• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.51-60
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• 2006

Gingival recession is clinically manifested by an apical displacement of the gingival tissue and dentin hypersensitivity is often used to describe a painful condition in which exposed dentin is unduly sensitive to intraoral stimuli. The objects of this study were primarily to investigate the prevalence and distribution of gingival recession and hypersensitivity and secondarily to determine whether a relationship exists between gingival recession and hypersensitivity. The study population was 195 patients (102 males, 93 females) who were attended the department of periodontology, Pusan National University Hospital. 189 patients exhibited gingival recession at least more than 1 tooth, the prevalence was 96.9%. The maxillary and mandibular first premolar and mandibular incisors had the highest prevalence. The majority of patients (139 patients, 71.3%) were diagnosed as having dentin hypersensitivity. Dentin hypersensitivity was determined to 3 seconds application of cold air to the exposed root surface after isolating the test tooth and was commonest in maxillary and mandibular first premolars and mandibular incisors. Relationship between recession and hypersensitivity was analyzed using chi-square test (p=0.05), significant relation (p=0.000) was existed. Gingival recession was more severe, the prevalence of hypersensitivity was higher.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.1-9
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• 2016

Objectives: Cold Hypersensitivity of Hands and Feet (CHHF) has been diagnosed objectively by Digital Infrared Thermal Imaging (DITI) and has been known to be associated with autonomic nervous system (ANS), which can be assessed by Heart Rate Variability (HRV). This study evaluated the correlation between severity of CHHF and HRV variables.Methods: We studied 155 non-menopausal women with CHHF who visited Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong from 01 October 2013 to 30 April 2016. We measured DITI and HRV of each patient. We used DITI to calculate the severity of CHHF with thermal difference between upper arm (L4, 俠白穴) and palm (P8, 勞宮穴) of both hands and anterior thigh (ST32, 伏兎穴) and dorsum of foot (LI3, 太衝穴) of both feet. The correlation between severity of CHHF and HRV variables were analyzed.Results: In time domain analysis, there was significantly positive correlation between the severity of CHHF and both SDNN and RMSSD. In frequency domain analysis, there was significantly positive correlation between the severity of CHHF and TP, HF and HF Norm while there was significantly negative correlation between the severity of CHHF and LF Norm as well as between the severity of cold hypersensitivity of both hands and LF/HF ratio.Conclusions: The more severe CHHF is, the more increased the function of parasympathetic nerve system (PNS) and relatively decreased the function of sympathetic nerve system (SNS) is. Also, it has known that cold hypersensitivity could be caused by deficiency syndrome and qi deficiency has the same ANS tendency as CHHF. Therefore, in practical fields, this result can be helpful in planning treatment and deciding prognosis in respect of deficiency syndrome.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.47-64
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• 2021

Objectives The purpose of this study was to figure out the effect and safety of electro-acupuncture and acupuncture on cold hypersensitivity on hands and feet(CHHF) by Sasang constitution. Methods 72 subjects were recruited from three Korean medical hospitals from October 2019 to October 2020. Subjects were randomly allocated in 1:1:1 ratio to electro-acupuncture group(EA group), acupuncture group(AC group), and control group. The EA and AC group received treatment twice a week for 5 weeks. We tried to confirm the effectiveness of electro-acupuncture and acupuncture treatment by checking changes in Visual analogue score(VAS), body temperature of LU4, PC8, ST32, LR3, and WHOQOL-BREF score. Results The VAS score of CHHF was reduced after treatment, and the effect continued for 4 weeks after the end of treatment in all Sasang constitution, all treatment groups. In all Sasang constitution, the body temperature of the electro-acupuncture group or acupuncture grouop was higher than that of the control group except LU4 in visit 11. And no clinically significant adverse events have been identified. Conclusions Electro-acupuncture and acupuncture treatment are effective on hypersensitivity on hands on feet, and the effect was shown regardless of Sasang constitution.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.51-63
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• 1999

Exposure of the root surface due to gingival recession after periodontal surgery, elicit pain response when exposed to mechanical, heat, chemical or osmotic irritation. Especially patients treated with periodontal surgery, show high frequency. There have been reports that the 1 out of 7 patients complains of dentinal hypersensitivity. There have been many studies on the clinical effects of various materials on the treatment of dentinal hypersensitivity. The purposes of this study were to evaluate the effect of sodium chloride and potassium oxalate and to observe the relationship between the dentinal hypersensitivity and surface characteristics such as dentinal tubule size and number. This study included 20 teeth which were scheduled for extraction and had no pulpal disease. These teeth were divided into Root planing group, EDTA group, NaCl group and Oxalate group. Dentinal hypersensitivity is measured by tactile, pressured air and cold water using NRS (Numerical Rating Scales). Teeth were extracted under local anesthesia and each specimen was sectioned to a size about 3 X 5 mm and was examined under the scanning electron microscope (X2,000) The results were as follows, 1. The EDTA group exhibited significantly increased dentinal hypersensitivity comparing with the other groups. 2. The NaCl and Oxalate groups showed significantly reduced dentinal hypersensitivity comparing with the EDTA group. 3. As a method for dentinal hypersensitivity measurement, it was presumed thet tactile sensitivity test was not sensitive method but air blast test and cold water test were adequate method. 4. In a SEM study, the root planing group exhibited amorphous smear layer and showed no dentinal tubule orifice, but the EDTA group showed the large number of dentinal tubules. On the other hand, the NaCl and Oxalate groups did not show exposed dentinal tubules. The NaCl group showed more rough root surface than the EDTA group, and the Oxalate group showed many participates to be presumed as calcium oxalate particle. As the results from this study, root planing couldn't expose the dentinal tubule and NaCl and potassium oxalate occluded exposed dentinal tubule effectively. Dentinal hypersensitivity has close relationship with the exposure of dentinal tubules, especially with it's size and number.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.219-224
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• 2000

The purpose of this study is for evaluating the effect of MS Coat desensitizing agent in clinical situation. In this study total 60 teeth of 30 patients who is feeling hypersensitivity after periodontal surgery were treated with MS Coat desensitizing agent, and 20 teeth with saline solution for placebo effects and evaluated. All teeth were cleaned with rubber cup and pumice, after then the antibacterial agent was applied for 20 seconds and simply isolated using cotton roll Desensitizing agent was applied with a specific instrument in the manufacturers package by abrading motion for 10 seconds and re-done 8 times. Tactile stimulus with sharp explorer, air stimulus with syringe of dental unit, $7^{\circ}C$ cold water stimulus using micropipette applicator was done to evaluate hypersensitivity before apply test agent, immediate after application, 1 week after, and 3 month after application. The degree of hypersensitivity was recorded using 100mm Visual Analogue Scale and compared between group and evaluation times. From this clinical study sensitivity to the stimulus was significantly induced in both groups and MS Coat made a significant reduction in VAS score than placebo group did(p<.01). The results of this study could demonstrate that MS Coat desensitizing agent can use effectively to heat dentinal hypersensitivity.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.46-56
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• 2016

Purpose: We evaluated the efficacy of a mouthwash containing potassium nitrate ($KNO_3$) as its main component, along with sodium fluoride (NaF) and cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC). The primary endpoint was the relief of dentin hypersensitivity (DH) against the cold stimuli. The effects on other DH tests and periodontal inflammation were also evaluated. Methods: We used a single-center, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized design. A total of 82 patients with DH (40 in the test group, 42 placebo controls) were analyzed using visual analog scales (VASs) for a cold test, a tactile test, a compressive air test, and self-reported pain during daily activities, as well as clinical parameters including plaque index, gingival index, modified sulcular bleeding index (mSBI), gingival recession, and probing depth, which were collected at baseline and after four and six weeks of mouthwash use. Results: VAS scores for cold sensations, tactile sensations, the compressive air test, and self-reported pain significantly decreased from baseline during the six weeks in both groups (P<0.01), and no significant differences between the groups were found. In male patients (10 in the test group and 7 in the control group), both groups showed significant reductions in VAS scores for the cold test over the six weeks, and greater reductions were found in the test group than in the control group between four and six weeks (P=0.01) and between baseline and six weeks (P<0.01). In addition, the mSBI in the test group significantly decreased from baseline during the six weeks (P<0.01), and the changes at four and six weeks from baseline were significantly greater in the test group compared to the control group (P=0.03 and P=0.02, respectively). Conclusions: A mouthwash containing a mixture of $KNO_3$, NaF, and CPC reduced DH and gingival inflammation, however, the efficacy was comparable to the control group.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 2022

Objectives This study aimed to examine the differences in the distribution of metabolic syndrome(MetS) and cold hypersensitivity in the hands and feet(CHHF) according to Sasang constitution, and to determine whether CHHF and MetS have an inverse association. Methods MetS and its components, CHHF, Sasang constitution data from 1,998 participants in the Korean medicine Daejeon Citizen Cohort study(KDCC) were obtained. The participants were divided into a non-CHHF(n = 1,270, 63.6%), intermediate(n = 220, 11.0%) and CHHF(n = 508, 25.4%) group according to the thermal sensitivity questionnaire. Sasang constitution was diagnosed by Korea Sasang Constitutional Diagnostic Questionnaire(KS-15). One-way ANOVA and the chi-square test were used for participants' general characteristics and thermal sensitivity and MetS related factors. ANCOVA and logistic regression were used to compare the differences and the odds ratios(ORs) for MetS and its components. Results The MetS and CHHF prevalence rates of the Taeeumin, Soeumin, and Soyangin were 27.6%, 3.8%, 7.7%, and 18.3%, 42.3%, 26.4% respectively. The ANCOVA for MetS components showed that the waist circumference was significantly lower in the CHHF group as compared to the non-CHHF group in total and Soyangin. The logistic regression for MetS prevalence showed that CHHF had a significant inverse association in total(OR = 0.611) and Taeeumin(OR = 0.521). Conclusions The MetS prevalence had the highest in Taeeumin, followed by Soyangin and Soeumin, while the prevalence of CHHF was highest in Soeumin, followed by Soyangin and Taeeumin. In addition, it was confirmed that CHHF and MetS had an inverse association independently.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.83-93
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• 2017

Objectives : This study's aim is to investigate clinical studies of cold hypersensitivity of hands and feet (CHHF) published in Korea and to explore the direct of future research. Methods : We searched clinical studies of CHHF using the database, such as DBpia(http://www.dbpia.co.kr/), NDSL(www.ndsl.kr), OASIS(http://oasis.kiom.re.kr), and RISS(www.riss.kr). The search words were 'cold hypersensitivity(冷症)' and 'syncope(厥證)'. Inclusion criteria were randomized controlled trials (RCTs), non RCTs, Before and after clinical study (B&A) about CHHF. Selection journals and data extraction were conducted by HS Lee and SH Sun independently. Results : Total twenty-one articles were selected finally. RCTs, non-RCTs, and B&A were 3, 12, and 6, respectively. The topics for CHHF were classified into three categories: effect of treatment (n=2) characteristics (n=11), and diagnosis (n=8). Conclusions : This results showed that RCT about CHHF and treatment effect of cold hypersensitivity of hands and feet were small in number. Further systemic and larger studies about CHHF will be needed.

• Journal of Korean Medicine for Obesity Research
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.105-112
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• 2006

We experienced an abdominal obese patient with postpartum disease. From the 15th of July 2006 to the 16th of September 2006 we applied herbal medications (Gungguijohyeoleumgamibang and Taeeumjouitanggamibang), acupuncture, auricular acupuncture, electrolipolysis, low calorie diet, aerobic exercise, behavioral therapy to her. We examined the changes in body weight, BMI, PBF and WHR and the changes in cold hypersensitivity of lower extremities and pain of wrists and ankles. Her weight decreased from 49.6kg to 44.5kg, BMI from $20.9kg/m^2$ to $18.8kg/m^2$, PBF from 27.7% to 23.9%, WHR from 0.84 to 0.78. Cold hypersensitivity of lower extremities and pain of wrists and ankles, symptoms typical of postpartum disease disappeared after treatment. Despite a low calorie diet, lactational performance was not impaired.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.127-134
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• 1993

The purpose of this study was to observe the control effect of hypersensitivity after periodontal treatment in the 19% microcrystalline hydroxyapatite containing toothpaste for the subject of 85 persons of both sexes, who complained hypersensitivity. At 2 weeks and 4 weeks after periodontal treatment, comparison of control effect was performed between the 19% microcrystalline hydroxyapatite containing toothpaste group and control group. The result were as follows, 1. The main causes of dentin hypersensitivity are the root exposure with gingival recession and cervical abrasion. 2. The occurance rate of hypersensitive tooth in the upper jaw was higher than that of the lower jaw, and more or less, the molar area showed more occlurance of hypersensitivity than the premolar and incisor area in both jaw. 3. Patients showed very sensitive response to the thermal stimulus, especially cold stimulus. 4. Exellent control effect of hypersensitivity in 19% microcrystalline hydroxyapatite containing toothpaste group showed 83.02% at 2weeks, 92.45% at 4weeks and these values were higher than the control group. In conclusion, we find that 19% microcrystalline hydroxyapatite containing toothpaste have the control effect of hypersensitivity and the proper toothbrushing method is the key in attaining more effectiveness of the toothpaste.