• Animal Bioscience
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.105-115
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• 2024

Objective: A study was conducted to determine the chemical composition of barley and co-products from barley, corn, and wheat produced in South-East Asia or Australia, and to test the hypothesis that production area or production methods can impact the chemical composition of wheat co-products. Methods: Samples included seven barley grains, two malt barley rootlets, one corn gluten feed, one corn gluten meal, one corn bran, eight wheat brans, one wheat mill mix, and four wheat pollards. All samples were analyzed for dry matter, gross energy, nitrogen, amino acids (AA), acid hydrolyzed ether extract, ash, minerals, starch, and insoluble dietary fiber and soluble dietary fiber. Malt barley rootlets and wheat co-products were also analyzed for sugars. Results: Chemical composition of barley, malt barley rootlets, and corn co-products were in general similar across countries. Wheat pollard had greater (p<0.05) concentrations of tryptophan, magnesium, and potassium compared with wheat bran, whereas wheat bran had greater (p<0.05) concentration of copper than wheat pollard. There were no differences in chemical composition between wheat bran produced in Australia and wheat bran produced in Thailand. Conclusion: Intact barley contains more starch, but fewer AA, than grain co-products. There were only few differences in the composition of wheat bran and wheat pollard, indicating that the two ingredients are similar, but with different names. However, corn gluten meal contains more protein and less fiber than corn bran.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.480-487
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• 2019

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a major public health issue in Japan and other countries, and foods that prevent or treat OA are in strong demand. Proteins and peptides in chicken meat and bones are known for being rich in functional and nutritional ingredients for the improvement of osteoporosis. We speculated that chicken legs, a food consumed in many regions of the world, may also contain such ingredients. In this study, we aim to (i) evaluate the effect of chicken leg extract (CLE) on the promotion of cartilage matrix production and (ii) identify the active ingredient in CLE that contributes to this function. MATERIALS/METHODS: Artificial CLE digest was prepared, and the acid mucopolysaccharide production-promoting activity of the CLE digest was evaluated by alcian blue staining of ATDC5 cells. CLE was orally administered to rabbits with burr holes in the knee joint of the femur, and the degree of regeneration of cartilage matrix was evaluated. Furthermore, we investigated orally administered CLE-derived peptides in human plasma using LC-MS. From measuring the acid mucopolysaccharide production-promotion activity of these peptides, a molecule considered to be an active ingredient in the CLE digest was identified. RESULTS: CLE digest promoted acid mucopolysaccharide production and facilitated regeneration of cartilage matrix in in vitro and in vivo experiments. Four peptides including phenylalanyl-hydroxyproline (Phe-Hyp) were detected as CLE-derived peptides in human plasma. The effect of CLE was inferred to be due to Phe-Hyp, which was confirmed to be present in the CLE digest. CONCLUSIONS: It was shown that CLE stimulated the production of articular cartilage matrix both in vitro and in vivo, and that CLE could be an effective food for preventing or treating OA. Furthermore, only Phe-Hyp was confirmed as the active compound in the CLE digest, suggesting that the activity of CLE was due to Phe-Hyp.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제46권5호
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• pp.1002-1007
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• 2008

이 논문의 목적은 PEMFC 작동을 위한 플라즈마 개질 시스템의 최적 조건을 연구한 것이다. 플라즈마 개질 반응기는 니켈 촉매 반응기와 동시에 사용하여 수소 생성을 증대하였다. 또한 수성가스 전환 반응기 및 선택적 산화 반응기는 연료전지의 촉매 피독에 영향을 주는 일산화탄소의 농도를 10 ppm 이하로 줄이기 위하여 제작되었다. 플라즈마 개질기에서 최대 수소생산 조건은 S/C 비 3.2, 메탄 2.0 L/min, 촉매반응기 온도는 $700{\pm}5^{\circ}C$ 그리고 입력전력 900 W이다. 이때의 합성가스의 농도는 $H_2$ 70.2%, CO 7.5%, $CO_2$ 16.2%, $CH_4$ 1.8% 이다. 수소 수율, 수소 선택도 그리고 메탄 전환율는 각각 56.8%, 38.1%, 92.2%이다. 에너지 효율과 에너지 요구량은 37.0%, 183.6 kJ/mol 이다. 추가적으로 $CO_2/CH_4$ 비 실험을 진행하였다. 또한 수성가스 전환 반응기는 플라즈마 개질 반응기의 최적조건으로 실험을 진행하였으며, 출구 농도는 $H_2$ 68.0%, CO 337 ppm, $CO_2$ 24.0%, $CH_4$ 2.2%, $C_2H_4$ 0.4%, $C_2H_6$ 4.1% 이다. 이때의 선택적 산화 반응기의 실험결과는 $H_2$ 51.9%, CO 0%, $CO_2$ 17.3%를 나타냈다.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.153-160
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• 1999

후지 사과의 CA 저장 효과를 생리화학적으로 구명하기 위해 저장 조건에 따른 에틸렌과 이산화탄소 생성 및 이들의 연관성 그리고 과육경도와 과피색의 변화를 조사하였다. 저장 산소농도가 낮을수록 ACC oxidase 활성이 억제되어 내부 에틸렌 농도가 낮게 유지되었다. 특히 1% $O_2$+l% $CO_2$ 조건에서는 내부 에틸렌 농도가 1 ppm 이하로 유지되었으며 저장 후 2$0^{\circ}C$의 air에서도 거의 변화가 없었다. 에틸렌 생성에 고농도 이산화탄소의 영향은 구성 산소농도에 의존적이어서 1% 산소에서는 효과가 없거나 생성 증가 효과를, 3% 산소에서는 생성 억제효과를 나타내었다. 내부 에틸렌 농도와 에틸렌 방출량은 밀접한 상관관계을 나타내었다. 내부 이산화탄소 농도도 이산화탄소 방출량과 밀접한 상관관계를 나타내었으며 저장 산소농도가 가장 낮은 조건인 1% $O_2$+l% $CO_2$에서 가장 낮게 유지되었고 저장 후의 증가폭은 다른 조건들과 차이가 없었다. 저장조건에 따른 에틸렌과 이산화탄소 생성량의 연관성은 CA 저장 사과와 단기간 air 저장 사과에서는 존재하였으나 장기간 air 저장 사과에서는 보이지 않았다. 사과의 과육경도와 과피의 녹색은 에틸렌과 이산화탄소의 생성이 억제된 저장조건일수록 손실이 적었다.

• 청정기술
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.9-17
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• 2022

전기화학적 이산화탄소 환원 기술은 전기에너지를 이용하여 대표적인 온실가스인 이산화탄소를 유용한 기초 화학제품으로 전환시킬 수 있는 유망한 기술 중 하나다. 특히, 다양한 후보 제품 중 일산화탄소는 높은 Faraday 효율과 우수한 경제성을 나타내기 때문에 학계와 산업계의 많은 관심을 받고 있다. 과거 여러 연구진이 본 기술의 온실가스 저감 잠재량을 정량적으로 분석했으나, 분석 과정에서 도입된 과정과 사용된 인벤토리 데이터의 일관성 및 투명성에 문제가 제기된다. 본 연구에서는 전기화학적 이산화탄소 환원을 통한 일산화탄소 생산 공정의 온실가스 저감 잠재량 분석을 위한 전과정평가를 수행했다. 세 종류의 시스템 경계를 정의 후 각각의 지구온난화지수를 화석연료 기반 일산화탄소 생산 공정과 비교했다. 분석 결과, 전기화학적 일산화탄소 생산 기술을 도입하여 온실가스를 저감하기 위해서는 전해조 구동에 필요한 전기에너지의 배출계수가 현재 국내 발전부문의 배출계수보다 충분히 낮아야 한다는 점을 확인했다. 또한, 신뢰성 있는 온실가스 저감 잠재량 분석을 위해서는 기존의 화석연료 기반 일산화탄소 생산 공정의 인벤토리 정보를 투명하게 공개하는 것이 중요함을 밝혔다.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.93-97
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• 2008

Anaerobic co-digestion of swine manure and food waste for biogas production was performed in serum bottles at 2% volatile solids(VS) concentration and various mixing ratios of two substrates(swine manure: food waste = 100 : 0 $\sim$ 0 : 100). Through kinetic mode of surface methodology, the methane production was fitted to a Gompertz equation. The specific methane production potential of swine manure alone was lower than that of food waste. However, maximum methane production potential increased up to 1.09-1.22% as food waste composition increased up to the 80%. The maximum methane production value of food waste was 544.52 mL/g VS. It was observed that the maximum methane production potential of 601.86 mL/g VS was found at the mixing ratio of 40:60.

• Journal of Ceramic Processing Research
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.514-518
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• 2018

The direct carbon fuel cell (DCFC) has attracted researcher's attention recently, due to its high conversion efficiency and its abundant fuel, carbon. A DCFC mathematical model has developed in two-dimensional, lab-scale, and considers Boudouard reaction and carbon monoxide (CO) oxidation. The model simulates the CO production by Boudouard reaction and additional electron production by CO oxidation. The Boudouard equilibrium strongly depends on operating temperature and affects the amount of produced CO and consequentially affects the overall fuel cell performance. Two different operating temperatures (973 K, 1023 K) has been calculated to discover the CO production by Boudouard reaction and overall fuel cell performance. Moreover, anode thickness of the cell has been considered to find out the influence of the Boudouard reaction zone in fuel cell performance. It was found that in high temperature operating DCFC modeling, the Boudouard reaction cannot be neglected and has a vital role in the overall fuel cell performance.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.281-290
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• 1993

This experiment was designed to evaluate the effect of degree of unsaturation (Experiment 1) and the chain length of constituent fatty acids of dietary fats (Experiment 2) on-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase activities in the liver and small intestine of chicks. Chicks were fed experimental diets for 10 days and then killed for the determination of the HMG-CoA reductase activities in the intestinal epithelial cell and hepatic microsomes. The hepatic HMG-CoA reductase activity showed the highest value in chicks fed the tallow-containing diet. Chicks fed diets containing safflower or coconut oil resulted in a significantly lower intestinal HMG-CoA reductase activity in comparison with those fed the olive oil-containing diet. The hepatic HMG-CoA reductase activity was significantly higher when fat-free and trilaurin were fed than when any other triglycerides were fed. This activity showed the lowest value in the chicks fed the diet containing tristearin. The HMG-CoA reductase activities in the jejunum and ileum were significantly or tended to be higher when trilaurin was fed than when any other triglycerides were fed. Except when trilaurin was fed, the presence of saturated fat in the diet did not have a significant effect on the intestinal HMG-CoA reductase activity, unlike the effect shown when a highly unsaturated fat was added to the diet. There was no significant correlation between the HMG-CoA reductase activities of the liver and intestinal, and the HMG-CoA reductase activity and cholesterol content of the intestinal epithelial cells.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제43권5호
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• pp.728-733
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• 2010

작형별로 봄감자, 가을감자로 구분하고 전과정평가를 통하여 감자생산체계를 원단위탄소성적과 이를 위한 LCI database 구축하였다. LCI 구축을 위한 영농 투입물 산출물에 대한 데이터 수집결과 봄감자는 특히 농약투입이 가을감자에 비하여 매우 높은 값을 나타내었고, 가을감자는 무기질비료 투입이 봄감자보다 많았다. 포장에서의 직접대기배출 ($CO_2$, $CH_4$, $N_2O$)은 봄감자와 가을감자가 각각 2.17E-02 kg $kg^{-1}$ potato 2.47E-02kg $kg^{-1}$ potato였다. 원단위 탄소성적은 봄감자가 8.38E-01 kg $CO_2$-eq. $kg^{-1}$ potato고, 가을감자가 8.10E-01kg $CO_2$-eq. $kg^{-1}$ potato였다. $CO_2$의 주요 발생요인은 비료생산공정이었고 (약 90%), 그 다음이 감자생산 (약6%)이었다. $N_2O$ 발생은 비료생산이 약 76%, 감자생산이 약 23%를 차지하였다. 평가 결과 봄감자의 GWP 특성화값은 8.38E-01 kg $CO_2$-eq. $kg^{-1}$이고, 가을감자는 8.10E-01 kg $CO_2$-eq. $kg^{-1}$였다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.494-502
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• 2011

Coenzyme $Q_{10}$ ($CoQ_{10}$) is a widely used supplement in heart diseases treatment or antioxidative dietary. The microbial production of $CoQ_{10}$ was enhanced by addition of solanesol and novel precursors recovered from waste tobacco. The novel precursors were separated by silica gel and identified as ${\alpha}$-linolenic acid (LNA) and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) based on the effect on $CoQ_{10}$ production and GC-MS. The effects of novel precursors on $CoQ_{10}$ production by Sphingomonas sp. ZUTE03 were further evaluated in a two-phase conversion system. The precursor's combination of solanesol (70 mg/l) with BHT (30 mg/l) showed the best effect on the improvement of $CoQ_{10}$ yield. A maximal $CoQ_{10}$ productivity (9.5 mg $l^{-1}$ $h^{-1}$) was achieved after 8 h conversion, with a molar conversion rate of 92.6% and 92.4% on BHT and solanesol, respectively. The novel precursors, BHT and LNA in crude extracts from waste tobacco leaves, might become potential candidates for application in the industrial production of $CoQ_{10}$ by microbes.