.825-837
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• 2007

To analyze the design of Christian Dior, 216 pieces of Dior's works were collected and studied from the COLLECTION(Seoul: Dong Ah TV) from 2003 to 2005. The result is as follows. In recent three year period, Christian Dior maintained the feminine image and implemented different additions such as sexy, ethnic, avant-garde and casual image in every season. Also, to reflect a new trend or fashion sense, images of ethnic, retro, hippie or vintage were applied. In using color, different main color(YR, R, Y, BG, RP, B) were chosen every season to pursue variations. For the pattern usage, feminine beauty was presented by numerous applications of flowered pattern. Also the practice of pattern and hue in different rations in every season pursued variations in design.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.435-443
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• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze the design identity visual elements of optical shop brand$\underline{s}$ in order to provide objective data necessary for optical shop brands' design development. Methods: This study examined the design identity concept of the optical shop brands and analyzed visual elements of brand design identity with a focus on the symbols of domestic franchise optical shops, type of a symbol mark, representation style of logo type, color usage, use or non-use of character, etc. Results: Many symbols were directly associated with the eyeglasses, such as eyeglasses and eyes, face and iris. Along with that, letters or figures were also observed. For the type of symbol, most types were found to have the designs that took spherical and word mark shapes. Particularly, the word mark type had English words more often than Korean words. For logo types, the gothic format was dominant. In relation to the thickness of letter, thick boldface type was commonly used. The combination of 2 degrees was the color frequency used most often in the optical shop brand design. For the frequency of color usage, black and red colors were used most often. Particularly, the orange color, as well as the black color, was also often used for the main color of symbols or logo types. Meanwhile, the characters were used only in some optical shop. Most characters were animals and expressed in the cartoon and graphical forms. Conclusions: Typifier, symbol mark, logo type, color, and character are the elements forming the basic development system for brand design identity. Systematic design is needed which clearly ensures the function and role along with the mutual consistency as a important visual component of the optical shop brand.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.59 no.3
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• pp.145-156
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• 2009

This study proposes the product development through an organic link with multi-faceted analysis on the archetype of traditional costumes culture. In order to find ways to develop cultural products, Jogakbo was selected, and the research result is as following. 1. Analysis on the types of Jogakbo products sold in the market shows that there are not only living, stationary, and fashion items, but also DIY packages. In terms of materials used, most of these Jogakbo products were made of fabric or mixture of different materials. These products displayed similar tendency by reflecting formative characteristics of Jogakbo. 2. This study analyzed the color, surface composition, material, manufacturing, and usage of Jogakbo. The rotor of Jogakbo is mostly composed of mono tone colors or Obangsac(five-element colors). The mono tone colors carries environmentally friendly meaning as it is using the natural color and Obangsac means harmony. Moreover, the surface composition of Jogakbo represents the expansion through connection and its material is also meaningful in that it is recycling. Manufacturing of Jogakbo has educational significance, fortune-wishing characteristics, decorative function, it also gives a gratification of handcraft. The usage of Jogakbo is a multi-(unctional article whose form is determined by an item that is held inside it. 3. Through the analysis on Jogakbo, this study presents the baby wear in relation to the ere-friendliness of colors, brooch sets using the surface composition, dresses using recycling fabric, children's educational instruments with educational significance, as well as multi-functional packages in regards to usage of Jogakbo.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.37
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• pp.253-273
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• 1998

The culture reflects the ideology of a particular period in time and such values change according to the needs and requests of that time which eventually becomes an important factorin forming the exterior. The clothing is part of a way that composes and expresses the inherent substance of society and culture. Also, the clothing itself manifests the artistic values and behavior of mankind as an external structure maintaining its place as a big part in culture. The purpose of this study are to elucidat the concept of naturalism, which is discussed in many facets in the modern era; I studied the concept as well as the history of naturalism in order to manifest the meaning of clothing in the context of culture and I explained the concept in terms of the modern era. On such ground, I explained the naturalism expressed through clothing and characterized the exter-nal form of clothing. Also, in order to know the stream of naturalism in the modern context, I referred to the Vogue magazine of the 90s, using Delong's ABC method. Naturalism, in the context of modern fashion is a way to express the nostalgia of nature's vi-ability and purity of ecology apart from the artificial and structural appearance that resulted form scientific enhancement and hence, the ecological crisis. Naturalism pursues the soft- ness and comfort of the natural silhouette, color and material of the human body and it can be said that naturalism emphasizes the mix-ture of three substances : human, nature and clothing. The naturalism can be characterized by the factors expressed in clothing as follows. First, the naturalism shown in the form it-self draws the beauty of the bodyline without any reduction nor exaggeration. Without any distorttion of the human bodyline it shown the curve as one moves along, using the soft material. Second, the naturalism shown in color most-ly uses the natural tone with added white color and other color low in intensity and value like the receded colors of the earth that could be compared to the beauty of ecru. Third, the naturalism shown in the material is thin, light and soft in texture. In order to bring out the most natural curve of the human body, the natural fiber becomes the main material, sometimes, using crude materials. Due to the lindustrial improvement, softness and elasticity is added to the natural fibers giving them an important role as materials. Fourth, the naturalism shown in textile depicts the real natural objects in life. According to my study, the personality of naturalism in modern clothing was shown to be most strong in material and then in the order of form, texture and textile. The material com-posed of the natural silhouette and natural fibers were used to make soft color. In form, Paul Poiret made appearance expressing the natural beauty of the human body without the corset ; it continued with the inner lining making the clothing hard but in the 90s, lining-less, extremely exposed clothes and knit wear is used to emphasize the natural beauty of the body. In color and textile, the tendency spok-en above is not as strong but in color, instead of high intensity or value, the usage of neutral colors with added white color or ecru color, ear-th tone is increasing. In textile, the usage of flowers as natural material is seen frequently. As a whole, naturalistic trend in the 90s is increasing and the modern fashion is breaking out from the artificial and architectural form and conforming to a form that can realize the natural beauty of the human body. And the natural color and textile that conforms to such ideas are being used to pursue the human oriented trend that has appeared due to the increase in usage of soft natural fiber. Nowadays, the idea of returning to nature, defying the artificiality, desiring the leisure and psychological abundance that can be explained as naturalistic way of thinking is necessitated in this modern era as long as humans coexist with nature, this tendency will continue in clothing.