• Journal of Life Science
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• v.17 no.9 s.89
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• pp.1197-1203
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• 2007

A genomic DNA library of the bacterium Paenibacillus sp. DG-22 was constructed and the ${\beta}-xylosi-dase-positive$ clones were identified using the fluorogenic substrate $4-methylumbelliferyl-{\beta}-D-xylopyr-anoside$ $({\beta}MUX)$. A recombinant plasmid was isolated from the clone and 4.3-kb inserted DNA was sequenced. The ${\beta}-xylosidase$ gene (xylA) was comprised of a 2,106 bp open reading frame (ORF) en-coding 701 amino acids with a molecular weight of 78,710 dalton and a pI of 5.0. The deduced amino acid sequence of the xylA gene product had significant similarity with ${\beta}-xylosidases$ classified into family 52 of glycosyl hydrolases. The xylA gene was subcloned into the pQE60 expression vector to fuse with six histidine-tag. The recombinant ${\beta}-xylosidase$ $(XylA-H_6)$ was purified to homogeneity by heat-treatment and immobilized metal affinity chromatography. The pH and temperature optima of the $XylA-H_6$ enzyme were pH 5.5-6.0 and $60^{\circ}C$, respectively.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea CI
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• v.47 no.6
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• pp.47-56
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• 2010

HDD-based RAIDs have been used in high-capacity storage systems for traditional data server. However, their data reliability are relatively low and they consume lots of power since hard disk drive is weak on shock and its power consumption is high due to frequent spindle motor operation. Therefore, this paper presents new SSD based RAID system architecture using various erasure codes. The proposed methode applys Reed-Solomon, EVENODD, and Liberation coding schemes onto file system level and device driver level, respectively. Besides, it uses data allocation method to minimize the side effect of reducing the lifespan of SSD. Detail experimental results show that Liberation code increase wear-leveling rates of SSD based RAID-6 more than other codes. The SSD based RAID system applying erasure codes at the device driver level shows better performance than that at the file system level. I/O performance of RAID-6 system using SSD is 4.5%~8.5% higher than that of using HDD and the power consumption of the RAID system using SSD is 18%~40% less than that of using HDD.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.108-119
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• 1985

Aimed at elucidating the modulation of stress protein gene expression, the effect of environmental stress and pH on the induction of stress protein synthesis has been analyzed using SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Although the general patterns of protein synthesis in MEF and SCK cells are different, stress protein patterns are identical in both cells. Among three stress proteins, the $SP_70$ exhibits an interesting kinetics of induction and decay. The kinetics of $SP_70$ under acidic or normal pH appears to be similar, but the degree of hyperthermia and duration of treatment required for maximum induction are found to be different, being lower temperatures and shorter durations under acidic pH compared to those under normal pH. Inducation of stress protein and the accumulation of mRNA coding for stress proteins are blocked with actinomycin D, indicating the new RNA transcription is required for stress blocked with actinomycin D, indicating that new RNA transcription is required for stress protein induction. Treatment of cycloheximide during the after hyperthermia indicates that no specific protein is required for the induction of stress protein synthesis. Based on our preliminary data, we postulate that induction of stress protein synthesis in MEF and SCK cells is regulated primarily at the level of transcription and that $SP_70$ autoregulates its synthesis and levels of this protein are correlated with the stresseed state of a cell.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.104-110
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• 2004

To determine evolution and genotype of new chromosomal AmpC $\beta$-lactamases among clinical isolates of Enterobacter species, we performed antibiotic susceptibility testing, pI determination, sequencing, and phy-logenetic analysis using developed expression/secretion vector. Six isolates have shown to produce AmpC $\beta$-lactamases. Six genes of AmpC $\beta$-lactamases that are responsible for the resistance to cephamycins (cefoxitin and cefotetan), amoxicillin, cephalothin, and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid were cloned and characterized in pMSG12119. Insert fragment containing the ampC genes was sequenced and found to have an open reading frame coding for 381-amino-acid $\beta$-lactamase. The nucleotide sequence of four ampC genes ($bla_EcloK992004.l$, $bla_EcloK995120.1$, $bla_EcloK99230$, and $bla_EareK9911729$) shared considerable homology with that of chromosomal ampC gene ($bla_EcloMHN1$) of E. cloacae MHN1 (more than 99.6% identity). The sequences of two ampC genes ($bla_EcloK9973$ and $bla_EcloK9914325$) showed close similarity to the chromosomal ampC gene ($bla_EcloQ908R$) of E. clo-acae 908R (99.7% identity). The results from phylogenetic analysis suggested that six ampC genes could be originated from $bla_EcloMHN1$ / or $bla_EcloQ908R$ / MIC patterns and exact pI values of six transformants indicated that the developed expression/secretion vector (pMSG1219) was suitable for the characterization of foreign genes in E. coli strain.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.15
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• pp.119-140
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• 1988

This paper is the study on the Medium Designator in Non-book materials. Main contents of this study were as follows; 1. The medium designator serves to indicate the class of material to which an item belongs. This is used to give an 'early warning' ;to the catalogue user. 2. This medium designator may be further divided into two elements ; a general material designation (GMD), for example video-recording, and a specific material designation (SMD), for example, videodisc. 3. GMD: In cataloging, a term indicating the broad class of material to which a bibliographic item belongs, such as 'motion picture', and SMD : In descriptive cataloging, a term indicating the special class of material (usually the class of physical object) to which a biblographic item belongs, such as videocassette. 4. Locating the medium designator after the title proper was not prescribed until ISBD(G) and AACR2. In pre-ISBD(G) codes, the ,early, warning type of medium designator was placed after all title information. But in AACR2, the medium designator is placed after the title proper, but before parellel title and other title information. 5. In Terminology, Two separate lists of designations are given in AACR2, l.1C1, one for British and one for North American use. The British list contains fewer terms, and uses generic categories to group together some of the North American list. 6. The problem of where to place the medium designator might be circumvented by using some kind of early alerting device other than a formal element of biblliographic description. Various alternatives have been suggested. A more popular device is the provision of symbols or 'media code' which are part of the call number and indicate the porticular medium type. 'Colour-coding' the use of used by some libraries but is now longly discouraged. 7. According to Frost. The medium designatorhas been generally reeognized as serving three functions; 1) as a statement of the nature or basic format of the item cataloged and thus as a meant of informing the user as to the type of material at hand; 2) as a description of the physical charaetistics of medium and as a means of alerting the user to equipment needed to make use of the item. 3) as a device to distinguish different physical formats which share the same title. 8. AACR2 raises some problems which decision makers have neet had to face preriously It provides a GMD for every item in the collection including books and it makes the application of any or all GMD's optional.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.31 no.7
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• pp.798-812
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to investigate beginning teachers' views of scientific inquiry envisioned in science education reform, which is the main goal of science education at schools. Teachers' views about scientific inquiry influence their students' learning in the classroom, so it is significant to investigate teachers' views about the scientific inquiry. 126 beginning science teachers participated in this study. The survey asking teachers' view of general scientific inquiry, nature of science (NOS) and the relationship of science, technology, and society (STS), was developed and implemented for 30 minutes. Alternative views of scientific inquiry including NOS and STS were emerged through data analysis with open coding system. The reliability and validity of data collection and data analysis were constructed through the discussion with experts in science education. The results of this study were as follows. Participants defined scientific inquiry as opportunities of 'Hands-On' and 'Minds-On' or its combination rather than 'Hearts-On'. However, teachers demonstrated the view of 'Hands-On' for the purpose of scientific inquiry and for teachers' roles in its implementation. The view of 'Hearts-On' about scientific inquiry was not identified. The naive view of NOS were identified more than informative one. More positive attitude about the relationship of STS was released. The implication was made in teacher education, especially structured induction program for beginning teachers.

• Journal of KIISE:Information Networking
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.235-242
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• 2008

To improve video quality and coding efficiency, H.264/AVC adopted an adaptive rate control. But this method has a problem as it cannot predict an accurate quantization parameter(QP) for the first frame. The first QP is decided among four constant values by using encoder input parameters. It does not consider encoding bits, results in significant fluctuation of the image quality and decreases the average quality of the whole coded sequence. In this paper, we propose a new algorithm for the first frame QP decision in the H.264/AVC encoder. The QP is decided by the existing algorithm and the first frame is encoded. According to the encoded bits, the new initial QP is decided. We can predict optimal value because there is a linear relationship between encoded bits and the new initial QP. Next, we re-encode the first frame using the new initial QP. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm not only achieves better quality than the state of the art algorithm, but also adopts a rate control forthe sequence that was impossible with the existing algorithm. By reducing fluctuation, subjective quality also improved.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.795-804
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• 1999

The increasing number of users of mobile communication systems and the corresponding need for increased system capacity require the use of a modulation scheme which is both power and spectrally efficient. In this paper, we numerically calculate the BER performance of DS/CDMA-BPSK system in different fading channel (Rayleigh, Rician, Shadow Rician). Also, we calculate BER performance and the channel capacity of DS/CDMA-BPSK system which is constant or nearly constant envelopes in 3-state fading channel model. The Shadow Rician fading model described in this paper apply the parameters of the Canadian Mobile Satellite (MSAT). And we assume that the 3-state fading channel model is consist of Rayleigh fading state, Rician fading state, and shadow Rician fading state. This model can be used as a basis for the simulation of the land mobile satellite channel. The dynamic 3-state fading channel model is considered corresponding to different environments and the transitions between these environments. From the numerically calculate results, the DS/CDMA-BPSK system with MUI-20, PG-511 can not achieve the BER performance ($P_b\leq10^{-5}$). And the channel capacity did not meet the system requirement. Also, we know that the BER performance is depend m the occupancy probability of radio channel and the degree of shadow. From the results, we how that during shadowed time intervals it is necessary to use some form of error control coding and receiver diversity in order to support reliable data communication.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.209-222
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to discuss the papers of social welfare field that were published in Korea, from a research methodology aspect in accordance with the meta-analysis reporting standard proposed by the United States Psychological Association. To this end, an analysis was conducted according to 5 types of conformity (title and abstract, introduction, methods, results and discussion) on the target subjects of 26 meta-analysis papers of social welfare field. The analysis results showed, first, the conformity in the title and abstract showed good results except for the suggested topics for meta-analysis methods. Second, in terms of the conformity of the introduction, the descriptions seemed to be good in a number of items. Third, for the conformity in the methods, the overall reporting standard was seen to be lacking and, in particular, the reporting standard for the coding procedure was seen as being very deficient. Fourth, the conformity in the results showed that the assessment of research quality and the magnitude of efficacy for each individual study, sample size, and the contents of the provided tables, summary of tables and graphs, including the study results, were not being properly reported. Fifth, the conformity in discussions was seen to be generally sound. Based on such results, by providing a reporting standard and perspective needed for ensuring feasibility that can be used to assess meta-analysis study materials, this study was aimed at presenting implications for the academic advancement of field of social welfare.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.14 no.11
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• pp.362-369
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• 2014

This study aimed to propose an accurate diagnostic method for osteoporosis by realizing a computer-aided diagnosis system with the application of the statistical analysis of texture features using digital images of lateral lumbar spine of patients with osteoporosis and providing reliable supplementary diagnostic information by model experimental research for early diagnosis of diseases. For these purposes, digital images of lateral lumbar spine of normal individuals and patients with osteoporosis were used in the experiments, and the values of statistical texture features on the set ROI were expressed in six parameters. Among the texture feature values of the six parameters of osteoporosis, the highest and lowest recognition rates of 95 and 80% were shown in average gray level and uniformity, respectively. Moreover, all the six parameters showed recognition rates of over 80% for osteoporosis: 82.5% in average contrast, 90% in smoothness, 87.5% in skewness, and 87.5% in entropy. Therefore, if a program developing into a computer-aided diagnosis system for medical images is coded based on the results of this study, it is considered possible to be applied to preliminary diagnostic data for automatic detection of lesions and disease diagnosis using medical images, to provide information for definite diagnosis of diseases, to diagnose by limited device, and to be used to shorten the time to analyze medical images.