• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.697-704
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• 1999

청어 fillet를 천연보존제인 rosemary 추출물과 ${\alpha}-tocopherol$, 그리고 합성보존제인 BHA로 각각 처리한 후 각각 함기포장한 group과 진공포장한 group으로 나누어 각각 20, 4 및 $-20^{\circ}C$에 저장하면서 천연보존제 및 진공포장이 청어 fillet의 저장성에 미치는 효과를 검토한 결과, 청어 fillet는 $4^{\circ}C$ 저장 시 함기포장의 보존제처리구에서 모두 적어도 3일(대조구, 적어도 1일), 진공포장 시료에서는 모두 적어도 7일(대조구, 적어도 3일)동안은 품질이 양호하였으며 천연보존제 처리 및 진공포장의 효과가 뚜렷하게 나타났다. $-20^{\circ}C$ 저장의 경우, 함기포장 시료는 보존제처리구에서 모두 90일(대조구, 80일)동안, 진공포장 시료에서는 대조구 및 보존제처리구에서 모두 90일 동안 품질이 양호하였다. 한편 $20^{\circ}C$ 저장에서는 전반적으로 저장 1일 이후 품질이 크게 떨어져 식용 불가능하였다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제28권8호
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• pp.731-741
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• 1995

Cardiac valve allografts have been used as replacements for diseased valves and right ventricular outflow tract reconstruction, the long term follow-up of which has been reported satisfactory. For a good long-term result, it is essential that the allograft be viable at implantation. In this study, we aimed at preparing the cardiac valve allografts aseptically, preserving them at cold- and cryo-conditions, and testing the viability of the allografts after preservation by four methods. We tested the viability of the cardiac valve allografts preserved in cold refrigerated state[4$^{\circ}$C in nutrient media & in liquid nitrogen tank[cryopreservation under -149$^{\circ}$C for pre-planned time periods. The testing methods were 1 glucose utility test 2 tissue culture 3 thymidine uptake test and 4 histologic evidence by light microscopy. We observed no differences in the viability between cold- & cryo-groups and similar results among the methods for testing the viability. In conclusion, there was no difference in the viability between cold- and cryopreserved-allografts at least for 14 days of preservation. And glucose utility test and thymidine uptake test were satisfactory in the evaluation of the allograft viability, since they were easy and rapid with relatively quantitative results.

• 대한한의진단학회지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.203-214
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• 2013

Objectives Yusanghan(類傷寒) means disease which chills and fever manifest like Cold damage(傷寒) but not Cold damage. However, study on Yussanghan is insignificant. The purpose of this study is to examine the origin and development process of Yusanghan. Methods: 1. Terms and disease related with Yusanghan was collected from books covering Cold damage of all time and analyzed. 2. The transition history was researched by analyzing collected terms. 3. Total appearance frequency of all time by collected disease was researched. Results: Yusanghan was appeared in Hwalinseo(活人書), which Ju Geong(朱肱) of the Song Dynasty wrote, for the first time and the definition and type were established. For the types of those, there are four diseases such as Phlegm-Fluid Retention(痰飮), Food Accumulation(食積), Vexation of Deficiency Type(虛煩), Beriberi(脚氣). Since then, the theory about Yusanghan had developed and the number of types had also increased until the Myung Dynasty. Conclusions: In early days, External Contraction Diseases(外感病) was not included in Yusanghan, but since the late Myung Dynasty, there were a lot of doctors who included External Contraction Diseases in Yusanghan, not in Cold damage. There are Summerheat Stroke, Wind-Dampness(風濕), and Warm Disease(溫病) etc. for included External Contraction Diseases. Because of this, the number of types of Yusanhan had significantly increased.

• 생물환경조절학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.91-99
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• 2006

This study was conducted to determine the influence of postharvest dipping treatment with aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG) on ethylene production and composition of non-cellulosic neutral sugars in cell walls of 'Tsugaru' apple fruits during storage. Fruits were harvested on August 20, soaked in AVG 50 and 75 $mg L^{-1}$ solution for 5 minutes, and stored in cold storage chamber at $0{\pm}1^{\circ}C$ for 60 days. Fruit quality factor, ethylene productions, and cell wall component changes were investigated at 20 days interval. As a result, the fruit firmness and acid content were much higher in AVG treated fruits than those of untreated one during 60 days of cold storage. Ethylene production of AVG treated fruits was reduced to the level of 1/10 compared with untreated one. As to the change of non-cellulosic neutral sugars in the cell walls of 'Tsu- garu' fruits, the major sugar was arabinose and galactose in water, CDTA and $Na_2CO_3$ soluble fractions. The content of arabinose and galactose in untreated fruits increased as the softening of fruits was in progress, but the fruits treated with AVG showed a little change during storage, so it is predicted that these two cell wall compositional sugars were not solubilized by the treatment of AVG. Accordingly, the marketability of 'Tsu- garu' fruits could remarkably increase when soaking the fruits in AVG solution after harvest.

• 동의신경정신과학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.1-18
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• 1998

This study aimed to evaluate the anti-stress effects of soyosan and chyengansoyosan on the contents cold swimming stress.The experimental animals were forced cold swimming stress for 3 minutes, and administered 4㎎/10g of soyosan and chyengansoyosan extract for 7 days before stress. The monoamines contents were measured by HPLC method in various part of mouse brain. The following results were obtained :1. In frontal cortex, the contenrs of norepinephrine ans dopamine increased significantly in the group administered chyrngansoyosan compared with in the group administered non chyengansoyosan and soyosan(control group) of mice stressed by cold swiming.2. In hypothalamus, the content of norepinephrine increased with statistical significance in the group administered soyosan compared with control group of mice stressed by cold swimming. 3. The content of dopamine increased with statistical significance on the group administered chyenfansoyosan and compared with control group of mice stressed by cold swimming in hypothlaamus and hippocampus.4. The content of serotonin increased with statistical significance in the group administered soyosan and compared with control group of mice stressed by cold swimming in hippocampus and corpus striatum.5. In corpus striatum and hippocampus, the content of norepineohrine decreased with statistical significance in the group administered soyosan and chyengandoyosan compared with control group of mice stressed by cold swimming.Judgding from the above results, this sthdy reaches a conclusion that soyosan or chyengansoyosas has significant effects in reducing stress.

• 대한한방소아과학회지
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2022

Objectives We analyzed visiting patterns to medical institutions and cost per visit according to the common cold patients aged 0-19 years. We analyzed Korean medical treatment for common cold. Methods Using the Pediatric Patient Sample data of the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service (HIRA-PPS), we analyzed the data on health insurance claims of approximately 1 million people from 2017 to 2019. The data included the number of patients who visited the hospital due to common cold for the first and second time, the ratio of second visits by type of medical institution, and the status of prescriptions in Korean medical institutions. Results The number of patients visiting healthcare providers for common cold was higher in Western medical institutions than in Korean medical institutions. However, the number of second visits was higher in Korean medical institutions. Acupuncture is the most commonly used medical treatment in Korean medical institutions for common cold. Herbal medicine for common cold was usually prescribed for 2-3 days for children and adolescents. Conclusions Although the average medical cost of Korean medical institutions was higher than that of Western medical institutions, the rate of second visits to Korean medical institutions was higher because of the demand for Korean medical treatment

• KIEAE Journal
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.25-34
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• 2016

Purpose: The temperature in Seoul has risen 3 times more than the average global temperature increase for the past 100 years. Today, summer starts 15 days earlier than the early 20th century and is 32 days longer. This tendency causes rapid increase of cooling energy demand. Following this effect, seawater heat resources are to be used as an countermeasure for global warming. Incheon Port near the Western Sea has the lowest water temperature in the winter in South Korea in which it is suitable to use seawater cold heat resources. Method: The cold heat resource is gained from seawater when the water temperature is the lowest in the winter time and saved in a seasonal thermal storage. This can be used as cold heat resource in the summer time. A heat exchanger is essential to gain seawater cold energy. Due to this necessity, sea water heat resource heat exchangers are modeled by heat transfer equations and the fluid characteristics are analyzed. Also, a CFD (computational fluid dynamics) program is used to conduct simulation on the fluid characteristics of heat exchangers. The analyzed data of deducted from this process are comprehensively analyzed and discussed. Result: Regarding the performance of the heat exchanger, the heat exchanger was operated following the prediction within the range of heat transfer rate of minimum 3.3KW to maximum 33.6KW per device. In the temperature change analysis of the heat exchanger, fluid analysis by heat transfer equations almost corresponded to the temperature change by CFD simulation. Therefore, it is considered that the results of this study can be used as design data of heat exchangers.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2017년도 9th Asian Crop Science Association conference
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• pp.336-336
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• 2017

High mortality and slow growth of seedling generally occurred in tray due to cold, foggy weather and severe seedling blight. Mechanical transplanting is hampered, farmers having economic loss. A sustainable method for raising mat type seedling is necessary. Experiments were conducted on disease control and seedling growth in dry seasons. Fungicides treated/untreated seeds were sown 120-130g in each tray containing pulverized fine grain loam/sandy loam soils. Seed covered with a thin layer of soil and irrigated. It was polythene covered (PC) for 72h and then every night along with 2/3 sprinkler irrigation (SI) per day. Untreated seedlings infected 53-93%. Pyraclostrobin, Azoxystrobin and Azoxystrobin+Difeconazole treated seeds/sprayed (72h) seedlings had no disease. Seedling height was 11.7-13.2 cm with compact and thick root mat at 25 days. Seeds treated at 0.2-0.3% (18-20h) showed no disease but severely in untreated seeds in all locations. Seedling height (13.8 cm), leaf age (3.7) and root number (8.5) were better when NPK were applied at 3-4-3 g/tray. Spraying of urea (1%) in addition with MOP, theovit and $ZnSo_4$ at 0.6-0.6-0.2% on 7 and $15^{th}$ days was also effective. PC showed significant growth (29.1-34.5%). Root mat was not good in flooded irrigation (FI). Disease was higher in SI (66.7-97.3%) than FI (0.7-3.7%) in untreated seeds regardless of polythene use. The protocol would be effective for raising mat type seedling in cold environment.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.183-187
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• 1983

시비수준(施肥水準)을 달리하여 저온처리를 하였을 때 내냉성(耐冷性)이 다른 수도품종간(水稻品種間) 당양특성(堂養特性)이 어떻게 변화되는지를 알고자 질소(窒素)와 인산(燐酸)의 수준(水準)을 달리하여 재배(栽培) 한30일묘(日苗)를 상온(常溫)(대조구)와 저온(低溫)($15^{\circ}C$ 생육상(生育床))에서 각각(各各) 12일간(日間) 생육(生育)시킨 후 건물중(乾物重)과 식물체중(植物體中) 무기성분(無機成分) 함량(含量)을 조사(調査)한 결과(結果) 다음과 같다. 1. 저온구 수도체는 대조구에 비(比)하여 평균, 건물중(乾物重) 29.4%, 인산(燐酸) 21.3%, 질소(窒素) 15.3%, 가리(加里) 10.1% 규산함량(珪酸含量) 8.70%로 감소(減少)하였다. 2. 대조구에 비(比)하여 저온처리에 의한 인산함량(燐酸含量) 감소율(減少率)은 수도품종(水稻品種)의 내냉성(耐冷性) 강중약(强中弱) 순(順)으로 13.5%, 19.5%, 31.1%이었고 질소(窒素)는 13.5%~16.0%, 가리(加里)는 6.9%~12.9%, 규산함량(珪酸含量)은 5.1%~12.8% 범위(範圍)에서 감소(減少)되었다. 3. 저온처리한 수도체의 인산(燐酸)과 규산함량(珪酸含量)은 내냉성(耐冷性)을 달리하는 품종간(品種間) 차이(差異)를 보이므로써 저온저항성(低溫抵抗性)의 판단(判斷) 지표(指標)로 볼 수 있었다. 4. 질소증시에 따라 저온수도체의 규산함량(珪酸含量)은 약간 증가하고 규산함량(珪酸含量)은 크게 떨어졌으며 인산(燐酸)의 증시로는 질소(窒素) 및 규산함량(珪酸含量)이 다같이 증가되었다.

• 한국동물학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.107-120
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• 1986

한냉환경에 Sprague-Dawley계 웅성흰쥐를 순화시켜 SLDH, SLDH 동위효소, SALP, SALP 동위효소 및 SCPK 등의 활성치의 보상 변화에 따른 변화를 관찰 검토하였다. 한냉순화는 $4\\pm1^\\circC$(상대습도 70$\\sim$80%)에서 안정상태로 36일간 순화처리 하였으며 SLDH의 활성치는 한냉순화 초기에 유의성 있게 증가하였으나 곧 감소되어 정상치로 접근하며 36일구 까지 항정상태를 지속하였으며, 대조군의 SLDH 동위효소는 주로 3개의 전기영동분획 즉 $LDH_1, LDH_2, LDH_4 및 LDH_5$를 나타냈으나 한냉순화 기간중에는 3개의 분획 즉 $LDH_1, LDH_2 및 LDH_3$가 나타났으며, 한냉순화 시의 SLDH의 상승은 $SLDH_1, SLDH_2 및 SLDH_3$의 반영이라고 생각되며 SALP의 활성치는 한냉순화 초기에 유의적으로 증가하였으나 곧 감소되어 정상치로 접근하여 36일구까지 항정상태를 지속하였고, 대조군의 SALP동위효소는 2개의 전기영동분획을 지속하고 있으며, 한냉순화군 초기의 SALP 활성치의 증가는 $SALP_1$ 분획의 즉각적인 증가의 반영임을 알 수 있고, 한냉순화로 인하여 SCPK의 활성치는 순화초기에 유의적으로 상승하였으나 곧이어 안정치로 접근하여 순화 말기까지 항정상태를 지속하였다. 한냉순화$(4\\pm1^\\circC)$처리는 한냉 초기에 SLDH, SLDH 동위효소, SALP, SALP 동위효소 및 SCPK 활성치 모두에 영향을 끼치는 것으로 생각되며 따라서 상기 각종 효소가 직접 또는 간접적으로 열적조절에 관여하는 것으로 생각된다.