• 한국해안해양공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국해안해양공학회 1991년도 정기학술강연회 발표논문 초록집
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• pp.47-50
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• 1991

With increasing offshore oil exploration, drilling, and production activities, and with a huge amount of petroleum being transported by tankers and pipelines through the ocean and coastal environment and resoures has been realized among government decision makers, oil industry personnel, and the general public. Assessment must be made of the potential risk of damage resulting from the exploration, development and transportation activities, based on predictive impact evaluations of the fate of hypothetical or real oil spills.(omitted)

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.343-351
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to estimate the economic value and productivity achieved through a reduction in fishing vessels engaged in coastal and offshore fisheries. We found that the value of increasing catch by types in offshore and coastal fisheries was about 17,338 billion won. To examine the economic value, a cost-benefit analysis was applied. This is based on the total cost of vessel reduction (4,576 billion won) assumed to be invested equally each year for five years. BCR and NPV with a discount rate (5.5%) were used to compare the profit of fishery activities in offshore and coastal areas. The model results showed that the NPV and BCR in offshore and coastal fisheries was 5,522 billion won and 2.340 respectively.

• 한국산학기술학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국산학기술학회 2009년도 추계학술발표논문집
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• pp.358-362
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• 2009

The coastal zone is the transitional area between land and sea. It plays an important role in the land-sea ecosystem. Unfortunately, most of the world's coastal areas are polluted due to the human being activities. Pollution and development are changing coastal habitats, and feeding and nursery areas are being destroyed, reducing fish and wildlife populations. The pollution in coastal areas is becoming a global environmental problem, more and more attention has been paid to coastal areas. America passed the Coastal Zone Management Act (CZMA) in 1972, and from then, CZMA outlined and conducted the National Coastal Zone Management Program and the National Estuarine Research Reserve System which including 34 projects. And England established "the Crouch & Roach Estuary Project" in 2003, and "South East Coastal and Marine Project" was started in 2007 in responding to the non-point pollutants challenge.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.341-346
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• 2011

To study the effects of salinity-sodicity on bacterial population and enzyme activities, soil samples were collected from the Bay of Yellow Sea, Incheon, South Korea. In the soils nearest to the coastline, pH, electrical conductivity ($EC_e$), sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), and exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) were greater than the criteria of saline-sodic soil, and soils collected from sites 1.5-2 km away from the coastline were not substantially affected by the intrusion and spray of seawater. Halotolerant bacteria showed similar trends, whereas non-tolerant bacteria and enzymatic activities had opposite trends. Significant positive correlations were found between EC, exchangeable $Na^+$, and pH with SAR and ESP. In contrast, $EC_e$, SAR, ESP, and exchangeable $Na^+$ exhibited significant negative correlations with bacterial populations and enzyme activities. The results of this study indicate that the soil chemical variables related with salinity-sodicity are significantly related with the sampling distance from the coastline and are the key stress factors, which greatly affect microbial and biochemical properties.

• 한국해안해양공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국해안해양공학회 2000년도 한국해안해양공학발표논문집 Proceedings of Coastal and Ocean Engineering in Korea
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• pp.1-23
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• 2000

This paper discusses the development of design methods for coastal structures and breakwaters in the United Kingdom, with particular attention to changes in research activities, publications, technology transfer and the use of research results over the last 200 years. The paper describes some examples of the design and construction of breakwaters and seawalls, methods by which their designs and construction techniques were improved, and how those improvements were promulgated within civil engineering. It discusses problems that arise from recent trends in research funding and publication, and seeks to indicate some possibilities for the future. The paper draws on the author's experience in research and specialist consultancy at HR Wallingford, published papers and books, but is also guided by lessons from related work in UK and elsewhere.

• 한국농촌건축학회논문집
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.31-42
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• 2004

Although the coastal area of Jeju has already been developed, it has high pressure and demands for development continually increasing due to the increase of tourism and leisure activities. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to present objective guidance for the planning of the buildings on the seaside road with a view which have the largest impact on coastal landscape in order to enhance its visual quality. The results of this study are as follows : 1) It is chief element to make guidance for the use and planning of buildings in the conservation of the coastal landscape. 2) The D/H ratios which immediately influence an angle of elevation are different one another for the whole street. To ensure a sense of openness for the landscape, it is needed to maintain under $27^{\circ}$ angle of elevation, which demands 1~3 D/H ratio. 3) It is important to make 2.4 visual blockage ratio for whole street, but the actual condition is 4.48 ratio on average. To bring down the visual blockage ratio, the W/D ratio needs to be regulated. 4) Various techniques are also needed for lively building styles going with coastal landscape.

• 한국지형학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.135-142
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• 2012

일제강점기인 1910년에 작성된 1:50,000 지도(이하 근세 한국 오만분지일 지형도)는 전국을 망라한 최초의 근대적 방법에 의해 제작된 지도이다. 본 지도는 주로 인문 지리적 관점에서 이용되어 왔으나 최근 지도의 높은 정확성이 인식됨에 따라 다양한 분야에서 유용하게 되었다. 특히 해안분야에 있어서는 해안 구조물 건설에 따른 장기적인 지형변화를 제공할 것으로 기대된다. 본 연구는 독립된 해안 표사계에 대해 구조물의 건설 전후에 진행된 지형변화의 분석방법에 관한 것이다. 장기적인 해안의 지형변화를 분석하기 위한 기점은 1910년도의 지형도로 하였다.

• Strategy21
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• 통권31호
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• pp.142-163
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• 2013

Ieodo is a submerged rock within a Korea's Exclusive Economic Zone(EEZ) in the East China Sea with its most shallow part about 4.6m below the sea level which has no specific rights for the EEZ delimitation. The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) stipulates that any coastal state has the rights to claim an EEZ that stretches up to 200 nautical miles from its shore, except where there is an overlap with a neighboring country's claims. Korea claims that Ieodo is within its EEZ as it sits on the Korean side of the equidistant line and the reef is located on the Korea section of the continental shelf. China does not recognize Korea's application of the equidistance principle and insists that Ieodo lies on its continental shelf. According to UNCLOS, Ieodo is located in international waters, rather than one country's EEZ as the two countries have failed to reach a final agreement over the delimitation of the maritime border. This study seeks to understand the evolution of the People's Liberation Army Navy(PLAN) strategy as main obstacles for the EEZ delimitation between Korea and China. PLAN's Strategy evolves from "coastal defense" to "offshore defence", since the late 1980s from a "coastal defence" strategy to an "offshore defence" strategy which would extend the perimeter of defence to between 200 nm and 400 nm from the coast. China's economic power has increased It's dependence on open trade routes for energy supplies and for its own imports and exports. China want secure Sea Lane. PLAN's "offshore defence" strategy combines the concept of active defence with the deployment of its military forces beyond its borders. China's navy try to forward base its units and to achieve an ocean going capability. China's navy expects to have a 'Blue Water' capability by 2050. China insists that coastal states do have a right under UNCLOS to regulate the activities of foreign military forces in their EEZs. China protests several times against US military forces operating within It's EEZ. The U.S. position is that EEZs should be consistent with customary international law of the sea, as reflected in UNCLOS. U.S. has a national interest in the preservation of freedom of navigation as recognized in customary international law of the sea and reflected in UNCLOS. U.S. insists that coastal states under UNCLOS do not have the right to regulate foreign military activities in their EEZs. To be consistent with its demand that the U.S. cease performing military operations in china's EEZ, China would not be able to undertake any military operations in the waters of South Korea's EEZ. As such, to preserve its own security interests, China prefers a status quo policy and used strategic ambiguity on the Ieodo issue. PLAN's strategy of coastal defence has been transformed into offensive defence, Korea's EEZ can be a serious limitation to PLAN's operational plan of activities. Considering China'a view of EEZs, China do not want make EEZ delimitation agreement between Korea and China. China argues that the overlapping areas between EEZs should be handled through negotiations and neither side can take unilateral actions before an agreement is reached. China would prefer Ieodo sea zone as a international waters, rather than one country's EEZ.

• 해양환경안전학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.270-276
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• 2014

Seasonal characteristics of water and sediment qualities and potential effects of the freshwater discharge from a small tide embankment interior in a coastal area in Goheung county were investigated from May to September in 2012. Chemical oxygen demand values (COD) were mostly higher than 2 mg/L in summer ebb tide, which exceed the standard value of water quality criteria II of acceptable level for aquaculture activities. Nitrogen and phosphorus were found as the limiting nutrients for algae growth in summer and fall and in spring, respectively. Nitrogen was the limiting nutrient for diatom growth in the whole studied period. The sudden high values of COD, ammonia, dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN), dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIP) were found in water sample collected from station 5 which located in front of the tide embankment sluice gate during spring ebb tide. The freshwater discharge form the tide embankment interior maybe affected the survey areas during a short time interval. Mean values of eutrophication index of the surveyed coastal region in spring, summer and fall were all bigger than 1. Water quality was mostly considered at level II which acceptable for aquaculture activities. Sediment quality in this study was generally in the range of standard for fisheries environment.

• 한국해안해양공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국해안해양공학회 1993년도 정기학술강연회 발표논문 초록집
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• pp.9-13
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• 1993

Modernization of a port requires a considerable port facility expansion through grading up the cargo handling efficiency, increasing water depth of channels and basins to accomodate Large ships, etc. In many ports in the world, the needs of bigger ship calls in excess of conventional capacity of channels and basins demand for capital dredging as well as maintenance dredging resulting from siltation, and those activities are incurring heavy annual expenditure of the ports. (omitted)