• Journal of Surface Science and Engineering
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.75-83
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• 1979

The Rates of formation and heats of activation for the intermatallic Compound Layers between Cold rolled sheet and molten aluminium &ath (adding small amounts of silicon) has been determined by Continous aluminizing method in the temperature range of 680$^{\circ}$ to 760$^{\circ}C$ and with immerssion time. The structure of the intermetallic Compound Layers was the shape of "Tongues" in pure Al-Bath and Al-Bath Containing 1% Si, But in Al-5% Si Bath was "Band" the Composition of the intermetallic Compound Layers were checked by microhardness measurements and X-Ray probe micro analyzer. FeAl intermetallic Compound layer was found to be uniform in pure Al-Bath and Al-5% Si Bath, But Fe Al intermetallic Compound Layer was shown in Al-1% Si Bath. The growth Rates of the intermetallic Compound Layers was most rapidly increased at Temperatures from 720$^{\circ}$ to 760$^{\circ}C$, at the immorsion time above 60 Second in pure Al-Bath, But in Al-1% Si Bath was solwly increased for the same conditions, and then in Al-5% Si Bath was hardly effected by these experimental condition. Heasts of activation of 29, 46 Kcal per mole which calculuted from Layer growth experiments were found in pure Al-Bath, Al-1% Si Bath respectively.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.7
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• pp.42-49
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• 2018

In steel industries, cold-rolled sheet manufacturing is one of the links between the front and rear important industries for national competitiveness and high value-added production. In particular, in small and medium-sized enterprises, one of the major problems is the carbonization phenomenon of the steel sheet during the annealing process. Carbonization occurring on the surface of the coil help reduce steel production. After conducting various experiments to identify the cause of carbonization on the surface of a cold-rolled steel, the following results were obtained: (1) An analysis of the rolling oil, which is used in the field, revealed it to contain approximately 40 ppm carbonized material. (2) A comparison of the thermal denaturation characteristics of the fresh rolling oil and using rolling oil by FT-IR analysis showed that thermal denaturation had occurred, as shown by the significant decrease in the relative intensity of the 2900 and $1750cm^{-1}$ peaks. (3) The thermal decomposition of the rolling oil took place for the rolling oil at approximately $220^{\circ}C$. Furthermore, annealing experiments at $200^{\circ}C$ showed that the carbonization phenomenon of the sample was not observed. On the other hand, carbonization was observed at temperatures higher than $240^{\circ}C$.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.1115-1120
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• 2003

The recent tendency in the automobile industries is toward light weighting vehicle body to improve the problems by environmental pollution as well as improving fuel cost. The effective way to reduce the weight of vehicle body seems to be application of new materials for body structure and such trend is remarkable. Among the various materials for vehicle body, stainless steel sheet (for example, 301L and 304L), TRIP steel and cold rolled steel sheets are under the interests. However, in order to guarantee reliability of new material and to establish the long life design criteria of body structure, it is important and require condition to assess spot weldability of them and fatigue strength of spot welded lap joints which were fabricated under optimized spot welding condition. And, recently, a new issue in the design of the spot welded structure is to predict economically fatigue design criterion without additional fatigue tests. In general, for fatigue design of the spot-welded thin sheet structure, additional fatigue tests according to the welding condition, material, joint type, and fatigue loading condition are generally required. This indicates that much cost and time for it should be consumed. Therefore, in this paper, the maximum stresses at nugget edge of spot weld were calculated through nonlinear finite element analysis first. And next, obtained the ${\Delta}P-N_{f}$ relation through the actual fatigue tests on spot welded lap joints of similar and dissimilar high strength steel sheets. And then, the ${\Delta}P-N_{f}$ relation was rearranged in the ${\Delta}{\sigma}-N_{f}$ relation. From this ${\Delta}{\sigma}-N_{f}$ relation, developed the fatigue design technology for spot welded lap joints of them welded using the optimized welding conditions.

• Journal of Surface Science and Engineering
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.289-299
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• 1995

The effects of phosphate coating have been studied on physical properties and corrosion resistance of painted aluminum alloy sheet for automobile body. The physical properties (surface roughness, paint adhesion, impact resistance and pencil hardness) and corrosion resistance(cyclic corrosion and filiform corrosion) were investigated. Phosphate coatings enhanced the physical properties of painted Al alloy sheet, especially paint adhesion after the 240hours water immersion test. Phosphate coating also markedly improved the resistance for cyclic corrosion and filiform corrosion of painted cold rolled steel and Zn-Ni plated steel sheet as well as painted Al alloy sheet. The corrosion resistance of painted Al sheets was varied with the concentration of free fluoride ion and metal additives like Ni and Mn in the phosphating bath. A maximum corrosion resistance was obtained at about 300ppm of fluoride ion and additives of Ni and Mn obviously increased the corrosion resistance of painted specimens.

• Journal of the korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.12-23
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• 1996

승용차용 소재로 사용되는 철강재료의 구성비율은 국가별, 차종별로 큰 차이를 나타내기 때문에 일률적으로 표현하기는 곤란하다. 일본의 경우 열연강판, 냉연강판, 내식성 확보를 위해 냉연강판의 표면에 여러가지 종류의 도금을 한 표면처리강판등의 보통강판이 약 76%를 차지하고 있으며 나머지는 고탄소강, 고합금강, 스테인리스강, 스프링강, 베어링강 등의 특수강재와 주철이 차지하고 있다. 본 해설에서는 승용차 차체용 소재의 대부분을 차지하는 냉연강판을 중심으로 냉연강판의 제조공정, 연진 냉연강판을 중심으로 냉연강판의 제조공정, 연질 냉연강판의 개발현황과 개발방향, 인장강도 35kgf/$min^{2}$이상의 냉연강판을 의미하는 고장력 냉연강판의 개발현황과 개발방향을 소개한후 현재 세계철강협회(IISI) 주관으로 범세계적으로 추진중인 초경량 자동차 차체(ULSAB, Ultra Light Steel Auto Body)제조를 위한 프로젝트의 진행과정 설명을 통해 경량재료에 대한 철강업체의 대응전략을 소개하고자 한다.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.5 no.6
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• pp.64-76
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• 1997

This paper deals with development of brackets by using aluminum alloy sheets which is indispensable for weight reduction of autobody. The press formability of aluminum alloy sheet is estimated by means of tensile test, V bending test, sample manufacturing test and photograph of microstructure. The results show that the elongation, strength, work hardening exponent, plastic anisotropy coefficient of Al 6***series are better than those of Al 5***series, but for general press formability, Al 5***series are better than Al 6***series due to lower yield strength. Since most of mechanical properties of aluminum sheet are generally inferior to those of cold-rolled steel sheet, shape fixability and press formability of aluminum sheet are very poor. For making components of autobody by use of die for steel sheet application, it is essential that die should be nodified for least bending and stretching. With the modified die for aluminum, it could be possible to make brackets, the component of autobody. Microstructure of Al 5***series has fine grain and small the 2nd phase and that of Al 6***series has relatively coarse grain. Therefore, it seems that fine grain and small the 2nd phase of Al 5***series is one of the factor of lower yield strength, resistance to stamping work, formation of Luder's line.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.1807-1818
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• 1991

The frictional characteristic of Zn-Ni electrogalvanized steel sheet was investigated by experimental procedures. To clarify the effect of surface property on the frictional characteristic of Zn-Ni coated steel sheet, Micro-hardness test, SEM analysis and X-ray diffraction analysis were carried out. Coefficients of friction for various stamping lubricant and Ni content in coated layer were measured by a draw bead friction test. The results show that frictional characteristic is very sensitive to Ni content of coated layer and depends on stamping lubricant. For Ni content less than about 11%, selection of proper lubricant is necessary to obtain low coefficient of friction in Zn-Ni coated steel sheet such as in case of cold rolled steel sheet.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 1990.04a
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• pp.83-88
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• 1990

The study is concerned with the theoretical and experimental investigation of axisymmetric fluid pressure-drive hydronforming of sheet metal by forming over the die cavity. The rigid-plastic finite element method is employed to calculate the stress and strain distribution The effect of blank size and die radius is also studied in the finite element analysis. Experiments are carried out for hydroforming of cold rolled steel sheets under various process conditions. The computational results are compared with the experimental results for the forming pressure vs. pole displacement relations and strain distributions. Comparison has shown that theoretical predictions by the finite element method are in good agreement with the experimental observations. Thus, it is shown that the rigid-plastic finite element method is effectively used in the analysis of axisymmetric fluid pressure-driven hydroforming process.

• Journal of Power System Engineering
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.80-88
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• 2001

The spot welding method has been used in the joining of structures, automotive body, railway carriage, aircraft, household electric appliances, precision parts etc., because of brief working, easy automation, available mass production, and convenience. In this paper, the effects of welding conditions on the fatigue life and the prediction of fatigue life based on fracture mechanics theory of spot welded joint were investigated. Fatigue tests were conducted with the tensile-shear specimens welded in the various current using cold rolled steel sheets. Fatigue life of spot welded joint was predicted and compared with experimental results. Using FEM(finite element method), we analysed the distribution of stress and the condition of deformation on the environments of nugget.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 1994.10a
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• pp.383-388
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• 1994

Ultrasonic sensor for evaluating plastic anisotropy was developed. Magnetostrictive type EMAT is sensor to transmit and receive the Lamb wave using magnetostriction. It is suitable for on line processing because of transmitting and receiving ultrasonic without contact ODCs(orientation distribution coefficients), W $_{400}$. W $_{420}$. W $_{440}$. were respectively calculated using zeroth order Lamb wave velocities, the calculated ODCs was used for evaluating plastic anisotropy, the results was compared for mean values of destructive tests. Besides, the Lorentz EMAT for generating longitudinal wave and two shear waves simultaneously and the Lorentz type EMAT for measuring SH wave velocities were made. ODCs were calculated using the measured resonant modes and velocities. the results of two methods show possibility of an line processing measurement.