• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.197-203
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• 2011

Lactobacilli are normal constituents of the intestinal microbiota, and some strains show the capacity to bind to extracellular matrix proteins and components of the mucosal layer, which represents an adaptation to persist in this niche. A shotgun phage-display library of Lactobacillus casei BL23 was constructed and screened for peptides able to bind to fibronectin and collagen. Clones showing binding to these proteins were isolated, which encoded overlapping fragments of a putative transcriptional regulator (LCABL_29260), a hypothetical protein exclusively found in the L. casei/rhamnosus group (LCABL_01820), and a putative phage-related endolysin (LCABL_13470). The construction of different glutathione S-transferase (GST) fusions confirmed the binding activity and demonstrated that the three identified proteins could interact with fibronectin, fibrinogen, and collagen. The results illustrate the utility of phage display for the isolation of putative adhesins in lactobacilli. However, it remains to be determined whether the primary function of these proteins actually is adhesion to mucosal surfaces.

• Korean Journal of Oriental Medicine
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.55-67
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• 2003

To evaluate anti-aggregatory activity of traditional prescriptions and medicines for treatment of Ohyul symptom, 70% methanol extracts were examined using collagen stimulated in vitro platelet aggregation by impedance method in rat whole blood. The crude extracts from DoHaekSeungKiTang, BoYangHwanOhTang, Caesalpinia sappan, Rhus verniciflua, Rheum palmatum, Polygonum cuspidatum, Salvia miltiorrhiza were found to inhibit platelet aggregation. The effective crude extracts of traditional medicine were fractionated to dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, butanol and aqueous layer. Polygonum cuspidatum, Caesalpinia sappan aud Rhus verniciflua ethyl acetate fractions concentration-dependently $(250-50{\mu}m/ml)$ inhibited the aggregation of platelet in whole blood induced by collagen. These results suggested that ethyl acetate fractions of Polygonum cuspidatum, Caesalpinia sappan and Rhus verniciflua have potent anti-aggregatory activity.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.7-23
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• 1990

The success or failure of endosseous dental implants is related to the cellular activity at the implant surface. Success seems to be associated with the enclosure of the implant in a non-inflammed connective tissue or the formation of a direct bone implant interface. The purpose of this study was to examine the tissue reactions to the various implants at the submergible state in dog mandible. The $Br\"{a}nemark$, Core-Vent, Intergral, Bone spiral were selected for evaluation and also the Kimplant, Nephrite were used for the experimental study. After 4 months the animals were sacrificed. The interface zone between bone and implant was investigated using x-rays, light microscope, scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope. The following results were obtained from this study. 1. $Br\"{a}nemark$, Core-Vent, Kimplant, Integral showed no mobility and bone growth over the healing screws of the implants. Histologically most of the implant surface were covered by remodelled lamellar bone, and partly by a cellular layer or the thin fibrous tissue layer. 2. The Bone spiral showed no mobility and partially radiolucent line around the implant. The upper part of the implant was surrounded by a thin fibrous connective tissue and the middle, apical part of it were contacted with bone directly. 3. The Nephrite implant showed severe mobility and a radiolucent line around the implant. Histologically it showed mild inflammation and was surrounded by a fibrous connective tissue. 4. Scanning electron microscope showed that there was no amorphous ground substance in the Nephrite implant but the formation of ground substance over the collagen filaments in other implants. 5. Transmission electron microscope showed that collagen filaments were approached irregularly to the surface of all implants and in the $Br\"{a}nemark$, Core-Vent, Kimplant, Integral there was amorphous layer between the implant and the collagen filaments. It seemed to be ground substances.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.559-574
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• 1996

The purpose of this study was to determine whether there was any correlation between temporomandibular joint dysfunction and structure of the mandibular condyle. Weanling rats had their masseter muscles resected and immunohistochemical findings were observed with a light microscope. The results obtained were as follows : 1. The condylar cartilage region was divided into articular, proliferating, cartilage cell and hypertrophic cell layers according to cell morphology. 2. In light microscopic views, the proliferating and cartilage cell layers of the experimental group decreased gradually and at the 8th week significantly. 3. In immunohistochemical staining for type I and II collagen, a reaction was detected in the lower part of proliferating cell and cartilage cell layers. In the cartilage cell layers, a stronger cellular reaction was present. Immunohistochemical staining for type II collagen reacted more strongly than that of type I collagen. 4. In immunohistochemical staining for proteoglycan, the staining of the experimental group resembled the control group and gradually showed a weak reaction. The proliferating and cartilage cell layers reacted more strongly than the hypertrophic cell layer. 5. In immunohistochemical staining for proliferating cell nuclear antigen(PCNA), the strong reaction was detected in the nucleus of the proliferating cell layer both in control and experimental groups. But the thickness of the proliferating layer decreased in experimental group, consequently the reaction of the experimental group was reduced more than that of the control group.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.31.1-31.20
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• 2020

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are enzymes that can degrade collagen in hybrid layer and reduce the longevity of adhesive restorations. As scientific understanding of the MMPs has advanced, useful strategies focusing on preventing these enzymes' actions by MMP inhibitors have quickly developed in many medical fields. However, in restorative dentistry, it is still not well established. This paper is an overview of the strategies to inhibit MMPs that can achieve a long-lasting material-tooth adhesion. Literature search was performed comprehensively using the electronic databases: PubMed, ScienceDirect and Scopus including articles from May 2007 to December 2019 and the main search terms were "matrix metalloproteinases", "collagen", and "dentin" and "hybrid layer". MMPs typical structure consists of several distinct domains. MMP inhibitors can be divided into 2 main groups: synthetic (synthetic-peptides, non-peptide molecules and compounds, tetracyclines, metallic ions, and others) and natural bioactive inhibitors mainly flavonoids. Selective inhibitors of MMPs promise to be the future for specific targeting of preventing dentin proteolysis. The knowledge about MMPs functionality should be considered to synthesize drugs capable to efficiently and selectively block MMPs chemical routes targeting their inactivation in order to overcome the current limitations of the therapeutic use of MMPs inhibitors, i.e., easy clinical application and long-lasting effect.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.305-315
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• 1998

The fibrous layer of mandibular condyle of the neonatal, 1-, 7-, 14-, 27-, 55-days and 1 year old rats were examined in the electron microscope with particular attention to the ultrastructure and diameter of collagen fibrils. In the 1-day rats, most of the cells of the fibrous layer were undifferentiated mesenchymal cells and fibroblasts with rough a little developed rough endoplasmic reticulum(RER) and golgi apparatus(GA). In 7-, 17 and 27-days old rats, most of the fibroblast showed well developed GA and RER with widely distended cisternae containing granular materials. In many of these cells contained intracytoplasmic filaments among the cytoplamic organelle. In 55-day and 1-year old rats, three types of cells were observed, ie, cells containing well developed cytoplasmic organelle presumed to be involved in the collagen fibril synthesis, cells showing well developed lysosomes, golgi apparatus, mitochondria and short cytoplasmic process presumed to be involved in the active resorption of the injured collagen fibrils or cellular debris, cells containing many intracytoplasmic filaments and a little organelle presumed to be cells of inactive state. The average diameters of collagen fibrils were similar in 1- and 7-day old rats as $38.48{\pm}3.81nm$, $38.06{\pm}3.86nm$. That was thickest in 14 days old rats as $50.21{\pm}3.93nm$ among experimental groups. They were gradually thinner in 27-, 55-day rats as $40.05{\pm}2.52nm$, $43.63{\pm}1.20nm$ and thinnest in 1-year old rats as $37.38{\pm}2.17nm$. The distribution pattern of diameters of collagen fibrils were unimordal with peak of 30-60nm in rats from 1-day to 17-day old. With aging from 27-day to 1 year old rats, collagen fibril diameters showed wide distribution pattern and percentage of thin collagen fibrils increased. These results may show the functional adaptation of fibrous layer of mandibular condyle to the increased mechanical forces with aging.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.17-21
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• 1998

Benign vocal fold lesions such as polyps, nodules and edema are known to be caused by vocal trauma such as voice misuse and/or abuse. Even though these lesions are known to be caused by the same etiology, phonotrauma, they show widely different clinical features and different responses to voice therapy. Previous studies suggested that benign vocal fold lesions represent disturbance in the balance of the extracellular matrix(ECM) constituents of the vocal folds. Collagen is one of the major constituents of ECM. Among collagens, fibrillar collagens are most important ones for maintaining the structural integrity. On the basis of gross morphology, vocal polyps wert divided into angiomatous one and edematous one, and nodules were divided into conical one and sessile one. In these four groups, the pattern of distribution of various fibrillar collagens(type 1, 2, 3, 5) was studied by immunohistochemical staining using paraffin embedded tissues. Within each group, differences among collagen subtypes were insignificant. In edematous polyp, collagens were sparsely dispersed in lamina propria by diffuse edema. In angiomatous polyp, collagens were displaced into submucosal layer by hemorrhagic space. In nodules, collagens were stained compactly in lamina propria. Quite different distributions of fibrillar collagens between polyps and nodules are thought to suggest that vocal polyps and nodules are totally different disorders in their pathophysiology.

• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.46-49
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• 2012

Purpose: The forehead flap is the workhorse in nasal reconstruction, which provides a similar skin color, texture, structure, and reliability. There are some disadvantages, including donor site morbidities, 2- or 3-stage operations, and postoperative management after initial flap transfer. Furthermore, there has been little attention to the exposed raw surface wound, after the first stage of an operation. This article describes the authors' modification to overcome this problem, using artificial collagen membrane. Methods: An Artificial collagen membrane is composed of an outer silicone membrane and an inner collagen layer. After a forehead flap elevation, the expected raw surface was covered by an artificial collagen membrane with 5-0 nylon suture. A simple dressing, which had been applied to the site, was changed every 2 or 3 days in an outpatient unit. At 3 weeks postprocedure, a second stage operation was performed. Results: With biosynthetic protection of the raw surface, there were no wound problems, such as infection or flap loss. Thus, the patient was satisfied due to an effortless management of the wound and a reduction in pain. Conclusion: The application of an artificial collagen membrane to the raw under-surface of the flap could be a comfortable and a protective choice for this procedure.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2010.02a
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• pp.397-397
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• 2010

Bone is considered as hierarchically organized biocomposites of organic (collagen) and inorganic (hydroxyapatite) materials. The precise structural dependence between hydroxyapatite (HAp, $Ca_{10}(PO_4)_6(OH)_2)$ crystals and collagen fibril is critical to unique characteristics of bone. To meet those conditions and obtain optimal properties, it is essential to understand and control the initial growth mechanisms of hydroxyapatite at the molecular level, such as other nano-structured materials. In this study, collagen fibrils were prepared by adsorbing native type I collagen molecules onto hydrophobic surface. Hydrophobicity was introduced on the Si wafer surface by using PECVD (plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition) method and cyclohexane as a precursor. Biomimetic nucleation and growth of HAp on the self-assembled collagen nanofibrils were occurred through incubation of the sample in SBF (simulated body fluid). Chemical and morphological evolution of HAp nanocrystals was investigated by surface-sensitive analytical techniques such as ToF-SIMS (Time-of-Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry) and AFM (Atomic Force Microscopy) in the early growth stages (< 24 hrs). The very initial stages (< 12 hrs) of mineralization could be clearly demonstrated by ToF-SIMS chemical mapping of surface. In addition to ToF-SIMS and AFM measurement, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis were conducted to characterize the HAp layer in the late stages. This study is of great importance in the growth of real bone-like materials with a structure analogous to that of natural bones and the development of biomimetic nanomaterials.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.856-868
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• 1995

The effect of collagen dissolution in acid conditioned dentin layer on resin - dentin adhesion was investigated. 160 freshly extracted human molars were divided into 4 groups randomly and dentin surfaces were exposed. 40 exposed dentin surfaces were not acid conditioned and each 10 of them were applied with bonding agents within dentin bonding systems of All Bond 2, Scotchbond Multipurpose, Clearfil Photobond and Superbond D - Liner respectively. Each 10 of another 40 exposed dentin surfaces were acid conditioned by the acid within the above four bonding systems respectively and applied with corresponding bonding systems. After acid conditioning of the other 40 exposed dentin surfaces as above, they were treated with 5% NaOCl for 2 minutes, and each 10 of them were applied with the above four dentin bonding systems respectively. The remaining 40 dentin surfaces were acid conditioned and treated with 10% NaOCl for 2 minutes, and each 10 of them were applied with corresponding bonding agents as the above. After the procedures were finished, composite resin (Z -100, 3M Dent. Prod., USA) were applied on the dentin surfaces and light cured. Shear bond strength values were measured. Surface changes of fractured dentin specimens were observed using SEM (Hitachi S-2350, Japan). The following results were obtained. 1. In all of dentin bonding systems, shear bond strengths of non - conditioned specimens were significantly lower than those of acid conditioned specimens (P<0.05). 2. A statistically significant difference of bond strengths did not exist between acid conditioned specimens and 5% NaGCI retreated specimens applied with All Bond 2, Scotchbond Multipurpose and Clearfil Photobond (P>0.05). However, strength values of 5% NaOCl retreated specimens applied with Superbond D - Liner were lower than those of acid conditioned specimens (P<0.05). 3. In all the applied dentin bonding systems except Clearfil Photobond, bond strengths of 10% NaOCl retreated specimens were lower than those of acid conditioned and 5% NaOCl retreated specimens (P<0.05). 4. The resin - dentin hybrid layer of 4 - $5{\mu}m$ thickness was formed in the acid conditioned specimens applied with All Bond 2, Scotchbond Multipurpose and Superbond D-Liner. 5. The resin - dentin hybrid layer of 3 - $4{\mu}m$ thickness was still formed in the 5% NaOCl retreated specimens applied with All Bond 2 and Scotchbond Multipurpose. In addition, this layer was not completely removed after the retreatment with 10% NaOCl. Above results indicate that the dissolution of collagen in acid conditioned dentin layer by NaOCl solution can not be achieved completely and the collagens contribute to the resin - dentin adhesion considerably.