• 한국인지과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국인지과학회 2005년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.198-201
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• 2005

Despite the intense studies of face processing in the past few decades, we know little about what neural correlates are involved in the configural and featural face processing. The aim of the study was to find whether the neural correlates for configural and featural face processing is different and if so, where and how their neural correlates operate for the face recognition. We found inferior temporal gyrus

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제41권2호
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• pp.204-212
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• 2020

This study aimed to investigate the effect of traditional Korean medical treatments on a stroke patient with gait disturbance, cognitive impairment, dysuria, and dysphagia. A 78-year-old female with chronic middle cerebral artery infarction had symptoms of gait disturbance, cognitive impairment, dysuria, and dysphagia. After being treated with Korean medicine therapies, including acupuncture and herbal medicine, the patient's symptoms were significantly improved. During all the treatments, Indices including manual muscle test, functional ambulation category, functional independence measuring, mini-mental state examination-K, global deterioration scale, pelvic symmetry, functional ambulation profile used to evaluate her symptoms indicated improvement in her symptoms, without any side effects. Traditional Korean medical treatments, such as acupuncture and herbal medicine, can be considered to be effective therapies for a stoke patient who has symptoms of gait disturbance, cognitive impairment, dysuria, and dysphagia.

• 한국인지과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국인지과학회 2006년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.53-58
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• 2006

We examined the cerebral activation of the emotional and linguistic attributes during the visual word recognition. This research investigated the affective priming effect preserving the behavioral paradigm. We used the primed-evaluation task in which the participants classify the target as positive or negative, and manipulated the emtional attributes by emtional relations of the prime-target word pairs(PP, PN, NP, NN). ROIs analyses for the semantic processing and emotional processing were performed. The results showed that the semantic processing areas including the IPL, SMG, and aSTS were activated differently according to the experimental condition. The activations of the IPL were increased only on the NN condition, whereas the activation of the SMG was decreased only on the PP condition. Furthmore, the activation of the emotional processing areas including the mPFC and ACC, was different according to the emotional realtions of word pairs. Similar to the SMG, the BOLD signal of the mPFC was decreaed only on the PP condition, whereas the activation of ACC was Increased only on the NN condition. These results were seemed to show the interact ive cerebral activations for processing the emtoional and linguistic attributes in a word, during visual word recognition.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.34-43
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• 2007

Background: Previous research has suggested that single doses of a standardised Panax ginseng extract can decrease fasted blood-glucose levels and modulate cognitive performance in healthy young volunteers. The latter has generally been seen in terms of improved secondary memory performance. However, both the cognitive effects of chronic administration of ginseng and the potential modulation of working memory have received comparatively little research attention. Aims: The current double-blind, placebo-controlled, balanced cross-over study investigated the effects of 8-weeks administration of Korean ginseng extract (200 mg) on cognitive performance, gluco-regulatory parameters and ratings of subjective mood and 'quality of life'. Methods: 'Eighteen healthy young participants were assessed pre-dose and 3 hours post-dose on the mornings of Day 1, Day 29 and Day 57 of 8 week treatment regimens of both placebo and ginseng. A four-week placebo wash-out separated the treatment phases. Each assessment included the Cognitive Drug Research battery, computerised working memory tasks, and Bond-Lader mood scales. The WHO Quality of Life scale (WHOQOL-BREF) was completed once per visit. Gluco-regulatory parameters were assessed with assays of blood glucose, insulin and HbA1c. Results: Data from the 16 participants that completed the study showed that there were no significant, acute treatment related differences on Day 1 of treatment, or in gluco-regulatory parameters throughout the study. However, time related performance improvements were evident following chronic administration of ginseng on the '3-Back' and 'Corsi-block' computerised working memory tasks. Ginseng was also associated with an improved score on the 'social relations' subscale of the WHOQOL-100, and a significant shift on the 'calm' factor of the Bond-Lader mood scales (from calm/relaxed towards excited/tense). Conclusion: The results of the current study suggest that Korean ginseng extract can modulate working memory performance and subjective ratings of 'quality of life' and mood. Replication with a larger sample size may further elucidate the actions of this product.

• 인지과학
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.61-84
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• 2018

본 논문은 신경윤리의 철학적 의미와 인지 패러다임 안에서의 독자적 위치를 검토하고, 신경윤리의 쟁점들을 고찰하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 뇌과학의 발전은 인간 정신에 대한 보다 직접적인 탐구와 개입을 가능하게 하여 전통적인 물질과 정신의 경계를 약화시키고, 인간 본성에 대한 새로운 철학적 질문들을 제기한다. 신경윤리는 기존 법적, 사회적 체계에서 포괄하기 어려운 뇌과학과 관련된 윤리적 문제들을 다루기 위하여 학제적이고 통합적 관점을 취한다. 신경윤리의 쟁점들 중에는 일부 고전적 생명윤리 쟁점과 겹치는 부분도 있지만 뇌과학과의 관련성 안에서만 특수하게 발견할 수 있는 문제들이 더 많다. 신경윤리의 고유 쟁점은 대체로 두뇌활동의 관찰과 복호화를 통한 마음읽기와 두뇌활동에 대한 개입을 통한 인지향상과 관련되어 있는데, 이러한 문제들을 다루기 위해서는 생명윤리 하위 분야를 넘어서는 독자적 분야로서의 신경 윤리가 필요하다는 주장도 제기되고 있다. 최근 뇌과학 연구 동향과 발전 단계를 고려할 때, 국내에서도 본격적인 신경윤리 논의와 관련 분야 전문가들의 협력을 시작할 필요가 있다.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.51-53
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• 2007

Ginseng shows protective and trophic effects in neurodegenerative diseases in experimental models, and showed cognitive improvement in normal population. To investigate the efficacy of ginseng in patients with Alzheimer's disease, patients, who met NINDS-ADRDA criteria for AD were studied Subjects were randomly assigned to ginseng group and control group, and ginseng group was treated with Korean white ginseng powder (4.5 g/day) for 12 weeks. Efficacy variables included changes in mini-mental status exam (MMSE) and cognitive subscales of Alzheimer's disease assessment scale (ADAS-cog) at 4 weeks and 12 weeks. Baseline MMSE and ADAS scores showed no difference between the two groups. Results showed that ginseng improved ADAS-cog compared to the control group at 12 weeks (p<0.05). MMSE was also increased by ginseng treatment compared to the control at 12 weeks (p<0.01). This study suggests the symptomatic efficacy of ginseng in patients with Alzheimer's disease.

• Clinical Psychopharmacology and Neuroscience
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.481-488
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• 2018

Preliminary studies have claimed that short term fasting would negatively affect school performance and cognition. In contrast some other studies have reported not important decline in cognition and executive function as a result of fasting. Also limited attention was generally devoted to dietetic regimens, nutritional status and body weight. Yet neuroscience and neuro-cognitive aspects of acute hunger on the electroencephalogram and differences between obese and non-obese cases is not well understood. Hence, we decided to design and perform a case study in a more controlled situation similar to reality. Therefore, we performed several examinations including subjective tests (for eating status) and objective tests (cognitive tests such as Stroop effect and Sternberg search and electroencephalogram measures such as steady-state visual evoked potential and auditory steady-state responses) for an obese and a non-obese academic case before and after a simple breakfast. The results showed that the breakfast effects on the neuro-cognitive functions depend on either obesity status, nutritional status of the case or the type of cognitive task (visual or auditory). This paper would open a new insight to answer some important questions about the neuro-cognitive implications of fasting and feeding in obese and non-obese human cases.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.297-309
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• 2016

Around the world, fermentation of foods has been adopted over many generations, primarily due to their commercial significance with enriched flavors and high-profile nutrients. The increasing application of fermented foods is further promoted by recent evidence on their health benefits, beyond the traditionally recognized effects on the digestive system. With recent advances in the understanding of gut-brain interactions, there have also been reports suggesting the fermented food's efficacy, particularly for cognitive function improvements. These results are strengthened by the proposed biological effects of fermented foods, including neuroprotection against neurotoxicity and reactive oxygen species. This paper reviews the beneficial health effects of fermented foods with particular emphasis on cognitive enhancement and neuroprotective effects. With an extensive review of fermented foods and their potential cognitive benefits, this paper may promote commercially feasible applications of fermented foods as natural remedies to cognitive problems.

• 인지과학
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.375-398
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• 2006

인간은 보고, 듣고, 따라하고, 행하고, 느끼면서 배운다. 이 모든 과정에 뇌가 관여한다. 최근 뇌과학 연구의 비약적 발전과 뇌과학 연구와 인지과학 연구의 활발한 협력은 '뇌기반 학습과학(Brain-Based Learning Science)', '교육신경과학(Educational Neuroscience)', 혹은 신경교육학(Neuro-Education)이라 불리우는 새로운 연구 분야를 탄생시켰다. 뇌기반 학습과학은 기존의 '학습과학'을 넘어서 실제 학습과 교육환경에 적지 않은 변화를 줄 것으로 기대되는 만큼 그 가능성에 대해 회의적인 입장도 공존하고 있다. 이 논문에서는 뇌기반 학습과학의 정의와 기본가정을 살펴보고, 인지신경과학의 최신 연구가 어떻게 이루어지고 있는지를 소개하고 이러한 연구결과에서 교육적 함의를 도출해 보고자 하였다. 또한 신경계에 대한 신화적 사고와 그 문제점을 열거하고, 뇌과학과 학습-교육 현장의 연계 가능성 및 향후 뇌기반 학습과학의 전망과 한계에 대해 논의하였다.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.173-182
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• 2018

Recent studies have provided several lines of evidence that peripheral administration of oxytocin induces analgesia in human and rodents. However, the exact underlying mechanism of analgesia still remains elusive. In the present study, we aimed to identify which receptor could mediate the analgesic effect of intraperitoneal injection of oxytocin and its cellular mechanisms in thermal pain behavior. We found that oxytocin-induced analgesia could be reversed by $d(CH_2)_5[Tyr(Me)^2,Dab^5]$ AVP, a vasopressin-1a (V1a) receptor antagonist, but not by $desGly-NH_2-d(CH_2)_5[D-Tyr^2,Thr^4]OVT$, an oxytocin receptor antagonist. Single cell RT-PCR analysis revealed that V1a receptor, compared to oxytocin, vasopressin-1b and vasopressin-2 receptors, was more profoundly expressed in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons and the expression of V1a receptor was predominant in transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1)-expressing DRG neurons. Fura-2 based calcium imaging experiments showed that capsaicin-induced calcium transient was significantly inhibited by oxytocin and that such inhibition was reversed by V1a receptor antagonist. Additionally, whole cell patch clamp recording demonstrated that oxytocin significantly increased potassium conductance via V1a receptor in DRG neurons. Taken together, our findings suggest that analgesic effects produced by peripheral administration of oxytocin were attributable to the activation of V1a receptor, resulting in reduction of TRPV1 activity and enhancement of potassium conductance in DRG neurons.