• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.24 no.3 s.89
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• pp.103-112
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• 2006

For recent innovation of If technology and the beginning of Digital Multimedia Broadcasting (DMB) service, it has been dramatically increased to setup TV system in a car for watching TV and receiving traffic Information. Watching TV while driving would distract a driver s cognitive and visual attention as eating food, operating the radio, using a cell phone. However, there is paucity of empirical researches and it is uncertain how watching TV in driving impacts on the driver's cognition in the concrete. Therefore, we surveyed domestic drivers on the attitude watching TV while driving as well as conducted experiments through a driving simulator. Especially, we recruited two groups of participants to explore the effects of watching TV on driving behavior. The result proved that the participants who watched TV while their driving had relatively narrower the attention span than the Participants who did not watch TV. Also, those who watched TV drove with less stability and more urgent operations of the brake and accelerator than those who did not watched TV Finally, we discussed limitations and implications of the study.

• Journal of Global Scholars of Marketing Science
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.1-21
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• 2007

This study seeks to understand the effects of information search activities and brand image on the hotel patronage intention based on the theory of reasoned action. First, it investigates the influence of attitude formed about hotel on the patronage intention. Second, it seeks to develope an alternative to TRA by looking into the effects of hotel image variable on hotel-specific attitude and patronage intention and attempts to substantiate the role of brand image as a substitute to subjective norm to increase the TRA's explanatory power. The main finding of this study are as follow; First, out of the three components of cognitive evaluation of hotel (human service, physical service and information service), human and physicial services were found to have significant influence on patronage intention. Brand image was found to exert notable influence on attitude toward hotel as well as patronage intention. Remarkably, the finding that brand image positively enhanced the TRA model sheds new strategic insight as to the usefulness of brand image as an alternative to overcome the TRA's limitation stemming from subjective norm. Third, it was learned that study subjects gave more weight to external information sources such as TV, radio, newspaper, magazine, and internet than to internal sources such as individual knowledge, experience or self image.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.39-47
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• 2008

With dramatic development of IT technology and start of DMB service, installing the DMB equipment in a vehicle for watching TV programs and literal or pictorial traffic information are increasing. Watching the DMB during driving the vehicle could cause visual and cognitive distraction to drivers as much as eating food, operating radio and using mobile phone. However, there is not much empirical research for this topic and no research examined the effect of watching the DMB on driving behaviors in Korea. So, the present study examined the effect of watching the DMB on the driving behaviors with car simulator experiment. Within subject design was used in the study. That is, all subjects drove the vehicle both in the watching DMB condition and the non-watching DMB condition. The results indicated that subjects in the watching DMB condition took longer time to arrive at the destination and operated accelerator and brake pedal rapidly than subjects in the non-watching DMB condition. That is, their overall driving stability was lower than non-watching subjects'. Additionally, we examined the difference among the DMB control conditions (i.e., keypad condition, touch-pad condition and remote controller condition) in the driving behaviors. Finally, we discussed the limitations and the implications of the present study.

• The Journal of Korea Institute of Information, Electronics, and Communication Technology
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.24-32
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• 2023

The current Private 5G use procedure goes through the step of application examination, use and usage inspection, and can be divided in to application, examination step as a procedure before frequency allocation, and use, usage inspection step as a procedure after frequency allocation. Various types of documents are required to apply for a Private 5G, and due to the document screening process and radio station inspection for using Private 5G frequencies, the procedure for Private 5G applicants to use Private 5G is complicated and takes a considerable amount of time. In this paper, we proposed Frequency Allocation Process for Private 5G using a blockchain platform, which is fast and simplified than the current procedure. Through the use of a blockchain platform and NFT (Non-Fungible Token), reliability and integrity of the data required in the frequency allocation process were secured, and security of frequency usage information was maintained and a reliable Private 5G frequency allocation process was established. Also by applying the RPA system that minimizes human intervention, fairness was secured in the process of allocating Private 5G. Finally, the frequency allocation process of Private 5G based on the Ethereum blockchain was performed though a simulation.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.55-68
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• 2023

In recent years, the Television White Space (TVWS) has attracted the interest of many researchers due to its propagation characteristics obtainable between 470MHz and 790MHz spectrum bands. The plenty of unused channels in the TV spectrum allows the secondary users (SUs) to use the channels for broadband services especially in rural areas. However, when the number of SUs increases in the TVWS wireless network the aggregate interference also increases. Aggregate interferences are the combined harmful interferences that can include both co-channel and adjacent interferences. The aggregate interference on the side of Primary Users (PUs) has been extensively scrutinized. Therefore, resource allocation (power and spectrum) is crucial when designing the TVWS network to avoid interferences from Secondary Users (SUs) to PUs and among SUs themselves. This paper proposes a model to improve the resource allocation for reducing the aggregate interface among SUs for broadband services in rural areas. The proposed model uses joint power and spectrum hybrid Firefly algorithm (FA), Genetic algorithm (GA), and Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm (PSO) which is considered the Co-channel interference (CCI) and Adjacent Channel Interference (ACI). The algorithm is integrated with the admission control algorithm so that; there is a possibility to remove some of the SUs in the TVWS network whenever the SINR threshold for SUs and PU are not met. We considered the infeasible system whereby all SUs and PU may not be supported simultaneously. Therefore, we proposed a joint spectrum and power allocation with an admission control algorithm whose better complexity and performance than the ones which have been proposed in the existing algorithms in the literature. The performance of the proposed algorithm is compared using the metrics such as sum throughput, PU SINR, algorithm running time and SU SINR less than threshold and the results show that the PSOFAGA with ELGR admission control algorithm has best performance compared to GA, PSO, FA, and FAGAPSO algorithms.