• 한국산림과학회지
• /
• 제18권1호
• /
• pp.23-33
• /
• 1973

테-다소나무 자연분포구역내의 종자산지별(種子産地別) 묘목(苗木)의 미국내조림 활착율(活着率)은 대체로 종자산지(種子産地)가 서북쪽으로 갈수록 높았으며 생장은 종자산지(種子産地)가 동남쪽으로 갈수록 좋았다. 따라서 우리나라의 내륙지방에 알맞는 산지로는 Arkansas Texas산(産)이 적합할 것으로 추정되며, 서해안 및 동해안 지방에는 Maryland, North Carolina 구능산이, 또 남해안에 North Carolina 해안산이 가장 유망시 되는 산지로 추정된다.

• 한국지형학회지
• /
• 제27권1호
• /
• pp.21-31
• /
• 2020

Planting pine trees on the coastal dunes has been carried out along the East coast as well as West coast of South Korea. Although the artificial forestation has been regarded as a good policy that help to protect the coastal area from natural disasters, but its real effect to the landscapes is still unknown. In this study, we have installed a monitoring site with an automated weather station to study requirements for dune formation and its environmental changes in Osan beach, Yangyang-Gun, Gangwon Province. We analyzed the meteorological data collected from 2010 to 2019 and vegetational changes in the study area. As a result, the wind speed is decreased by around 30% and the pine-covered area is increased by around 300m² after planting Japanese Black Pine in 2015. At present, it seems that the eolian transport of sand particle is minimal, because the dominant winds are the westerly winds which is not landward but seaward, and because the surface roughness length is about 0.5m which is similar to that in the deciduous forest.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
• /
• 제9권3호
• /
• pp.123-133
• /
• 1986

Black pine, Pinus thumbergii, stands in southwestern Korea were investigated. The black pine forest with 90 percent or more in the relative basal area (black pine basal area/whole pine basal area, RBA) was found in the coastal area. However, from the coastal area to the inland. RBA of the pine was decreased because the competition with red pine (P. densiflora) and/or pitch pine (P. rigida). In 25 year-old plants at the coastal areas, the wood volume of black pine is twofold or more than that of red pine, fourfold or more than that of pitch pine. The optimum rotation period for the maximum yield of black pine is estimated to take 35 years, based on the site index calculated. The optimal temperature for the pine plantation in Korean peninula should be the area in over 105。C.month in warmth index. And the soil conditions with 50% of RBA or over were 0.025%~0.151% of soil salinity, 3~6% of organic matter content, pH value 4.50~5.04, 8.5~11.0 me/100g of C.E.C..

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
• /
• 제30권4호
• /
• pp.383-392
• /
• 2014

In this study, we investigated the Fukiage sand dunes of southern Kyushu, Japan. We surveyed the status of recovery of coastal Japanese black pine forests damaged by pine wilt disease and their disaster prevention capability. We placed two transects: Transect 1, in an area that was severely damaged (80-90% damage rate) by pine wilt disease, and Transect 2, in an area that was mostly undamaged (<10% damage rate). Then, we installed survey lines, carried out vegetation surveys, and measured the depth and pH of humus soil. The survey lines were placed perpendicular to the coastline from the top of the fore-dune to the inland area, and divided into five 50 m sections. Before the point 100 m inland from the top of the fore-dune, the number of invasive hardwoods and of Japanese black pines were small because of the poor growth environment in both transects. Past the 100 m point, the species and number of Japanese black pines and broad-leaved trees increased further inland because the growth environment improved. In addition, the recovery metrics of tree height, diameter at breast height, age, and number in Transect 1 were much lower than those in Transect 2, and the basal area of broad-leaved trees and the depth of humus soil in Transect 1 were lower than in Transect 2, and the soil pH of humus soil in Transect 1 was higher than that of Transect 2. The shape ratio of the Japanese black pine forests indicated that they were insufficient for disaster prevention. Therefore, in order to fully promote the disaster prevention capability of coastal Japanese black pine forests, we should not only focus on prevention of pine wilt disease but also undertake continuous control efforts taking into consideration the sound growth environment such as appropriate density and soil management and removal of invasive broad-leaved trees.

• 한국방재학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국방재학회 2008년도 정기총회 및 학술발표대회
• /
• pp.767-770
• /
• 2008

우리나라의 해안방재림의 조성실태를 파악하여 미래지향적인 관리 및 조성방안을 강구하기 위해 연구를 진행한 결과, 전국에 기 조성되어 있는 해안방재림의 면적은 약 1,479ha로 나타났다. 따라서 기존에 조성되어 있는 약 1,479ha에 대한 간벌지침 등을 마련하여 방재기능이 저하된 빈약한 임분에 대한 대비책을 마련해야 할 것이다. 또한 일부 지역에서는 소나무 재선충병과 해안침식의 위협을 받고 있으므로 이에 대한 적극적인 대비책을 마련해야 할 것이다.

• 한국산림과학회지
• /
• 제97권1호
• /
• pp.1-9
• /
• 2008

산불을 고려하여 효율적으로 산림을 관리하기 위해서는 임상분포패턴과 산불특성과의 관계 규명이 요구된다. 본 연구에서는 기후형과 산불 빈도 및 규모를 표현하는데 유용한 생태지역을 단위로, 임상분포패턴 및 산불특성을 분석하고, 두 인자 간의 관계를 살펴 보았다. 이를 위해 수치임상도의 경관분석을 통해 생태지역별 전체 임상과 산불에 취약한 소나무 임분의 분포패턴을 분석하고, 산림청의 산불통계자료를 이용하여 생태지역별 산불특성을 추출한 다음 정준상관분석을 수행하였다. 임상패치는 산림면적비율이 높은 생태지역일수록 크고 복잡하였으며, 소나무 임분은 해안지역을 중심으로 형태가 복잡하고 패치 간의 근접성이 높았다. 1,000ha 당 산불발생건수는 도시화된 생태지역에서 많았으나, 건당 피해면적과 확산속도는 낮았다. 이와 반대로 "강원해안" 등 산림비율이 높은 생태지역에서는 적은 발생건수와 넓은 피해면적, 빠른 확산속도를 보였다. 정준상관분석 결과 산불특성은 소나무 임분의 경관지수와 유의한 상관관계가 있었는데, 소나무 임분 면적이 크면서 응집된 구조를 갖는 해안 생태지역일수록 장시간 연소되어 피해면적이 큰 특성을 보였다.

• 한국지형학회지
• /
• 제27권4호
• /
• pp.1-11
• /
• 2020

Coastal dunes play an important role in coastal defense. The Moraeul dune in Daecheongdo Island is representative in this regard. However, there is little knowledge, concerning the morphology, grain size, and formation timing of the dune. This study investigated the geomorphological characteristics of the Moraeul dune using topographic surveys, grain size analyses, and OSL dating. The dune was classified as 'single accreted foredune', which was developed under dense vegetation cover and efficient sand trapping. The dune consisted of fine to medium sand with 1.6Φ of mean grain size, and was covered with pine trees (> 100 years old). The samples from the upper part of the dune yielded quartz OSL ages ranging 0.5 ~ 0.7 ka. Therefore, it is likely that the dune developed at least before the Little Ice Age and became what it is today about one century ago.

• 한국지형학회지
• /
• 제28권1호
• /
• pp.51-66
• /
• 2021

This study shows that coastal sand dunes are negatively affected by coastal forests. In South Korea, planting pine trees on the dunes has been carried out to stabilize the dune landscapes and protect residential areas from coastal disasters since the 20th century. However, this strategy could reduce the resilience of dunes. In this study, we selected three monitoring sites with automated weather stations to compare the geomorphological and environmental characteristics between tree-covered and grass-covered dunes at Sohwang-ri, Boryeong-si, Chungnam Province for three years. In addition, we monitored the rates of erosion and deposition using eight pins along the dune crests. We found that the forest affected both wind velocity and direction, resulting in decreased blown sand supply to the dunes in front of the forest. The velocity of the strong winds faster than 5 m/s diminished to 10%-30% of the control sites, and the direction of northwesterly wind were skewed to the north by about 6°. Sand deposition occurred at about 15-20 m away from the pine forest and the amount was only 1/10 of the deposition within the grass-covered dunes. This study suggests that planting trees in coastal dunes is an undesirable strategy with negative impacts on the landscape management.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• 제24권3호
• /
• pp.324-333
• /
• 2014

The Black Pine, Pinus thunbergii, is widely distributed along the eastern coast of Korea and its importance as a shelterbelt was highlighted after tsunamis in Indonesia and Japan. The root endophytic diversity of P. thunbergii was investigated in three coastal regions; Goseong, Uljin, and Busan. Fungi were isolated from the root tips, and growth rates of pure cultures were measured and compared between PDA with and without 3% NaCl to determine their saline resistance. A total of 259 isolates were divided into 136 morphotypes, of which internal transcribed spacer region sequences identified 58 species. Representatives of each major fungi phylum were present: 44 Ascomycota, 8 Zygomycota, and 6 Basidiomycota. Eighteen species exhibited saline resistance, many of which were Penicillium and Trichoderma species. Shoreline habitats harbored higher saline-tolerant endophytic diversity compared with inland sites. This investigation indicates that endophytes of P. thunbergii living closer to the coast may have higher resistance to salinity and potentially have specific relationships with P. thunbergii.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
• /
• 제31권4호
• /
• pp.386-395
• /
• 1992

솔껍질깍지벌레의 발생 상황은 피해만연지대(남서해안 및 도서지역), 피해확대지역(해안지역에서 내륙지대로, 해안에 연하여 북상)으로 구분되었다. 남부해안지대에 곰솔을 집중적으로 가해하는 솔껍질깍지벌레는 Matsucoccus thunbergianae로 조사되었으며 연 1회 발생하며 발생시기는 3월 초순~5월 초순에 걸쳐 소나무껍질밑으로부터 교미산란하기 위하여 외부로 출현하였으며 그 peak는 3월 하순~4월 중순이었다. 기주식물의 기주범위조사에서 곰솔(Pinus thunbergii)외에 스트로브잣나무(Pinus strobus), 테어데소나무(Pinus taeda), 방크스소나무(Pinus banksiana), 맛소니아소나무(Pinus massoniana), 타이완네시스소나무(Pinus taiwannesis), 소나무(Pinus densiflora)등 7종이 구명되었다. 피해목의 수령별 피해율은 1~3년생 0.8%, 4~6년생 3.7%, 7~9년생 5.2%, 10~12년생 9.3%, 13~15년생 8.1%, 16~18년생 7.8%, 19~21년생 6.7%, 22~24년생 3.3%, 25~27년생 1.9%, 28년생이상 1.1%로 7년생에서 20년생까지의 수령에서 피해율이 가장 높았고 피해목 가지의 수령별 피해율은 6~7년생가지에서 가장 높았으며 수간에서는 중간부위의 가지가 생존하는 하단부로부터 상위부로 피해가 진전되었다. 조사지대에서의 단순림/혼효림의 혼효도에 의해 피해율은 지역별 각각 고흥 : 81.3%/52.5%, 해남 : 80.3%/58.1%, 무안 : 76.3%/48.5%로 단순림에서 피해가 많았다. 입목밀도에 따른 피해율은 100$m^2$당 20주이상의 밀도가 높아짐에 따라 피해율이 높았다.