• 방사성폐기물학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.455-468
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• 2022

Colloid Formation and Migration (CFM) project is being carried out within the Grimsel Test Site (GTS) Phase Ⅵ. Since 2008, the Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI) has joined CFM to investigate the behavior of colloid-facilitated radionuclide transport in a generic Underground Research Laboratory (URL). The CFM project includes a long-term in-situ test (LIT) and an in-rock bentonite erosion test (i-BET) to assess the in-situ colloid-facilitated radionuclide transport through the bentonite erosion in the natural flow field. In the LIT experiment, radionuclide-containing compacted bentonite was equipped with a triple-packer system and then positioned at the borehole in the shear zone. It was observed that colloid transport was limited owing to the low swelling pressure and low hydraulic conductivity. Therefore, a postmortem analysis is being conducted to estimate the partial migration and diffusion of radionuclides. The i-BET experiment, that focuses more on bentonite erosion, was newly designed to assess colloid formation in another flow field. The i-BET experiment started with the placement of compacted bentonite rings in the double-packer system, and the hydraulic parameters and bentonite erosion have been monitored since December 2018.

• 한국원자력학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국원자력학회 1995년도 춘계학술발표회논문집(2)
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• pp.769-774
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• 1995

In this study, a transport model was developed in order to analyze and predict the transport behaviors of radionuclides mediated by pseudo-colloid in the fractured rock media. It was resulted that the transport of Pu-239 was faster than Ni-63 because pseudo-colloid formation constant of Pu-239 was greater than that of Ni-63. Also, the effect of pseudo-colloid formation on the transport of a radionuclide was shown to be very significant when the apparent pseudo colloid formation constant, $K_{ap}(m^{3}/kg)$, was greater than 100. Thus, it can be concluded that acceleration of radionuclide migration may be occurred because the pseudo-colloid formation of radionuclides increases the amount of mobile components in the solution and consequently decreases the amount of radionuclides adsorbed on the stationary solid medium.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.532-543
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• 1995

의사콜로이드에 의해 매개된 균열 암반 매질에서의 방사성 핵종의 이동 거동을 분석하고 예측하기 위한 이동모델이 개발되었다. 명목적인 의사콜로이드 형성 상수인 $K_{ap}$ (㎥/kg)값이 100보다 클 때 방사성 핵종의 이동에 매우 큰 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 계산결과에 의하면 Pu-239의 의사콜로이드형성 상수가 Ni-63보다 크기 때문에 Pu-239의 이동이 Ni-63보다 빠른 것으로 나타났다 따라서 결론적으로 균열 암반에서의 방사성 핵종의 가속화는 방사성 핵종과 자연성 참콜로이드와의 의사콜로이드 형성에 따른 용액에서의 유동성 성분의 증가와 방사성 핵종들의 정지된 고체매질로의 흡착양 감소에 기인함을 알 수 있다.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제40권7호
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• pp.593-606
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• 2008

In this study, data on radionuclide migration and retardation processes in the engineered and natural barriers of High-Level Radioactive Waste (HLW) repository have been reviewed and compiled for use in the performance assessment of a HLW disposal system in Korea. The status of the database on radionuclide migration and retardation that is being developed in Korea is investigated and summarized in this study. The solubilities of major actinides such as D, Th, Am, Np, and Pu both in Korean bentonite porewater and in deep Korean groundwater are calculated by using the geochemical code PHREEQC (Ver. 2.0) based on the KAERI-TDB(Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute-Thermochemical Database), which is under development. Databases for the diffusion coefficients ($D^b_e$ values) and distribution coefficients ($K^b_d$ values) of some radionuclides in the compacted Korean Ca-bentonite are developed based upon domestic experimental results. Databases for the rock matrix diffusion coefficients ($D^r_e$ values) and distribution coefficients ($K^r_d$ values) of some radionuclides for Korean granite rock and deep groundwater are also developed based upon domestic experimental results. Finally, data related to colloids such as the characteristics of natural groundwater colloids and the pseudo-colloid formation constants ($K_{pc}$ values) are provided for the consideration of colloid effects in the performance assessment.

• 대한핵의학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.279-285
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• 1990

Simultaneous presence of ascites and pleural effusion has been documented in patients with cirrhosis of the liver, renal disease, Meigs' syndrome and in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis. Mechanisms proposed in the formation of pleural effusion in most of the above diseases are lymphatic drainage and diaphragmatic defect. But sometimes, hepatic hydrothoraxes in the absence of clinical ascites and pleural effusion secondary to pulmonary or cardiac disease are noted. It is not always possible to differentiate between pleural effusion caused by transdiaphragmatic migration of ascites and by other causes based soly on biochemical analysis. Authors performed radionuclide scintigraphy after intraperitoneal administration of $^{99m}Tc-labeled$ colloid in 23 patients with both ascites and pleural effusion in order to discriminate causative mechanisms responsible for pleural effusion. Scintigraphy demonstrated the transdiaphragmatic flow of fluid from the peritoneum to pleural cavities in 13 patients correctly. In contrast, in 5 patients with pleural effusion secondary to pulmonary, pleural and cardiac diseases, radiotracers fail to traverse the diaphragm and localize in the pleural space. Ascites draining to mediastinal lymph nodes and blocked passage of lymphatic drainage were also clarified, additionaly. Conclusively, radionuclide peritoneal scintigraphy is an accurate, rapid and easy diagnostic tool in patients with both ascites and pleural effusion. It enables the causes of pleural effusion to be elucidated, as well as providing valuable information required when determining the appropriate therapy.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제56권6호
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• pp.847-870
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• 2023

고준위 방사성폐기물을 심지층에 안전하게 처분하기 위해서는 방사성 핵종의 장기적 지구화학 거동에 대한 정확한 예측이 요구된다. 이와 관련하여 본 연구에서는 국내 심부 지하수를 대표하는 다섯가지 지화학 환경 조건에서 지화학 모델링을 수행하여 일부 방사성 핵종의 지화학 거동을 예측하였다. 다섯가지 국내 심부 지하수의 지화학 환경은 다음과 같다: 고 TDS 염지하수(G1), 산성 pH의 CO₂가 풍부한 지하수(G2), 고 pH 알칼리성 지하수(G3), 황산염이 풍부한 지하수(G4), 묽은(담수) 지하수(G5). 3~12의 pH 범위와 ±0.2V의 산화-환원전위(Eh) 조건에서 일부 방사성 핵종(우라늄, 플루토늄, 팔라듐)의 국내 심부 지하수 내에서의 용해도와 화학종(존재형태)을 예측하였다. 모델링 결과, 용존 상태의 우라늄은 주로 U(IV)로서 중성~알칼리성의 넓은 pH 환경에서 높은 용해도를 보였으며, Eh가 -0.2V인 환원 환경에서도 알칼리 pH 조건에서 높은 용해도를 보였다. 이러한 높은 용해도는 주로 Ca-U-CO₃ 착물의 형성에 의한 것으로 예측되는데, 이 착물의 활동도(activity)는 국내 심부 지하수 중 주요 단층대를 따라 산출되는 G2와 화강암반에 위치하는 G3에서 높다. 한편, 플루토늄(Pu)의 용해도는 pH에 따라 달라지며, 특히 중성~알칼리성 조건에서 가장 낮은 용해도가 나타난다. 주요 화학종은 Pu(IV)와 Pu(III)이며, 이들은 주로 흡착을 통해 제거될 것으로 추정된다. 그러나 콜로이드에 의한 이동을 고려하면, 이온강도가 낮은 심부 지하수인 G3와 G5 유형에서 콜로이드 형성 및 이동 촉진에 따라 이동성이 증가할 것으로 예상된다. 팔라듐(Pd)은 환원 환경에서는 황화물 침전 반응으로 인해 낮은 용해도를 나타내며, 산화 환경에서는 주로 금속(수)산화물에의 흡착을 통해 Pd(OH)₃^-, PdCl₃(OH)₂^-, PdCl₄^2- 및 Pd(CO₃)₂^2-와 같은 음이온 착물이 제거될 것으로 판단된다. 본 연구는 한국의 심부 지하수 환경에서 방사성 핵종의 운명과 이동에 대한 이해를 높이고, 고준위 방사성 폐기물의 안전한 처분을 위한 전략 개발에 기여할 것으로 기대된다.