• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈A:수학교육
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• 제42권5호
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• pp.607-622
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• 2003

The research was aimed at finding the dynamic aspects of the linguistic and social interaction with mathematical concept development using a graphing calculator in collaborative learning. This study was broadly divided into two categories: "Knowledge Construction Statement" for understanding how the verbal interaction works when a graphing calculator is used, and "Teacher's Instructional Role" for the research on the reaction of the students and on the teacher's role as a guide in helping students to construct their knowledge. This research used a case study in a collaborative learning environment. An attempt was made to show clearly how the students interacted with one another in a technology environment using a graphing calculator as a tool. A graphing calculator promoted the students' linguistic interaction and changed the characteristics of the linguistic interaction. Although it didn't show the different aspects completely, some changes of the linguistic traits were perceived.aits were perceived.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제43권6호
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• pp.1004-1012
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• 2021

The collaboration productively interacting between multi-agents has become an emerging issue in real-world applications. In reinforcement learning, multi-agent environments present challenges beyond tractable issues in single-agent settings. This collaborative environment has the following highly complex attributes: sparse rewards for task completion, limited communications between each other, and only partial observations. In particular, adjustments in an agent's action policy result in a nonstationary environment from the other agent's perspective, which causes high variance in the learned policies and prevents the direct use of reinforcement learning approaches. Unexpected social loafing caused by high dispersion makes it difficult for all agents to succeed in collaborative tasks. Therefore, we address a paradox caused by the social loafing to significantly reduce total returns after a certain timestep of multi-agent reinforcement learning. We further demonstrate that the collaborative paradox in multi-agent environments can be avoided by our proposed effective early stop method leveraging a metric for social loafing.

• 컴퓨터교육학회논문지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.23-30
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• 2000

오늘날 가상학습공동체에서 이루어지는 협동학습의 교육적 가치와 활용은 활발히 논의되고 있다. 인터넷 기반 협동학습이 성공적으로 이루어지기 위해서는 높은 수준의 상호작용 도구가 필수적이다. 본 연구에서는 기존의 네트웍 클라이언트들(News, FTP, HTTP, SMTP, 음성 문자 채팅)의 불편한 인터페이스를 개선하였으며, 이들을 통합환경에서 이용할 수 있도록 통합브라우저를 설계 구현하였다. 그리하여 인터넷 기반 협동학습과 면대면 협동학습 사이의 학습환경의 차이를 줄이고 학습효과를 높이고자 하였다.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제16권12호
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• pp.2657-2664
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• 2012

웹 기반 학습은 시간과 공간의 제약을 받지 않고 활용될 수 있다는 점에서 효과적인 교육 방법으로 많은 관심을 받고 있다. 학습관리시스템은 교수와 학생들 간의 온라인 교육 환경을 제공하며, 학습 자원의 제공을 위한 다양한 기능을 지원한다. 일반적인 학습관리시스템들은 교수와 학생들 간의 단방향 또는 제한적인 양방향 교육 환경을 제공하여 교수와 학생 또는 학생들 서로 간에 협력 학습을 수행하기에 많은 어려움이 따른다. 본 논문에서는 대표적인 학습관리시스템인 Moodle에서 효과적인 협력 학습 환경을 제공하는 협업 워크스페이스의 개발에 대하여 기술한다. 다양한 형태로 제공되는 협업 워크스페이스를 통하여, 사용자들은 손쉽게 협력 학습을 수행하거나 적절한 접근 권한 제어 기법으로 학습 자원을 효과적으로 공유할 수 있다.

• 영어어문교육
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.75-95
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to evaluate a group activity, reciprocal peer tutoring (RPT), in order to investigate advantages and challenges of RPT in promoting cooperative and collaborative learning environment for EFL University reading instruction. The participants in this study were 89 students taking an English reading course at a Korean university. RPT is a learning strategy whereby learners help each other and learn by teaching. This program was supported by a Vygotskyan perspective which assumes that learners gain mastery and develop cognitive skills through social interaction with more proficient others and their environment. This study relied particularly on participant perceptions through questionnaire survey and Anonymous Online class Report of the course. This study showed various advantages for tutors such as learning through teaching and becoming more autonomous and responsible for their own learning. Non-threatening and highly motivating learning atmosphere are parts of benefits for tutees. Other advantages for tutees included improved level of academic self-confidence, and motivation. This study also revealed several drawbacks associated with the problem of inaccuracy in students' production and students' demand for more direct teacher role. (182 words).

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.53-63
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• 2004

지금까지 웹 기반의 문제중심학습과 협동학습에 대한 개별적인 연구는 많이 이루어져왔다. 그러나 효과적인 문제중심학습 수행을 위한 협동학습 환경을 제공해 주는 시스템 구축에 대한 연구는 부족한 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 웹 기반 문제중심학습의 효과적인 수행을 위해 협동학습 환경을 제공해 주는 시스템을 개발하고 실제 학습 현장에 적용하여 그 효과를 분석하였다. 웹 기반 문제중심학습을 위한 협동학습 시스템은 학생들이 그룹 단위의 협동학습을 통해 문제를 해결할 수 있도록 협동학습실과 문제중심학습실로 구성하였다. 개발한 시스템의 효과를 검증하기 위하여 수업 현장에 직접 적용해 본 결과, 본 시스템은 학생들에게 호응이 아주 높았을 뿐만 아니랴 학업 성취도 향상에 영향을 미친 것으로 나타났으며, 학생들의 정의적 영역에도 긍정적인 효과를 주는 것으로 나타났다.

• Educational Technology International
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.311-339
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• 2021

This study examined the effects of scaffolding types (Toulmin's Argument Pattern: TAP or Argumentation Vee Diagram: AVD) and individual metacognition levels (low or high) on students' learning achievement in online collaborative argumentation. A total of 191 Chinese undergraduates took part in this study. They were randomly assigned to either the TAP scaffolding, AVD scaffolding, or no scaffolding condition. They were teamed up in small groups of two or three students to argue with their peers using SNS as the online collaborative argumentation environment. The results revealed that students in the TAP and AVD scaffolding conditions did not gain significantly higher retention or transfer scores than students without scaffolding. However, students in the TAP scaffolding condition significantly outperformed those in the AVD scaffolding condition on transfer scores. Individual metacognition did not significantly affect learning achievement in online collaborative argumentation. Additionally, there was no significant interaction effect between scaffolding types and individual metacognition levels on retention or on transfer. The findings have implications for scaffolding design for online collaborative argumentation and also suggest that more attention should be paid to social metacognition rather than to individual metacognition when students work collaboratively.

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.343-350
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• 2020

In the era of the Fourth Industrial Revolution in the digital revolution is taking place, various attempts have been made to provide various contents in a digital environment. In this paper, agent-recruitment service system based on collaborative deep learning is proposed for the intelligent head hunting service. The service system is improved from previous research [7] using collaborative deep learning for more reliable recommendation results. The Collaborative deep learning is a hybrid recommendation algorithm using "Recurrent Neural Network(RNN)" specialized for exponential calculation, "collaborative filtering" which is traditional recommendation filtering methods, and "KNN-Clustering" for similar user analysis. The proposed service system can expect more reliable recommendation results than previous research and showed high satisfaction in user survey for verification.

• Educational Technology International
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.39-57
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• 2006

Supporting individual or group learners through designing effective learning environment has been major concern for instructional technologists. In CSCL environment, the effectiveness of learning depends not only on the design of the learning incidences but also on that of psychological environment because in CSCL the learners encounter virtually a new environment deviate from the ordinary physical world. CSCL is one of the most demanding environment for learners and thus it requires a highly refined learner support mechanisms. The purpose of the research was to devise conceptual tools for supporting learners in CSCL environment. Especially, the researchers tried to develop special kinds of scaffolding that directly support the collaborative practice in the social and psychological dimension of the learner. Body of literature on scaffolding has been reviewed and effective CSCL environments were observed and analyzed. As a result of the study, the research proposes a new type of scaffolding, named as "collaboration scaffolding" as a conceptual tool for supporting learners in CSCL environment. Also the research suggests three subtypes of scaffolds as the most typical collaboration scaffolding; emotional scaffolds, facilitative scaffolds, and exploratory scaffolds.

• 교육시설 논문지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.59-66
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• 2012

Community design education has covered the worldview dimension of the collaborative courses for sustainability draws on the architectural expertise developed in a network of community projects and therefore case studies of design education by the collaborative project-based learning in terms of participants, students, teachers and architects, such as 'Learning By Design' for the K-12 comprehensive program in Massachusetts addresses how a local society can make its community sustainable by both design and education. To understand that community design and education can provide professional development in all levels of skills and knowledge across disciplines and opportunities for collaborative learning and problem-solving, this research consists of case studies of the community design education including social systems that assist in organizing the local educational program as well as promoting the programs with public awareness of the community. It covers the UNESCO-UIA agenda of the community design and education that is to enhance the physical environment relating to human interaction by developing innovative alternatives of existing community and contributing voluntarily to neighborhoods through design. As the community design collaborative of design professionals and users is a structural approach to assess design quality, the cases address how to set up the architectural program in order to share pro bono design service and provide high-quality design resources available for sustainable environment.