• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.56-65
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• 2007

The aim of this study is to provide a fundamental data which can be applied to management conservation, and restoration of coastal sand dune vegetation by determining the classification and distribution of community, and ecological characteristics of the habitat. This research was performed by the Braun-Blanquet's method. The coastal sand dune vegetation of Uido (I.) was composed with 9 communities as follows : Vitex rotundifolia community, Zoysia macrostachya community, Carex kobomugi community, Iachaemum anthephoroides community, Imperata cylindrica var. koenigii community, Carex pumila community, Calystegia soldanella community Messerschmidia sibirica community and Pinus thunbergii community, the evergreen needle-leaved forest. The constancy degree showed high in Calystegia soldanella (77%), Vitex rotundifolia (74%), Carex kobomugi (66%), Zoysia macrostachya (50%) and Imperata cylindrica var. koenigii (47%). However the highest constancy degree Calystegia soldanella has, it turned out to have low net contribution degree (NCD) in each community. In terms of the distribution and growth feature of the composition species in the coastal sand dune, Vitex rotundifolia, Carex kobomuri and Zoysia macrostachya were widely distributed from unstable sand dune to stable one but Iachaemum anthephoroides and Imperata cylindrica var. koenigii were mainly found at the stable sand dune. Carex kobomugi was especially dominant at the unstable sand dune where the sand continued to be deposited. On the other hand, Carer pumila and Messerschmidia sibirica showed regional distributions around fresh water.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.1-21
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• 2024

This study conducted surveys to identify the distribution of communities and flora according to vegetation in the coastal sand dunes of Sagye in Jeju Special Self-Governing Province, located at the southernmost tip of Korea. The survey was conducted over 20 sessions from April 2020 to October 2021. As a result of the study, physiognomy was classified into six correlated vegetation types: plant communities on the salt marsh, annual communities on a coastal drift-line, herb communities on a dune, shrub communities on a coastal dune, forest-edge communities on a dune, and artificial afforestation vegetation. The survey identified 43 communities, and a total of 212 taxa were found to be distributed among 62 families, 166 genera, 191 species, 15 varieties, 3 subspecies, and 3 forma. It was found that there were five rare plant taxa distributed in the area, including the Cymbidium macrorrhizum which was classified as an endangered Class II plant by the Ministry of Environment. Floristic target species identified by the surveys included 2 taxa for grade V, 5 taxa for grade IV, 15 taxa for grade III, 14 taxa for grade II, and 19 taxa for grade I. Climate-sensitive biological indicator species included 11 indicator and 2 candidate species, representing a high ratio of 33.3% of all indicator species and 15.4% of candidate species. Naturalized plants included 16 families, 43 genera, and 52 taxa, with a naturalization rate of 21.1% and an urbanization index of 24.5%. It is expected that these results will be widely used as data needed to prepare conservation and management measures for biodiversity in response to climate change in coastal dunes in the future.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.122-128
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• 2015

This study aims to figure out the vegetation status and characteristics of the spatial distribution in Taeanhaean National Park. As a result, vegetation communities were Pinus thunbergii community, Pinus densiflora community, Pinus thunbergii-Pinus densiflora community, Camellia japonica community, Carpinus turczaninowii community, Carpinus turczaninowii-Pinus thunbergii community, Kalopanax septemlobus community, Koelreuteria paniculata community, Robinia pseudoacacia community, and sand dune and coastal wetland vegetation including Vitex rotundifolia community, Elymus mollis community, Calamagrostis epigeios community, Ischaemum anthephoroides community, Zoysia sinica community, Suaeda maritima community, and Phragmites communis community. Landscape types in actual vegetation map were Pinus thunbergii community (3.92%), Pinus densiflora community (1.40%), Robinia pseudoacacia community (0.05%), sand dune and coastal wetland vegetation (0.11%), field (0.46%), seashore (0.24%), thinning area (0.08%), bareground (0.16%), and sea (93.58%). Area of Pinus thunbergii community among vegetation type was $14.797km^2$ (3.92%) and the largest. Stratification structure and species composition of Pinus thunbergii community distributed in the seashore were different as a result of disturbance and human use. On the other hand, we assumed that succession will take place to the potential natural vegetation that is Quercus serrata and Quercus dentata in undisturbed Pinus thunbergii community. Meanwhile, Erechtites hieracifolia was occupied in understory of Pinus thunbergii community around the seashore and Diodia teres was invaded to sand dune vegetation. They may affect on natural species negatively. Therefore, monitoring and management plans are necessary.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.496-507
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• 2006

A hybrid approach integrating both high-resolution and hyperspectral data sets was used to map vegetation cover of a coastal lowland area in the Hawaii Volcanoes National Park. Three common grass species (broomsedge, natal redtop, and pili) and other non-grass species, primarily shrubs, were focused in the study. A 3-step, hybrid approach, combining an unsupervised and a supervised classification schemes, was applied to the vegetation mapping. First, the IKONOS 1-m high-resolution data were classified to create a binary image (vegetated vs. non--vegetated) and converted to 20-meter resolution percent cover vegetation data to match AVIRIS data pixels. Second, the minimum noise fraction (MNF) transformation was used to extract a coherent dimensionality from the original AVIRIS data. Since the grasses and shubs were sparsely distributed and most image pixels were intermingled with lava surfaces, the reflectance component of lava was filtered out with a binary fractional cover analysis assuming that tile total reflectance of a pixel was a linear combination of the reflectance spectra of vegetation and the lava surface. Finally, a supervised approach was used to classify the plant species based on tile maximum likelihood algorithm.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.36 no.8
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• pp.659-664
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• 2012

Coastal vegetaion consists of rooted flowering marine plants that provide a variety of ecosystem services to the coastal areas they colonize. The attenuation of waves and sediments stabilization are often listed among these services. From this point of view, artificial vegetation model is an effective method of controlling sea bed and stabilization without damaging the landscape or the stability of the coastaline. In this study, numerical and hydraulic physical test for predicting deposition proces of a navigation channel caused by wave action is proposed. In the numerical model, we develop a numerical model for describing the wave attenuation and sediment transport in a navigation channel with a vegetation area. In addition, hydraulic model tests is performed in a navigation channel with irregular waves to examine the effect of vegetation in relation to deposition reduction in navigation channel. A comparison between the results of hydraulic and numerical tests shows resonable agreement.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.81-90
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• 2014

This study examined the main factors affecting the distribution of Phytolacca americana, an exotic plant species in Korea, in coastal sand dunes. The areas examined from June 2004 to February 2006 were in Sindusagu where was located on Sindu-ri, Wonbuk-myen, Taean-gun, Chungcheongnam-do. The vegetation, sediment properties, sizes and ages of Robinia pseudoacacia, P. americana and Pinus thnunbergii and spatial distribution of P. americana were assessed. Firstly, correlation coefficients (CC) between P. americana's root biomass and sediment properties were not significant. Secondly, of the four community types, P. americana was not in the mixed herbaceous community and its density was the highest in the P. thunbergii-R. pseudoacacia and R. pseudoacacia community The Poisson distribution analysis revealed the distribution of P. americana to be severely clumped. The root biomass of P. americana and the basal area of R. pseudoacacia were significantly correlated, but the CCs between P. thunbergii and other two species were not significant. The ages of P. americana and R. pseudoacacia in a quadrat were significantly correlated. Thirdly, P. americana's ages in a quadrat were mostly similar to each other. Therefore, the spatial distribution of P. americana was largely influenced by R. pseudoacacia but not by the sediment properties, and plants in a narrow area were concurrently germinated.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.53-63
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• 2004

Planting models for restoration forest on the seaside have been demanded because coastal reclaimed land has increased for habitation sites, industrial complexes and new towns on the west seaside of Korea. The planting models have to consider endurance for bad environmental conditions in order to make a role to protect the urban space against the extreme seaside environment. The dominant species, relative impotance value, individuals and species number were analysed in natural forests that were exposed to extreme seaside conditions in Deokjeok island and Younghung island, Incheon. The native species such as Pinus thunbergii and Pinus densiflora, which survive on the seaside, were mainly recommended because the coastal reclaimed land had extreme environmental conditions. Stable vegetation structures could be made by multi-layer planing by using these species. A diverse vegetation community could be made according to these planting models. The maritime forests made by these planting models might be more effective for environmental adaptation and a windbreak forest than alone tree, and the young trees below 3m height could easily adapt to these conditions.

• Proceedings of the Zoological Society Korea Conference
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• 1998.10b
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• pp.161.1-161
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• 1998

No Abstract, See Full Text

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.180-194
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• 2010

Coastal sand dunes are dynamic and fragile buffer zones of sand and vegetation where the following three characteristics can be found: large quantities of sand, persistent wind capable of moving sand, and suitable locations for sand to accumulate. The functional properties of coastal sand dunes include the roles in sand storage, underground freshwater storage, coastal defense, and ecological environment space, among others. Recently, however, the integrity of coastal dune systems has been threatened by development, including sand extraction for the construction industry, military usage, conversion to golf courses, the building of seawalls and breakwaters, and recreational facility development. In this paper, we examined the development mechanisms and structural/format types of coastal sand dunes, as well as their functions and value from the perspective of coastal engineering based on reviews of previous researches and a case study of a small coastal sand dune in the Nakdong river estuary. Existing data indicate that there are a total of 133 coastal sand dunes in South Korea, 43 distributed on the East Sea coast (32 in the Gangwon area, and 11 in Gyeongsangbuk-do), 60 on the West Sea coast (4 in Incheon and Gyeonggi-do, 42 in Ghungcheongnam-do, 9 in Jellabuk-do, and 5 in Jellanam-do), and 30 on the South Sea coast (16 in Jellanam-do, 2 in Gyeongsangnam-do, and 12 in Jeju).

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.326-339
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• 2022

Recently, not only Korea but also the world has been suffering from problems related to coastal erosion. The hard defense method has been primarily used as a countermeasure against erosion. However, this method is expensive and has environmental implications. Hence, interest in other alternative methods, such as the eco-friendly vegetation method, is increasing. In this study, we aim to analyze the hydraulic characteristic of submerged rigid vegetation according to the cross-sectional change through a hydraulic experiment and numerical simulation. From the hydraulic experiment, the reflection coefficient, transmission coefficient, and energy dissipation coefficient were analyzed according to the density, width, and multi-row arrangement of the vegetation zone. From numerical simulations, the flow field, vorticity distribution, turbulence distribution, and wave distribution around the vegetation zone were analyzed according to the crest depth, width, density, and multi-row arrangement distance of the vegetation zone. The hydraulic experiment results suggest that the transmission coefficient decreased as the density and width of the vegetation zone increased, and the multi-row arrangement condition did not affect the hydraulic characteristics significantly. Moreover, the numerical simulations showed that as the crest depth decreased, the width and density of vegetation increased along with vorticity and turbulence intensity, resulting in increased wave height attenuation performance. Additionally, there was no significant difference in vorticity, turbulence intensity, and wave height attenuation performance based on the multi-row arrangement distance. Overall, in the case of submerged rigid vegetation, the wave energy attenuation performance increased as the density and width of the vegetation zone increased and crest depth decreased. However, the multi-row arrangement condition did not affect the wave energy attenuation performance significantly.