• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.315-320
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• 2009

플래시 메모리는 데이터 변경 시에 덮어쓰기가 되지 않아 해당 데이터를 새로운 영역에 쓰기 이전에 존재하던 데이터는 무효화시켜야 하고 가비지 컬렉션 시 소거해야 한다. 플래시 메모리의 빠른 발전속도에 힘입어 플래시메모리의 용량은 급속도로 증가하고 있다. 플래시 메모리의 용량이 대용량화됨에 따라 소거대상 블록을 선택할 때 전체 플래시 메모리를 대 상으로 탐색을 실시하면 CPU의 수행시간이 많이 증가하는 문제점이 있다. 이 단점을 개선하기 위해 플래시 메모리를 그룹으로 분할하여 관리하고 소거대상 블록을 선택할 때 해당 그룹을 대상으로 탐색을 수행한다. 접근 지역성을 가지는 작업부하에 대해 hot 데이터는 hot 그룹에 배치하고, cold 데이터는 cold 그룹에 배치하여 그룹 내에서의 wear-leveling을 개선하고, 주기적으로 hot 그룹의 역할과 cold 그룹의 역할을 교환하여 전체플래시 메모리의 wear-leveling과 성능을 개선하였다.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제43권6호
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• pp.1063-1074
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• 2022

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the differences in the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) according to the Sasang constitution (SC) and cold and heat pattern identification (CHPI). Methods: SC, CHPI, MetS, and component data were obtained from 2,561 participants in 26 Korean medical clinics from 2007 to 2013. SC, diagnosed by Korean medicine doctors, was confirmed by positive responses to herbal medicines administered according to that constitution. The CHPI was verified by a questionnaire about thermal sensitivity and drinking habits. The diagnosis criteria for MetS were: 1) waist circumference (WC) ≥90 cm (male) and ≥80 cm (female); 2) triglycerides ≥150 mg/dL; 3) high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) <40 mg/dL (male) and <50 mg/dL (female); 4) blood pressure ≧130/85 mmHg; and 5) fasting blood glucose ≥100 mg/dL. Odds ratios (ORs) and differences in MetS and its components were compared using logistic regression and ANCOVA. Results: The MetS prevalence rates were 54.1%, 22.0%, and 33.3% for Taeeumin (TE), Soeumin (SE), and Soyangin (SY), respectively, and 30.5% and 44.5% for the cold and heat patterns, respectively. ANCOVA for MetS components showed significantly higher WC in TE than in SE or SY, and all components except HDL were higher in the heat pattern group than in the cold pattern group. Logistic regression for MetS prevalence showed a significant association between TE and the heat pattern group (OR=1.653) but not for non-TE and the cold pattern group. Conclusions: Considering SC and CHPI together may be more effective in managing MetS than considering SC alone.

• 산업융합연구
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• 제21권8호
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• pp.43-49
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• 2023

2018년부터 기후변화에 따른 폭염과 한파에 의해 사회기반시설에 점증적으로 많은 피해를 미치고 있다. 최근 4년간 기후변화에 따른 영향 중에 냉해에 대한 피해가 매년 증가하여 특정 지역에 국한되었던 피해가 이제는 전국에 걸쳐서 나타나고 있으며, 이를 최소화하기 위한 각계각층의 전문가들에 의한 노력이 집중되고 있다. 그러나 불연속적으로 측정되는 데이터들 속에서 지역 특색을 반영하고자 하는 기존 연구들에서는 갑작스럽게 발생하는 이상 저온에 대한 실시간 관측 연구는 쉽지 않은 상황이다. 본 연구에서는 냉해 발생에 영향을 미치는 기상 데이터를 기준으로 냉해 피해가 발생하였던 시점의 기상 패턴을 탐색한 후 이상저온 발생 시점을 확인할 수 있는 알고리즘 패턴 개발을 하였다. 본 연구의 결과물은 과거의 데이터에 의존하지 않고 실시간으로 발생하는 데이터에 의한 이상저온이 발생한 시점을 시간 시점에서 확인할 수 있다는 점에서 지역적 기상 편차를 의식하지 않고 확인이 가능하다는 점에서, 이상저온 발생 시점 데이터를 확보할 수 있다는 점에서 관련 분야에 많은 도움이 될 것으로 기대할 수 있다.

• 대한예방한의학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.109-118
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• 2024

Objectives : This study aimed to investigate the relationship between cold feet and sleep quality using polysomnography (PSG) and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Methods : We divided 11 adults (6 females, 5 males) with Insomnia Severity Index score below 21 into cold feet (CF) and a non-cold feet (NCF) group based on the median feet temperature (Taichong, LR3). PSG and PSQI were administered to assess sleep characteristics and subjective sleep quality. Results : CF group exhibited significantly lower time in bed, sleep period time, and total sleep time compared to NCF group. While there were no significant group differences in sleep latency, wakefulness after sleep onset, or total arousal index, NCF group had significantly lower minimum oxygen saturation and apnea-hypopnea index in REM (rapid eye movement) sleep compared to CF group. Although the PSQI score and the proportion of poor sleepers were both higher in the CF group (7.40 and 80%) compared to the NCF group (5.50 and 50%), these differences did not reach statistical significance. Conclusions : This study showed that foot temperature affects sleep characteristics and suggests the need to utilize PSG in sleep research in Korean medicine.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 제어로봇시스템학회 2003년도 ICCAS
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• pp.1323-1326
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• 2003

In this paper, we propose set-up model of silicon steel cold rolling mill. Until now, the working of Silicon Steel is operated using the look-up table value of roll force which a field operator finds by making good use of his experience. Therefore, the standardization of data and an improvement of the quality on product are very difficult. So we establish neural model using field data of various kinds of coil at each pass.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제12권5호
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• pp.33-40
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• 2014

Purpose - This paper aims to review cold chain management, especially in the pharmaceutical industry, to explore the cold chain process of delivering temperature-sensitive pharmaceutical products, and to identify areas for further development. Research design, data, and methodology - The paper, based on literature review and corporate analysis, reviews the development and status of the cold supply chain system, including its important role in the pharmaceutical industry. Results - Logistics in this field requires more stages than are typically needed. Due to the unique characteristics of the market, few companies can provide the services; currently, only few global companies with large networks and high technologies can afford to do so. Expanding pharmaceutical markets to meet global demand will require cold chain development, especially in "pharmerging" markets. Conclusions - Cold chain is a highly sensitive market in terms of products being carried within the chain that itself is a complex system. However, at the same time, it is a niche market with new opportunities. Hence, a sound cold chain infrastructure is needed to satisfy companies, governments, and customers for both commercial and public reasons.

• 대한한의진단학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.72-80
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• 2009

Objective: We performed this study to check relationship of Cold-Heat attribute analyzed quantitatively by questionnaire with acoustic analysis index. Method : We checked a questionnaire composed of 15 items about the contents of Cold-Heat and asked 83 subjects to answer in the form Likert-like 7-points score. And then, we extracted Cold-Heat attribute from heat score, cold score, heat index and cold index. we measured the acoustic analysis indexes of cardinal vowels by Dr. speech program. Afterward, the data were analyzed by correlation analysis. Results : All cardinal vowels is positive correlated with cold score, heat score and cold index. NNE of vowel /a/ is negative correlated with cold index. Shimmer and F0 tremor of vowel /e/ is negative correlated with cold index. Jitter of vower /u/ is positive correlated with Cold score.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제50권
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• pp.225-231
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• 2023

Cold stress is one of the most vulnerable environmental stresses that affect plant growth and crop yields. With the recent advancements in genetic approaches using Arabidopsis and other model systems, genes involved in cold-stress response have been identified and the key cold signaling factors have been characterized. Exposure to low-temperature stress triggers the activation of a set of genes known as cold regulatory (COR) genes. This activation process plays a crucial role in enhancing the resistance of plants to cold and freezing stress. The inducer of the C-repeatbinding factor (CBF) expression 1-CBF module (ICE1-CBF module) is a key cold signaling pathway regulator that enhances the expression of downstream COR genes; however, this signaling module in Panax ginseng remains elusive. Here, we identified cold-signaling-related genes, PgCBF1, PgCBF3, and PgICE1 and conducted functional genomic analysis with a heterologous system. We confirmed that the overexpression of cold- PgCBF3 in the cbf1/2/3 triple Arabidopsis mutant compensated for the cold stress-induced deficiency of COR15A and salt-stress tolerance. In addition, nuclearlocalized PgICE1 has evolutionarily conserved phosphorylation sites that are modulated by brassinsteroid insensitive 2 (PgBIN2) and sucrose non-fermenting 1 (SNF1)-related protein kinase 3 (PgSnRK3), with which it physically interacted in a yeast two-hybrid assay. Overall, our data reveal that the regulators identified in our study, PgICE1 and PgCBFs, are evolutionarily conserved in the P. ginseng genome and are functionally involved in cold and abiotic stress responses.

• 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국해양정보통신학회 2007년도 추계종합학술대회
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• pp.574-577
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• 2007

디스크에서는 데이터가 변경되면 해당 영역에 겹쳐 쓰기를 수행하나 플래시 메모리에서는 겹쳐 쓰기가 수행되지 않아 데이터가 변경될 때 새로운 영역에 데이터를 갱신한다. 따라서 이전의 데이터는 쓸모없는 데이터가 되기 때문에 가비지 컬렉션을 통해 지움 연산을 수행하여 새로운 영역을 확보하게 된다. 지움(erase) 연산을 수행할 수 있는 회수가 플래시 메모리의 특성에 의해 일정 회수로 제한을 받게 되므로 플래시 메모리의 모든 블록은 고르게 쓰여 지고 지워져야 한다. 본 논문은 지역성을 가지는 접근에서 wear-leveling을 개선하기 위한 방법으로 hot 데이터와 cold 데이터를 서로 다른 뱅크에 저장하고 시간이 흐름에 따라 일정주기로 cold 뱅크와 hot 뱅크를 교환하는 CB-MB(Cost Benefit between Multi Bank) 방법을 제안하고 성능을 평가하였다. CB-MB는 uniform한 작업부하에 대해서는 다른 방법들과 유사한 성능을 보이는 반면 접근 지역성을 가지는 작업부하에 대해서는 상대적으로 월등한 성능을 제공하는 것으로 분석되었다.

• 대한임베디드공학회논문지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.125-134
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• 2016

NAND flash memory has unique characteristics like as 'out-place-update' and limited lifetime compared with traditional storage systems. According to out-of-place update scheme, a number of invalid (or called dead) pages can be generated. In this case, garbage collection is needed to reclaim invalid pages. Because garbage collection results in not only erase operations but also copy operations of valid (or called live) pages to other blocks, many garbage collection techniques have proposed to reduce the overhead and to increase the lifetime of NAND Flash systems. This techniques sometimes select victim blocks including cold data for the wear leveling. However, most of them overlook the cost of selecting victim blocks including cold data. In this paper, we propose a garbage collection technique named CAPi (Cost Age with Proportion of invalid pages). Considering the additional overhead of what to select victim blocks including cold data, CAPi improves the response time in garbage collection and increase the lifetime in memory systems. Additionally, the proposed scheme also improves the efficiency of garbage collection by separating cold data from hot data in valid pages. In experimental evaluation, we showed that CAPi yields up to, at maximum, 73% improvement in lifetime compared with existing garbage collections.