• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.1191-1194
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• 2005

The aim of this study was to investigate the change of Heart Rate Variability(HRV) that mild cold stimulus on the forehead of healthy men induces. 34 healthy male subjects participated in the experiments. On the first test series, 15 subjects were applied to the mild cold stimulus by the devise for cold stimulation. In the second test series, 10 subjects With heat Syndrome and 5 subjects With cold Syndrome were applied to the mild cold Stimulus. Aa a additional test, 4 subjects with cold syndrome were applied to the warm stimulus in the last test series. We analyzed the HRV through measuring electrocardiogram.(ECG). The result of this study is comparatively clear. In the first test series, mild cold stimulus made parasympathetic nervous system be activated. In the second test series, mild cold stimulus made parasympathetic nervous system be activated both in subjects with heat syndrome and subjects with cold syndrome, and heat syndrome shows more active parasympathetic nervous system rather than cold syndrome subjects do. In the last test series, 2 subjects with cold syndrome respond the mild cold stimulus. That means warm stimulus of cold condition subjects made parasympathetic nervous system active in 2 of 4 subjects. We found out that mild cold stimulus on forehead makes parasympathetic nervous system be activated in healthy male, and it can be interpreted that mild cold stimulus make healthy human be relaxed. Also, subjects have different fondness of thermal stimulus according to their Cold or Heat condition Preferences. Last test series shows that we need to investigate effect of the warm stimulus heat syndrome subjects.

• 한국소성가공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소성가공학회 1998년도 금형가공 심포지엄
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• pp.43-53
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• 1998

Heat - affected zones degenerated in cold forging die have been investigated to improve the tool life. There are many cases of heat-affected zone which are degenerated in manufacturing die and using the cold forging process. In order to define amounts of grinding inmanufacturing the toolfor cold forging, we have investigated the hardness and microstructure of surface layer after EDM. Considering the results of T.R.S. and compression test, it is likely that mechanical properties of tool have been decreased sharply if the heat-affected zones degenerated by EDM were not machined properly. also analyzed the tool surfac which is fractured during the cold forging. According to the microstructures and hardness distribution, surface of many tools have been degenerated in cold forging and fractured due to the heat-affected zone.

• 근관절건강학회지
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.147-159
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• 1995

Although there are many research studies on the effectiveness of heat and cold therapy for patients with arthritis at home or health care center, little attention has been paid to determining which therapy associates with season is effective for patients with chronic arthritis. The purpose of this study was to explore the effectiveness of heat and cold therapy associated with season for patients with arthritis. An experimental design using replications with intervention was employed. A total of 27 female arthritic patients were selected. Data were collected in summer and winter. Hot bag and ice bag were applied on each patient's knee for each 20 minutes alternatively. Joint pain, discomfort and range of motion were measured. Data were analyzed using paired t-test, and two-way ANOVA. The results of this study were ; 1. Joint pain Heat therapy was effective for pain relief, as compared with cold therapy. Heat therapy was more effective for pain relief in winter than in summer. Cold therapy was effective for pain relief, but there was no statistically significant difference of pain relief between summer and winter. 2. Discomfort Discomfort was decreased using heat therapy, whereas it was increased using cold therapy. Although discomfort was decreased using heat therapy in both summer and winter, there was no statistically significant difference of discomfort between summer and winter. Using cold therapy, discomfort was decreased in summer, but increased in winter. and season had effect on discomfort. 3. Range of motion Although there was no statistically significant difference between the range of motion for both heat and cold therapy, range of motion was Increased using both heat and cold therapy. In winter, range of motion was increased rather than in summer by using heat therapy. Using cold therapy, The range of motion was decreased in both summer and winter. There was no stastistically significant difference of range of motion between heat therapy and cold therapy. Furthermore, there was no statistically significant difference of range of motion between summer and winter. In conclusion, both heat and cold therapy were effective for pain relief, discomfort, and range of motion, especially heat therapy. Heat therapy was effective for pain relief, discomfort, and range of motion in winter, as compared with summer. Cold therapy, however, was effective for only pain relief in winter, The findings suggest the use of heat therapy for patients with arthritis especially in winter.

• 사상체질의학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.76-88
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• 2009

1. Objectives: We would know what kind of symptom are different according to Cold and Heat characteristics and health state. We also tried to suggest the development of Sasang Constitution diagnosis model considering of them. 2. Methods: We recruited 1,523 subjects between 10 and 80, excluding individuals who have physically or psychologically serious disease or women in pregnancy in the 21 Oriental Medical Clinics. We seperated group according to Cold and Heat characteristics and health state in CRF(Case Report Form, C-2009-002439) questionnaire and we also developed Sasang constitution diagnosis program to compare agreement according to sex and age group with Cold/Heat and health state one. 3. Results: The number of discordance items are much more than that of accordance items in group seperated according to Cold and Heat, and Health state Sasang constitution agreement rate of Cold/Heat and health state group is higher than that of total group through program. When we diagnosed Sasang constitution with different group characteristics to know the group differences, the disparity rate of the group according to Heat/Cold and Health state is lower than that of the group according to sex and age. 4. Conclusions: As Sasang constitution characteristics are different according to Cold/Heat group and Health state classification, we can upgrade Sasang constitution agreement rate with questionnaire considered of Heat/Cold and health state.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2003년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.1566-1571
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• 2003

The cold plate used for a CEU(Control Electronics Unit) of an EV(Electric Vehicle) is extremely important since the dissipation of the heat generated from power devices like IGBT(Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor) and diode has a significant effect on the performance as well as the durability of the CED. The cold plate consists of seven power devices, and coolant flows through the passage bonded to a groove of the cold plate. In order to find out heat transfer and pressure drop characteristics, series of numerical analyses for the cold plate with enhanced coolant passages were conducted. Based on results of the numerical analyses, an improved model of the cold plate has been proposed. The experiments under the various conditions have been conducted to compare the performance of the proposed cold plate to the present one. As a result of the numerical analyses together with the experiments, the ideal design of the cold plate could be offered.

• 대한한방부인과학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.27-37
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• 2012

Purpose: Dysmenorrhea is mostly depending on the causative factor, which usually falls under the categories of Cold and Heat pattern in traditional Oriental medical theories and diagnosis. Thus, we investigated menstruation symptom and sign related to dysmenorrhea and verified the validity of Cold and Heat pattern identification. Methods: We investigated menstruation symptom and sign related to dysmenorrhea in total 14 gynecology-medical books including ${\ll}$Exemplar Of Korean Medicine (Dongui Bogam)${\gg}$ and whole body symptom and sign identifying Cold and Heat pattern at the same time. A survey based on this investigation was carried out targeting women of childbearing age. Results: According to 14 gynecology-medical books, polymenorrhea is relevant to Heat pattern, oligomenorrhea to Cold pattern and darkness of menstrual blood is relevant to Heat pattern. Among the total of 343 womens, 196 subjects suffered from dysmenorrhea. The number of dysmenorrhea with polymenorrhea(Heat pattern) was 6 person, with oligomenorrhea(Cold pattern) was 27 person. And the number of dysmenorrhea with darkness of menstrual blood(Heat pattern) was 39 person. As the result of checking correlations of menstrual symptom scores and whole body symptom scores, there was no significance of Cold and Heat pattern between menstrual symptoms and whole body symptoms. Conclusions: The results suggest that the period of menstrual cycle and the color of menstrual blood provides some informations of Cold and Heat pattern identification. But considering with other whole body symptom and sign is needed for more precise result.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.857-866
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• 2002

The main current in the pathology of oriental medicine is composed of etiologic factor, pathogenesis and clinical manifestation. The access of a disease is consist of etiologic factor, location of the lesion, nature of the disease and patient's condition. The nature of disease and the property of a drug are inseparably related to each other. The nature of disease is composed of six exogenous factors, cold and heat, deficiendy and excess, Yinyang and pain. Cold nature is divided into cold symptom due to excess and asthenia cold, fever nature is divided into sthenic fever and asthenic fever. According to the location, cold and heat can be subdivided into heat in the upper and cold in the lower, cold in the upper and heat in the lower, exterior cold and interior heat, exterior heat and interior cold. Yin syndrome characterized by hypofunction of the viscera is generated from insufficiency of yang-qi, excess of yin-coldness, deficiency of both qi and the blood.

• 대한한의진단학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.96-106
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• 2008

Background and purpose : Health is characterized by variability and a loss variability is associated with aging and disease. Normal healthy respiratory patterns are characterized by breath to breath variability. Cold-Heat score are quantified indices in Korean Medicine. The aim of this study is to analyze relations between 9 respiratory indices (including breath to breath variability) and cold-heat score by questionnaire. Method : Respiratory data were measured during 15 minutes and transferred to text file. We calculated 9 respiratory parameters in use of MATLAB7.1. After then we did correlation analysis of 9 respiratory indices and cold-heat score Results and conclusion : EIratio is showed significant correlation with Cold score and weighted Heat score.

• 한국지열·수열에너지학회논문집
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.13-20
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• 2021

The capacity optimization of the heat exchanger of the TEM dehumidifier was performed through numerical analysis. If the ratio of the size of heat exchangers on the cold and hot surfaces of the TEM is not appropriate, the larger the size of the heat exchanger results the lower performance and efficiency. Optimizing the ratio of heat exchangers on the cold surface of TEM can improve the performance and the efficiency compared to when the ratio is 50%. The optimal proportion of cold surface heat exchangers is inversely proportional to the sum of the size of the heat exchangers on the cold and hot surfaces. When the optimum ratio of cold surface heat exchanger was applied, the larger the sum of size of the two heat exchangers results the greater the improvement of the performance and efficiency, compared to when the ratio of cold surface heat exchangers is 50%.

• 대한설비공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한설비공학회 2008년도 하계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.395-401
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• 2008

Since metallic foam will increase the performance of heat exchanger, it have caused many researcher's attention recently. Our research base on the model that metallic foams applied to heat exchanger. In this case, there is three kind of heat transfer mechanisms, heat conduction in fibers, heat transfer by conduction in fluid phase, and internal heat change between solid and fluid phases. In this paper we study both the hydraulic and thermal aspect performance. Pressure drop along air flow direction will be presented. As thermal aspect, we first discuss the acceptance of applying thermal equilibrium among the two phases. then to calculate the dimensionless temperature profile, the heat transfer coefficient and Nu number in 14 metallic foams(7 Aluminium foams, 7 FeCrAlY foams). All these discussion is based on the same velocity u=2 m/s.