• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.20-32
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• 2002

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Codonopsis lanceolatae on the melanogenesis of HM3KO human melanoma cells biologically. The cells were treated for 3 days and 5 days with Codonopsis lanceolatae at several concentrations. The effects on tyrosinase activity and melanin contents were examined. And DOPAchrome tautomerase(TRP-2) activity was also examined to search a pathway influencing this inhibitory effect. 1. It was examined mushroom tyrosinase activity was significantly inhibited by Codonopsis lanceolatae. 2. Treatment with Codonopsis lanceolatae did not affect cell viability at the highest concentration, 1 ㎎／ml, and suppressed melanin contents as a time and dose dependent manner. 3. It was investigated treatment with Codonopsis lanceolatae inhibited tyrosinase, a key enzyme forming melanin, activity in a dose-dependent manner. 4. Treatment with Codonopsis lanceolatae did not affect DOPAchrome tautomerase(TRP-2) activity. 5. There was not a morphological change by Codonopsis lanceolatae microscopically. These results suggest that Codonopsis lanceolatae is a candidate for an efficient whitening agent which supresses melanogenesis by a Raper-Mason pathway.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.69-74
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• 2009

Codonopsis lanceolatae have been used as one of the traditional remedies as well as food source. We previously reported that in vitro supplementation of Codonopsis lanceolatae water extracts enhanced the splenocytes proliferation compared to the control group. This study, the combined immunomodulative effect of water extract Codonopsis lanceolatae was Seven to eight weeks old mice(balb/c) was fed ad libitum on chow diet and water extract of Codonopsis lanceolatae was orally administrated every other day for four weeks at two different concentrations(50 and 500 mg/kg B.W.). The production of cytokine(IL-2, IL-10 and IFN-${\gamma}$), secreted by macrophages stimulated with LPS or not, were detected by ELISA assay using the cytokine kit. The result of ex vivo study showed that the IL-2, IL-10 and IFN-${\gamma}$ was detected at 500 mg/kg B.W. supplementation group with LPS stimulation in all cases. Also, ratio of IFN-${\gamma}$, IL-10 was the range of 3${\sim}$7 with mitogen stimulation such as Con A and LPS. In conclusion, this study suggests that Codonopsis lanceolatae extracts may enhance the immune function by regulating the cytokine(IL-2, IL-10 and IFN-${\gamma}$) prodution capacity by activated macrophages in mice.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.379-384
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• 1996

더덕 물추출물이 면역세포에 미치는 영향에 대해 연구한 결과, 더덕 물추출물을 경구투여한 경우 흉선세포의 증식을 촉진하였으나, 흉선세포에 직접 처리한 경우는 그다지 영향을 주지 않았다. 경구투여시 TH 세포를 활성화하였다. 더덕물추출물은 경구투여시 복강 매크로파지의 NO 생성을 억제하였고, 사람 PMN 세포의 phagocytosis를 증가시켰다. 이 결과는 더덕이 생체내에서 면역작용을 증강시킬 수 있는 것을 시사한다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제31권6호
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• pp.1076-1081
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• 1998

The purpose of this research was to isolate an active component on immunoytes from 70% MeOH extract of Codonopsis lanceolatae Radix(CLE). CLE was fractionated successively with hexane, methylene chloride, n-butyl alcohol and water, and then the water fraction was separated with molecularporous membrane tubing(m.w. 3,500). Each fraction(50mg/kg) was administered p.o. once a day for 7 days in BALB/c mice respectively. None of these fractions affected the apoptosis and mitochondrial transmembrane potential in thymocyte. Hexane and methylene chloride fractions decreased CD4$^{[-10]}$ CD8$^{+}$ single-positive cells, and the water fraction enhanced CD4$^{+}$ CD8$^{[-10]}$ single-positive cells in thymocyte. The proliferation of thymocytes was decreased by the fraction hexane, but was enhanced by the water fraction. Hexane, methylene chloride and butyl alcohol fractions suppressed the production of nitric oxide, which was not affected by the water fraction. Hexane and butyl alcohol fraction suppressed the phagocytic activity, but water fraction enhanced it. The components(m.w. 3,500 above) separated from the water fraction enhanced the proliferation of thymocyte, the population of CD4$^{+}$ CDB$^{[-10]}$ single-positive cells, and phagocytic activity in macrophage. These results suggest that the stimulative components of proliferation, TH population and phagorytc activity is in the water fraction, and the molecular weight is 3,500 above. (Korean J Nutrition 31(6) : 1076~1081, 1998) 1998)

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.59-71
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• 2004

Melanin pigmentation has an essential role in protecting human skin against the damaging effects of ultra violet radiation, infection, environmental factor, etc. However abnormal melanin pigmentation can directly cause a number of congenital and acquired pigmentary skin disease. This study conducted to evaluate the effects of various partition extracts of Codonopsis lanceolata on the melanogenesis in the B 16 melanoma cells. The cells were treated for 3 days with various partition extracts of Codonopsis lanceolata. While treatment with the BuOH partition extract of Codonopsis lanceolata increased significantly the tyrosinase activity and melanin content, the n-Hexane or ethyl acetate partition extract dose-dependently suppressed them compared with untreated control. But ethyl acetate partition significantly decreased the cell viability. The H2O partiton extract at various concentrations did not exhibit any significant change on the melanogenesis. These results indicate that treatment with the n-Hexane partition extract inhibits the melanogenesis in B16 melanoma cells, and raise the possibility that this extract may be effective in the abnormal melanin pigmentation as well as the whitening agent for the skin.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.33-40
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• 2017

Objectives : This study is aimed at establishing the discriminative criteria for Adenophorae Radix (AT; Sasam), Codonopsis Lanceolatae Radix (CL; Yangyu) and Adenophorae Remotiflori Radix (AR; Jeni). Because of confusable publications and the similitude of herb shape, CL and AR have been used as AT in the markets. Methods : We firstly discriminated and confirmed AT, CL and AR through observing the external morphology of original plants. Then, external-internal morphological features of the medicinal herbs were studied. A stereoscope was used to determine macroscopic features of dried herbal medicines and a microscope was conducted to examine internal features with the samples, which were embedded in paraffin and stained. Results : 1. The original plant of CL was discriminated with the stem shape in comparison with others. AT and AR were classified by the leaf position of original plant. 2. In the macroscopic morphological study of medicinal herbs, CL had lumps, which seem like a wart. Also, AT and AR were different in the density of cross section. 3. In the microscopic morphological study of the medicinal herbs, the phloem, fissures and the arrangement of xylem were selected as discriminative criteria for 3 kinds of herbs. With these contents, we suggested the identification keys, including further details. Conclusions : These results, especially identification keys, will be helpful to distinguish 3 kinds of herbs, referred to as a 'Sasam'. Moreover, macroscopic and microscopic methods used in this article would be applicable tools for the discrimination of other herbs.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.109-119
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• 2009

Objectives : The present study was purposed to compare Adenophorae Radix (henceforth AR), Codonopsis lanceolatae Radix (henceforth ClR) and Glehniae Radix cum Rhizoma (henceforth GRcR) concerning their anti-oxidant effect. Methods : We measured eythrocyte, leukocyte, thrombocyte, serum albumin, total bilirubin, LDL cholesterol, and glucose as well as SOD, GSH, catalase, NO, and MDA in the rat liver oxidatively stressed by AAPH. Results : 1. The oxidative stress-induced thrombocyte levels were significantly decreased in CIR-treated and GRcR-treated groups. 2. The oxidative stress-impaired SOD acitivities were significantly recovered in AR-treated and GRcR-treated groups. 3. The oxidative stress-reduced GSH contents were significantly increased in ClR-treated and GRcR-treated groups. 4. The oxidative stress-reduced catalase contents were significantly increased in all of the three groups. 5. The oxidative stress-induced NO productions were significantly decreased in all of the three groups. Conclusions : AR, ClR, and GRcR altogether showed the anti-oxidant effect in the rat liver oxidatively stressed by AAPH. The anti-oxidant properties of tAR, ClR, and GRcR seem to be similar even if those have different botanical properties and different medical efficacies in oriental medicine.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제42권3호
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• pp.207-212
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• 2009

생체 내 (ex vivo) 실험에서 더덕의 물 추출물을 4주간 격일로 마우스 체중 kg 당 0, 50, 500 mg/kg B.W.의 농도로 마우스에 경구 투여한 후 비장세포 증식능, LPS에 의해 활성화된 복강 대식세포가 분비하는 염증성 사이토카인 (IL-1 ${\beta}$, IL-6, TNF-${\alpha}$) 의 생성량을 측정하였다. 그 결과 더덕 물 추출물은 ConA나 LPS로 자극하지 않은 경우 500mg/kg B.W. 농도에서 대조군에 비해 유의적으로 높은 비장 증식능을 보였다. LPS에 의해 활성화된 복강 대식세포의 사이토카인 분비량을 측정한 결과에서도 IL-1 ${\beta}$, TNF-${\alpha}$의 분비량은 마우스 체중 kg 당 500 mg/kg B.W. 농도의 투여군에서 유의적으로 높은 생성량을 보여주었으며, 50 mg/kg B.W.의 농도 투여군에서는 대조군에 비해 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았다. IL-6의 경우 50 mg/kg B.W.과 500 mg/kg B.W. 두 농도 모두에서 유의적으로 높은 분비능을 보였다. 이상의 결과에 따르면 더덕 추출물의 비장세포 증식능과 사이토카인 분비 효과는 500 mg/kg B.W. 농도 투여시 가장 효과적으로 면역 세포와 면역 기관의 주요기능을 증진시킬 가능성이 있을 것으로 사료된다. 이러한 연구결과를 토대로 앞으로 더덕을 이용한 기능성 식품 개발에 기초 연구 자료로 활용되기를 기대된다.