• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제17권11호
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• pp.463-473
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• 2016

본 연구는 요양시설에 있는 노인들의 건강상태, 일상생활수행능력, 우울, 수면과 인지기능정도와의 관련성을 파악하고자 실시하였다. 연구대상자는 요양시설에서 거주하는 만 65세 이상의 노인 204명을 대상으로 하였다. 자료는 기술적 통계, t-tset, ANOVA, pearson correlation과 hierarchical multiple regression으로 분석 하였다. 그 결과, 요양시설 노인들의 인지기능 정도와 관련성은 규칙적 운동, 입소기간, 요양등급, 신체 부자유함 유무, 듣는 능력, 치아상태, 요실금, 일상생활수행능력, 수면 등과 관련이 있었다. 인지기능정도와 상관관계에서는 일상생활수행능력과 양의 상관관계로 나타났고, 수면과 음의상관관계가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 요양시설 노인들의 인지기능장애에 영향을 미치는 요인으로는 규칙적 운동을 하지 않을 때, 입소기간이 길 때, 요양등급이 높을 때, 듣는 능력이 나쁠 때, ADL(Activities of Daily Living), IADL(Instrumental Activities of Daily Living)이 의존적일 때, 수면장애가 있을 때 인지기능장애가 높았다. 결론적으로, 요양시설 노인들의 인지기능과의 관련성은 노인 스스로 인지하는 건강상태와 감각영역 건강상태와 관련이 높으며, 이러한 인지기능장애 영향요인을 중재하기 위한 인지재활훈련 프로그램 등의 개발, 적용 및 지속적인 평가 및 관리가 요구된다.

• 재활복지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.247-259
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• 2017

출혈성 뇌졸중 후 인지기능의 저하는 장기적 기능회복에 영향을 주는 주요한 인자이다. 이에 저자들은 출혈성 뇌졸중 환자에서 주요 회복시기에 따른 인지기능의 변화와 일상생활활동 독립수준 및 삶의 질의 변화를 추적하고, 인지 기능 변화와 관련된 연관 요인을 파악하며, 이를 통한 향후 관리방안 제시를 위한 기초자료를 마련하고자 이 연구를 시행하였다. 1개 상급종합병원에 입원한 초발 출혈성 뇌졸중 환자 25명의 환자를 대상으로 발병 후 7일, 발병 후 3개월, 발병 후 6개월, 발병 후 12개월 시점에 Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), 한국형 정신상태 간이검사(K-MMSE), 한국판 수정바델 지수(K-MBI), 건강관련 삶의 질 지수(EQ-5D)를 사용하여 연구 대상자의 인지기능을 포함한 전반적인 기능 변화와 관련한 평가를 시행하였다. K-MMSE는 발병 후 7일 $13.32{\pm}11.80$점, 3개월 15점, 6개월 17점, 12개월에 18점으로 의미 있는 회복을 보였으며(p=0.007), GCS, K-MBI, EQ-5D와 같은 다른 기능평가에서도 시간의 경과에 따라 의미 있는 개선을 보였다(p<0.01). 발병 12개월의 인지기능에 영향을 미치는 요인 분석에서 발병 당시의 연령 및 출혈성 뇌졸중의 유형, 발병 7일의 GCS이 통계적으로 유의한 연관성을 나타내었다. 본 연구를 통해 출혈성 뇌졸중 환자에 있어서 지속적으로 인지 기능을 포함한 전반적인 기능 회복이 발병 후 1년까지도 이루어짐을 확인하였고, 이에 관련된 연관 요인을 확인함으로써, 출혈성 뇌졸중 환자의 기능회복에 대한 이해와 그에 대한 지속적인 관리 및 치료의 필요성을 높일 수 있는 근거가 될 수 있을 것으로 보인다.

• 성인간호학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.78-88
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• 2007

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to find out the degree of cognitive function among the elderly and to confirm its correlated factors. Methods: The subjects consisted of 392 elderly people over the age 65 who were living in Busan. Data were collected by the interview method, using a structured questionnaire and the K-MMSE scale. Results: The average points of the elderly's cognitive functions measured by K-MMSE were 23.76(${\pm}4.02$). With the cut-off point for cognitive impairment set as 24 points below using K-MMSE scale, 38.8% of the subjects have cognitive impairments. Among the variables related to cognitive functions, literacy showed the highest correlation with cognitive function(${\beta}=.330$, t=7.249, p<.001), followed in order by educational level, age, depression level, attendance of elderly's college, and religious activity. The total explanatory power of these variables is 36%. Conclusion: In order to prevent cognitive impairment among the elderly, elderly people have to maintain social relationships continuously, and expand the social network by participating in the related programs. Some efforts to prevent the occurrence of depression and to stimulate patients' brain activity need to be recommended.

• 성인간호학회지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.451-462
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• 2001

This study was conducted to examine and compare the characteristics in the cognitive functions of peritoneal dialysis, hemodialysis and normal kidney function groups as basic data for effectively educating dialysis patients. The data were collected from May 10 to October 30. 2000, collected from each of 20 patients with peritoneal dialysis, hemodialysis and normal Kidney function and who registered for the dialysis room at a general hospital affiliated to a university in Seoul and sampled by age and educational level through personal interviews with the researchers of this study. As a measuring tool, MMSE developed by Folstein et al.(1975) to measure cognitive function disorder was used, slightly revised for hemodialysis patients. Collected data were processed into frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation by the use of SAS. The results of this study are as follows : 1. With a maximum of 30 points for cognitive function, the mean of the peritoneal dialysis patients was $27.06{\pm}2.06$, while that of the hemodialysis patients was $27.25{\pm}2.76$; that of the normal Kidney function patients was $27.85{\pm}2.00$, indicating no significant difference among those three groups. 2. As for the subjects who scored 23 points, the turning point of confirming the cognitive disorder, the percentage was 5% in the case of the peritoneal dialysis, 10% in the case of the hemodialysis and 5% in the case of the normal Kidney function group. 3. Differences between the peritoneal dialysis and hemodialysis patients by gender, occupation, spouse, diabetes, hypertension, the period of dialysis, number of hospitalizations, and the use of erythropoietin were not significant in the scoring of cognitive function. 4. There was no significant correlation between the level of Hb, Hct, albumin, aluminium, PTH, BUN, Cr, dialysis adequacy and the cognitive function. Considering such results, it is clear that there is no significant difference in the cognitive functions of the sampled subjects. Therefore, the nurse in the dialysis room should continually carry out assessment and intervention against elements degrading the effect of patients' education to improve self- care.

• 대한물리의학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.211-221
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• 2010

Purpose : The purpose of this study is to find out the effects of combined exercise including walking and yoga on cognitive functions in the elderly women. Methods : Sixteen elderly women aged above 65 are invited in this study. Each subject participated in exercise three times a week for eight weeks from July 14th to September 13th in 2008. The changes between pre and post exercise are analyzed by Wilcoxon sign rank test and repeated ANOVA test with SPSS (ver 17.0) package program. Results : After exercise, In the below 23 points group, only interference STROOP test (p<.05) among sub items of Cognition Scale for Older Adults (CSOA) is improved significantly. In the above 24 points group, words memory (p<.05), delayed recall (p<.05), and picture naming (p<.05) among sub items of CSOA are improved significantly. But it is no different to the change patterns among two groups. Conclusion : These results show that combined exercise including walking and yoga is helpful to improve cognitive functions. And we find that exercise is helpful in the above 24 points elderly women more than in the below 23 points.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.11-20
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of dual-task training with cognitive effort on the walking and balance functions of chronic stroke patients. The study included 14 chronic stroke patients, who were randomly divided into the experimental group (EG) and control group (CG), each with 7 patients. The EG performed the dual-task training with cognitive effort 3 times a week, 30 minutes for 4 weeks, where as the CG performed single-task training three times a week, for 30 minutes for 4 weeks. Outcome assessments were made with 10 m walk test, timed up and go test, 6 minutes walk test, and Berg balance scale. In within-group comparison, subjects from the EG showed significant differences in all variables (p<.05), while subjects from the CG showed only significant differences in 6 minutes walk test, and Berg balance scale (p<.05). Further, there was significant difference in the improvement rate of 10 m walk test. The findings suggest that the dual-task with cognitive effort may be beneficial for improving walking and balance functions of patients with chronic stroke.

• 수산해양교육연구
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.278-290
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between learning skills and cognitive functions on elementary school students. In this study CAS and Learning Skills Test(LST) were administered with 3 to 6 grade, 60 students from 5 elementary schools. The data were analyzed according to Pearson's correlation and Stepwise Multiple Regression Analysis. The results are as follows. Firstly, girls and older students showed significantly higher ability than boys and younger students on the learning skills. And girls significantly outperformed boys on the planning function and attention function and on the simultaneous cognitive function was the other way round. Secondly, learning skills were explained 41% by two variables that the planning function and the successive function which are sub factors of the cognitive function. And then, planning and successive processing effected to self-management, attention and planning to test-taking skills, successive processing and attention to class-participation skills, and successive processing to information processing.

• 대한건축학회논문집:계획계
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• 제34권11호
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• pp.67-74
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• 2018

With the rapid increase in the elderly population, numerous problems arise related to the decreased cognitive function such as the declines of reaction time and concentration which are both resulting from ageing. Recently, ICT-based smart home and other residential services are being developed as a means of complementing human cognitive functions, but the elderly, who are in most cases digital-illiterate, find it hard to utilize these tools actively and if so it usually takes longer time and endeavor for the elderly to be familiarized with ICT devices. In this context, this study suggests a configuration of the holographic system in houses that complement the cognitive function of the elderly with the consideration of the interaction with the vision which is a critical function in the cognitive process. The method of this study consists of a literature review on topics including the characteristics of the cognitive function among the elderly, holographic technology and residential services; a configuration of residential services for different space types, depending on the aspects of the cognitive function among the elderly; and finally a suggestion of a holographic system configuration and application depending on various scenarios.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제51권3호
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• pp.294-304
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• 2021

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate objectively measured physical activity (PA) in institutionalized older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and to elucidate the influence of autonomic nervous function, salivary cortisol, and PA on cognitive functions based on neurovisceral integration model. Methods: Overall cognitive function was evaluated using the mini-mental state examination (MMSE) and executive function was evaluated using semantic verbal fluency test and clock drawing test. Actigraph for PA, HRV and sAA for autonomous function, and the geriatric depression scale for depression were used. Saliva specimens were collected in the morning for sAA and cortisol. Results: Ninety-eight older adults from four regional geriatric hospitals participated in the study. They took 4,499 steps per day on average. They spent 753.93 minutes and 23.12 minutes on average in sedentary and moderate-to-vigorous activity, respectively. In the multiple regression analysis, lower salivary cortisol level (β = - .33, p = .041) and greater step counts (β = .37, p = .029) significantly improved MMSE score. Greater step count (β = .27, p = .016) also exerted a significant influence on verbal fluency, and greater sAA (β= .35, p = .026) was significantly associated with a better clock drawing test result. Conclusion: Salivary cortisol, sAA and physical activity were significantly associated with cognitive functions. To prevent older adults from developing dementia, strategies are needed to increase their overall PA amount by decreasing sedentary time and to decrease salivary cortisol for cognitive function, and to maintain their sympathetic nervous activity for executive function.

• 동의신경정신과학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.63-74
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• 2013

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of 3 day Forests healing programs for cognitive improvement, which consists of helpful contents of Korean medicine. Methods : This study examined the effects of forests healing for mild cognitive impairment patients, who visited a Korean medicine hospital neuropsychiatry clinic for outpatients. The Forests healing programs for cognitive improvement was run with 24 participants, in which 9 of them quit in the middle of the program, so excluded in data analysis. The Forests healing programs for cognitive improvement was consisted of 3 day helpful Korean medicine contents. The primary outcome measurement was a Computerized Neurocognitive Test (CNT), which measured the cognitive functions with computer programs. Results : The results of this study showed that CNT scores were not significantly changed after 3 day forests healing. General psychological states, including depression, anxiety, and anger, were also checked. Among them, depressive mood significantly improved. Quality of life (QOL) was also enhanced after 3 day program. These results indicate that the 3 day Forests healing programs for cognitive improvement was effective for depressive mood and QOL of mild cognitive impairment patients, but not enough for cognitive functions directly. Conclusions : The 3 day Forests healing programs for cognitive improvement were shown to be an effective intervention in improving some aspects of mild cognitive impairment patients, including depressive mood, and QOL. We suggest that repeated participation of this program can enhance cognitive function of mild cognitive impairment patients.