• 한국막학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국막학회 1999년도 Energy Saving Membrane Separtion Systems 에너지 절약형 막분리 시스템
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• pp.39-39
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• 1999

Membrane separation technology has become a more attractive technology on waste water treatment and water recycle in recent years. On this application, membrane does not take main part of treatment, such as decomposition or handling of organic matter in the waste water, but it is very important supporting method in the total system. Activated sludge is most popular method as main part. In the system , membrane works as a separator to obtain clear water after biological treatment, by which the permeate could be released, recycled or applied to further additional treatment, instead of conventional sedimentation, coagulation and sand filtration. We would like to introduce our system cases for waste water treatment and water recycle, in which membrane separation technology works. In most of cases, membranes are applied to solid- liquid separation of activated sludge. Our experiences will be introduced as following items.

• 한국펄프종이공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국펄프종이공학회 2011년도 추계학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.119-123
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• 2011

The application of flexo printed ONP and OCC leads to brightness decrease of deinked stock in ONP recycling system. The largest problems are due to accumulation of flexo ink & introduction of brown fibers. All these are emphasized by variations in the amount of flexo printed ONP and OCC in recovered ONP stock. Most of the brightness problems caused by flexo ink can be helped and solved by applying a proper polyelectrolytes as coagulation agent and flocculation agent. This requires exact evaluation of sedimentation or dissolved air flotation potentials of flexo ink and polyelectrolytes. Effect of bleaching chemical (H2O2) addition level on the increase of brightness of OCC included stock has been investigated by lab scale test.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.303-309
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• 2006

Yongdam reservoir located in Jeoliabuk-do has had a lot of concerns for its algal blooming since it has started to fill water. Many water utilities near Yongdam area use reservoirs even though they have some problems with certain algae that cause tastes and odors and clog filters. In this research, dissolved air flotation (DAF) technology was examined for feasibility for removal of algae. OAF can save the capital cost for its compactness, because its hydraulic loadings (overflow rates) are 10 times higher than sedimentation, and hydraulic detention times are much shorter, typically 5 to 15 minutes. As a result of this research, PAC is effective rather than Alum to DAF for pretreatment. Higher DOC plays an important role to change zetapotential negatively to inhibit destabilization of particle to coagulation. The length of pipeline to carry pressurized water into reactor does not affect reaction.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.412-417
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• 2019

This paper presents the results of using cold plasma to treat surface water for domestic use purpose. Experimental results showed that cold plasma was an effective method for destroying bacteria in water. After treatment with cold plasma, concentration of coliform and Escherichia coli dramatically reduced. Besides, cold plasma significantly removed water odor, increased dissolved oxygen and decreased the concentration of chemical oxygen demand. However, cold plasma significantly raised the concentration of nitrite and nitrate. Other disadvantages of treating with cold plasma were conductivity increase and pH reduction. Pretreatment steps of coagulation, flocculation, sedimentation and sand filtration followed by disinfection with cold plasma exhibited a high efficiency in surface water treatment. All parameters of surface water after treatment by using the prototype satisfied with the allowance standard of domestic water quality.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.332-345
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• 2019

이 연구의 목적은 TPH 또는 $Cr^{6+}$이 함유된 오염 지하수의 처리 가능성을 평가하는 데 있다. 오일과 물의 분리, 용존 공기 부유 (DAF), 응고 및 침전, 모래와 활성탄으로 각각 여과를 위한 실험실 규모 테스트가 수행되었다. 총 40 분간의 분리 시간 동안 오일과 물의 분리 시험을 2 회 실시한 결과 TPH 제거율은 90.2 %였다. 높은 농도의 TPH 샘플에 대한 DAF 테스트의 경우, TPH 제거율은 미세 기포 크기의 변화에 따라 크게 변하지 않았다. 그러나 낮은 TPH 샘플에 대한 테스트는 미세 기포가 작을수록 TPH 제거율이 증가함을 보여준다. DAF 테스트를 위해 응집제를 샘플에 첨가했을 때 TPH 제거율은 12.3 % 증가했다. DAF에 의한 SS 제거율은 $16{\sim}40{\mu}m$에서 97.9 %였으며 미세 기포의 크기가 감소함에 따라 증가했다. 지하수에서 $Cr^{6+}$의 제거를 평가하기 위해 응집 및 침전 시험을 수행했다. $FeSO_4$ 투여량을 증가하였을때 응집 및 침전 공정에서 $Cr^{6+}$ 제거율이 증가하였다. 필터 매체에서 활성탄의 비율이 높을수록 여과공정에서 TPH 제거율이 증가한다. 여과에 의한 SS 제거율은 DAF 공정 시험 결과와 비슷한 96.7 %였다. 여과 과정은 TPH와 SS 농도가 감소하였다. 모래의 크기가 $425{\sim}850{\mu}m$이고 활성탄과 모래의 비율이 50:50일때 최적의 처리효율을 나타냈다.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.347-352
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• 2005

본 연구에서는 지표수 중의 자연적 방사성핵종인 Uranium-238에 대해 서울시 한강 팔당 상수원수와 정수 중의 존재량을 조사하고, 서울시 6개 정수장 정수처리 공정별 우라늄의 거동 및 제거 특성에 대하여 조사하였다. 분석 결과, 한강수계의 우라늄 농도는 $0.02{\sim}0.54\;{\mu}g/L$의 범위로 나타났다. 시료 내에 존재하는 총용존성고형물의 양, 전기전도도와 우라늄 농도 사이의 상관관계를 분석한 결과, 정수의 경우를 제외하고 총용존성고형물의 양과 전기전도도가 증가하면 우라늄 농도가 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 지질구조의 구성에 따른 우라늄 농도 분포를 조사한 결과, 조사대상 지역이 대부분 호상편마암 지역으로 우라늄 농도와 상관관계가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 6개 정수장 공정별 평균 우라늄 농도는 원수 $0.134\;{\mu}g/L$, 응집수 $0.050\;{\mu}g/L$, 침전수 $0.029\;{\mu}g/L$, 여과수 $0.020\;{\mu}g/L$, 정수 $0.019\;{\mu}g/L$로 여과공정 이후의 우라늄 농도는 최대 $0.029\;{\mu}g/L$ 이하의 낮은 수준을 유지했다. 원수 대비 공정별 평균 우라늄 제거율은 응집공정에서 63%, 침전공정에서 15%, 여과 소독공정에서 8%로 나타났으며, 원수 대비 78%가 응집 침전공정에서 제거되었으며 8%가 여과 소독공정에서 제거됨을 알 수 있었다.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.58-63
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• 2009

용존공기부상(Dissolved Air Flotation)은 조류, 휴믹물질, 및 저밀도 입자가 포함된 원수의 처리에서 침전지보다 우수한 성능을 가지는 공정이다. 본 연구는 실험실과 실규모의 DAF 펌프형 시스템을 이용하여 정수처리공정의 전처리(응집/응결) 조건에 따른 처리효율을 비교하여 나타하였다. 실규모 DAF 펌프형 시스템(Full scale DAF pump system ; F-DAF)은 처리용량과 수력학적 부하량을 각각 5,000 톤/일과 10 m/hr이며, F-DAF는 D 정수장의 원수에서 전처리(혼화/응집) 및 운전성능을 최적화하기 위해 운전하였다. 실험실 규모의 실험결과는 원수 탁도 13.8~56.3 NTU에서 최적 PSO-M 주입량은 2.7~4.5 mL/$m^3$/NTU이었다. 이와같이 최적 응집제 주입 조건에서 유출수의 탁도를 1.0 NTU 이하로 1개월 동안 유지하며 F-DAF의 운전이 가능하였다.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제35권5호
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• pp.323-334
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• 2021

Pilot-scale coagulation and sedimentation processes were operated to investigate the T-P (Total phosphorus) removal efficiency. A multiple regression model was also derived to predict the water quality improvement effect with river water characteristics. The inflow rates for the pilot-scale facility were 157-576 m³/day, and the coagulant doses were in the range of 13.7-58.5 mg/L (average 38.9 mg/L) for PAC (Poly alum chloride) and 16.5-62.1 mg/L (average 36.0 mg/L) for alum. The results found that the influent BOD (Biochemical oxygen demand) and T-P concentrations were 4.9 mg/L and 0.115 mg/L, and the removal efficiencies were 52.7% and 59.4%, respectively. T-P removal efficiencies on wet weather days were higher by 10% than dry weather days because influent solids influenced T-P's coagulation process. The pH of river water was 6.9-7.8, and the average pH was 7.3. Although the pH variation was not significant, the trend showed that the treatment efficiency of T-P and PO₄-P removal increased. Thus, the pH range considered in this study seems to be appropriate for the coagulation process, which is essential for phosphorous removal. The T-P removal efficiencies were 19.6-93.3% (average 59.2%) for PAC and 16.4-98.5%(average 55.9%) for alum; thus, both coagulants showed similar results. Furthermore, the average coagulant doses were similar at 42.4 mg/L for PAC and 41.3 mg/L for alum. When the T-P concentration of the effluent was compared by the [Al]/[P] ratio, the phosphorus concentration of the treated water decreased with an increasing [Al]/[P] ratio, and the lowest T-P concentration range appeared at the [Al]/[P] ratio of 10-30. A seasonal multiple regression analysis equations were derived from the relationships between 10 independent and dependent variables (T-P concentration of effluent). This study could help lake water quality maintenance, reduce eutrophication, and improve direction settings for urban planning, especially plans related to developing waterfront cities.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제55권6호
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• pp.816-821
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• 2017

하수 및 폐수 내 고농도의 인 및 부유물질 제어를 위해 개발한 일체형 완속교반/침전 그물망 압착식 섬유여과시스템을 이용하여 하수처리장의 반류수 내 부유성 고형물 및 인 처리에 적용했을 경우에 따른 성능을 검토하고자 하였다. 6가지 Mode로 실험을 하였으며, 16.7, 33.3, 41.7 및 50.0 ton/day 유량과 Al/P 몰비 2~4의 조건에서 실험을 행하였다. 응집제를 주입하였을 경우에 모두 높은 총인(T-P) 제거 효율을 보였지만 연속운전시간이 7.8 min~11.4 min으로 짧아지는 단점이 생겼다. 이를 극복하기 위해 일체형 완속교반/침전 그물망 압착식 섬유여과시스템을 응집/급속교반/공기주입/완속교반/침전공정 및 여과공정으로 진행 시 연속운전시간이 88.2 min으로 다른 모드로 운전한 결과에 비해 8~11.3배 정도 증가하였다. 역세수량율도 5.4%로 매우 낮게 나타남에 따라 이 공정이 가장 효율적인 처리방안으로 평가되었다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제21권7호
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• pp.837-843
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• 2012

The aims of this study were to investigated the occurrence of caffeine and carbamazepine in Nakdong river basin (8 mainstreams and 2 tributaries) and the behavior of caffeine and carbamazepine under drinking water treatment processes (conventional and advanced processes). The examination results showed that caffeine was detected at all sampling sites (5.4~558.5 ng/L), but carbamazepine was detected at five sampling sites (5.1~79.4 ng/L). The highest concentration level of caffeine and carbamazepine in the mainstream and tributaries in Nakdong river were Goryeong and Jinchun-cheon, respectively. These pharmaceutical products were completely removed when they were subject to conventional plus advanced processes of drinking water treatment processes. Conventional processes of coagulation, sedimentation and sand-filtration were not effective for their removal, while advanced processes of ozonation and biological activated carbon (BAC) filtration were effective. Among these pharmaceuticals, carbamazeoine was more subject to ozonation than caffeine.