• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.35-39
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• 2005

Highly Activated Calcium(below HAC) is the oxidized calcium made by dissolving shell materials with high voltage about 15,000V and high temperature ($1,500{\sim}5,000^{\circ}C$). This HAC is a material with a very high degree of purity without toxicant. This HAC decreases chemical reaction so the degree of being active and dissolving living material is outstanding. The effects of HAC on the propagation of mushrooms are following. In the case of the Pleurotus ostreatus, when controlling media moisture by mixing with the HAC, mycelium cultivating days were shortened by 2days. The day required for primordial formation after inoculation(DPI) were one day faster. The number of stem was 15 and individual weight was 248g/850cc, a 6.5% increase. In the case of Pleurotus eryngii, when controlling media moisture by mixing with the highly activated calcium, mycelium cultivating days were shortened by 3days. DPI were l day faster. The day required for colonization after inoculation was shortened by 6days and individual weight was 108.8g/850cc, a 9.7% increase. In the case of Flammulina velutipes, the highly activated calcium was the best for scraping up mycelium. Mycelium incubating days were shortened by 2days. DPI were shortened by 3days. The day required for colonization after inoculation was 1day faster and the period of cultivation was shortened by 3days. Individual weight was 165g/850cc, a 6.7% increase. In the case of Lentinula edodes, when mixing media with the highly cultivated calcium, cultivating days were shortened by 3 days. The days for becoming brown in color were 2 days faster and the days of the first harvest were shortened by 4 days. The weight of mushrooms was 169g/2kg, a 9.7% increase.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.437-442
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• 2013

Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of drive-assisting system in a shower carrier on the upper body muscle activities of caregivers through drivability tests. Background: In care facilities, one of the major ADL (Activities of Daily Living) factors is bathing/showering. Recently, bath/shower-assisting equipment is actively being introduced in care facilities to reduce caregivers' muscle burden. In particular, it is desirable to utilize a shower carrier equipped with drive-assisting system to effectively care for the elderly. However, there were few systematic studies on the relationship between muscle activities and drive-assisting speeds. Method: For the drivability tests to study the effects on the muscle activities according to the drive-assisting speeds(corresponding drive-voltages: 0.0V, 2.0V, 2.1V, 2.3V), 6 females in their 40s($43{\pm}4yrs$, $157{\pm}5cm$, and $54.5{\pm}1.5kg$) were selected. To measure muscle activities of caregivers through drivability tests, 7 muscles in the upper body(TM/Trapezius Muscle, DM/Deltoid Muscle, BBM/Biceps Brachii Muscle, TBM/Triceps Brachii Muscle, ECRLM/Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus Muscle, FCUM/Flexor Carpi Ulnaris Muscle, and ESM/Erector Spinae Muscle) were selected. Results: In the TM, muscle activities were decreased as 21% compared to 0.0V, when drive-voltage 2.0V was applied, as 57% by 2.1V, and 62% by 2.3V(p<0.05), whereas 40%, 56%, and 69% of muscles activities were decreased respectively from the DM(p<0.05). Also, from the UL(BBM+TBM+ECRLM+FCUM), muscle activities were decreased by 17% with 2.0V as against 0.0V, by 47% with 2.1V, and 52% with 2.3V, whereas decreases in muscle activities from the ESM were found by 20%, 34%, and 42% respectively by 2.0V, 2.1V, and 2.3V(p<0.05). Conclusion: The muscle activities were decreased in the order of the DM, TM, ESM, and UL. As muscle activities were remarkably reduced as drive voltage were increased, it was expected to reduce the upper body muscle burden on the caregivers when using shower carriers equipped with driving-assist system. Applications: The results from this study can be applied for the development of a shower carrier including other equipment to possibly reduce the muscle burden of the caregivers.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.93-101
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• 2018

A city is like a living organism that is born, grows and become extinct within an ecosystem. In recent years, more and more cities have been planned by designers rather than spontaneously growing over time. This planning means that if a city is not appropriately designed at the beginning, it is very hard to fix or adjust it later. A poor urban design inconveniences many people, and forces them to adjust to it. For this reason, it is important to design a city as optimally as possible at the design phase. One of the reasons why a city is not designed optimally is complexity. Previous urban design methods have attempted to resolve the complexity by using a top-down problem-solving method based on the experience and knowledge of the urban planner. However, such an approach does not have the organic characteristics of a bottom-up problem-solving method of an artificial life, based on the creation principle of the ecosystem. Therefore, in this study the general principle of artificial life, which can provide a solution to the bigger problems that accumulate as a result of the solutions to small units of problems, is adopted. This enables us to draw various urban design alternatives, and it proves that the alternatives, despite being drawn through a limited modeling method, have almost no differences from those designed by an expert, and its possibilities of future development has also been verified.

• Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.147-153
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• 2015

Various adverse effects can occur due to direct exposure from toxic substances when toxic materials are used to restore river ecosystems. Thus, this study performed analysis on the development of toxicity in terms of survival and abnormality rates using embryos of Bombina orientalis living in Korea to analyze the toxicity of materials used in the river projects. The results showed that the toxicity in cement (C group) was the strongest whereas the toxicity in plant-based polyurethane (P1 group) was the weakest. Survival rates of B. orientalis embryos were 100%, 94 - 95%, 66 - 89% and 0% in control, P1, polyurethane (P2) and C groups, respectively. Abnormalities of embryos were 10.5%, 5.3 - 10.5%, 26.3 - 27.8% and 35.7% in control, P1, P2 and C groups, respectively. Furthermore, we verified that having a sufficient curing time reduced toxic substances that were extracted. The above result suggest that cement and polyurethane hamper the early development of amphibians. In conclusion, it is highly important to review biological safety with respect to the selection of materials used to restore rivers. This study shows the importance of the selection of eco-friendly materials and processes.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.141-145
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• 2014

There is a burgeoning number of products on the market that contain probiotics, but do they do you any good? What exactly are probiotics? They have been defined as living organisms that, when ingested in sufficient quantities, provide health benefits beyond basic nutrition. They are often referred to as "friendly bacteria" or "good bacteria." Probiotics have been claimed, amongst other things, to (i) reduce the incidence of colon cancer and other diseases of the colon, such as IBS, (ii) stimulate the immune system, (iii) have anti-hypertensive and anti-cholesterolemic properties, (iv) mitigate against the effect of antibiotics on the intestinal microbiota, and (v) protect against gastrointestinal infections. However, the scientific basis for many of these claims is not well-established. Indeed, the European Food Safety Authority has denied the use of several health claims associated with probiotics, particularly those related to mitigation of diarrhea following consumption of antibiotics. Thus, there is a need for research on the mechanisms of action of probiotics. We have been mainly interested in the use of probiotics to control enteric infections. There are several possible modes of action to explain how probiotics may protect the host from enteric pathogens, including competitive exclusion and immunomodulation. We have shown that probiotics produce bioactive molecules that interfere with bacterial cell-cell communication (also called quorum sensing), and this results in a down-regulation of virulence genes that are responsible for attachment of the pathogen to the gastrointestinal epithelium. These bioactive molecules act on a variety of bacteria, including enterohemorrhagic and enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli, Salmonella, Clostridium difficile and Clostridium perfringens, and there is evidence that they can inhibit the formation of biofilms by Listeria monocytogenes. These bioactive molecules, which are peptidic in nature, can exert their effects not only in vitro but also in vivo, and we have shown that they mitigate against E. coli O157:H7 and Salmonella in mice and Salmonella and E. coli K88 infections in pigs. They can be delivered in foods such as yoghurt and maintain their activity.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.82-95
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• 2003

Our health is intimately connected to the health of our environment. The contemporary world view which sees a radical distinction between humans as subjects and world as object can obscure our recognition of how much we rely on nature for health and survival. Indigenous traditions and contemporary scholars remind us that we live in a universe in which all things are connected, and in which nature continues to offer its gifts in co-creative partnership for the health and wellbeing of all. Living in awareness of our relationship with nature enables us to open more to the experience of nature's nurturing. Many complementary therapies derive from ancient practices that involve nature in healing partnership. Essential oils have been used for thousands of years. Hippocrates claimed that the way to health was through aromatic baths and massages. Much anecdotal evidence exists regarding aromatherapeutic positive effects on recipients. Aromatherapy is a branch of complementary or alternative therapy which is increasing in popularity, yet has scant scientific credibility. Aromatherapy should be defined as treatment using odors and practised as such. However, essential oils are usually used in conjunction with therapeutic massage and often combined with counselling of some kind. Aromatherapy complements and enhances the therapeutic powers of massage. Massage is one of the most wonderful ways to relax and is throughly beneficial to health. Massage can help unknot tense and aching muscles and other minor symptoms of stress, leaving patients fresh and energized. As the use of aromatherapy within a health care setting has grown so rapidly in recent years, and will continue to do so, the need for suitable training has become apparent. No health service can afford the risk of having staff who are inadequately trained in the practice of aromatherapy using essential oils incorrectly on those in a state of ill-health, especially if the essential oils used are not to a standard suitable for therapeutic use. Training to an acceptable level in aromatic therapy is essential for safety and effectiveness. Knowledge of the nature and make-up of essential oils, their effect on the body and the emotions, and how, when, and where to apply them is imperative in order for them to be beneficial to a patient's health. In order to achieve best practice, further research is necessary to explore the use of aromatherapy in the management of multiple disorder.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.253-258
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• 2016

In this study, nano-micelled curcumin was produced with natural sea salt with a view to comparing the in silico molecular binding affinity of pure curcumin compound to the active site of transthyretin. Using an optical light microscope and an electron microscope, it was found that the structure of the surface and the cross-section of nano-micelled curcumin was significantly different from natural sea salt. In particular, the crystal structure and nano-components in the nano-micelled curcumin were united, and the layer was more strongly stabilized than untreated salts. In the virtual 3D structure, in silico molecular docking study, the ligand binding affinity of nano-micelled curcumin to the transthyretin active site was found to be higher than that of pure curcumin. In addition, a nano-micelled curcumin formula interacted with more amino acid residues of transthyretin domains. The pharmacophore feature of the nano-micelled curcumin also showed more condensed and constrained features than normal curcumin. These results suggest that nano-micelled curcumin may effectively bind to and stabilize transthyretin, thereby regulating transthyretin-related physiological diseases. Collectively, the nano-micelled curcumin process suggests that normal curcumin can be modified more efficiently into the novel bio-functional chemical formula to stabilize the transthyretin structure. Therefore, the nano-micelled curcumin process can be applied to the field of the regulation of Alzheimer's disease.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.328-333
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• 2014

Folate is a water-soluble vitamin B that is required for the synthesis of amino acids and nucleic acids. It plays an important role in cell division and cell growth in several living organisms. The purpose of this study was to screen strong folate-synthesizing bacteria and to optimize their culture conditions for folate production. Folate production was quantified by microbiological assays by using folate-dependent strain Lactobacillus rhamnosus KCTC 3237. Folate derivatives were identified by LC-MS/MS. Of the 65 strains of bifidobacteria and lactobacilli tested, L. plantarum Fol 708 demonstrated the greatest ability to produce folate. Its optimal pH for folate production was 5.5 in a pH-controlled, lab-scale fermenter. Coculturing L. plantarum Fol 708 with L. brevis GABA 100 in a milk medium enhanced the level of folate produced in comparison to culturing L. plantarum Fol 708 alone.

• Journal of The Korean Dental Society of Anesthesiology
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.101-106
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• 2014

Background: Remifentanil, an ultra-short-acting mu-opioid receptor agonist, is unique from other opioids because of its esterase-based metabolism, minimal accumulation, and very rapid onset and offset of clinical action. Remifentanil can prevent the inflammatory response and can suppress inducible nitric oxide synthase expression in a septic mouse model. However, the effects of remifentanil on human keratinocyte and autophagy have yet to be fully elucidated during hypoxia-reoxygenation. Here we investigated whether remifentanil confers protective effect against hypoxia-reoxygenation in human keratinocyte and, if so, whether autophagy mediates this effect. Methods: The human keratinocytes were cultured under 1% oxygen tension. The cells were gassed with 94% $N_2$, and 5% $CO_2$ and incubated for 24 h at $37^{\circ}C$. To determine whether the administration of affects human keratinocytes hypoxia-reoxygenation injury, cells were then exposed to various concentrations of remifentanil (0.01, 0.1, 0.5 and 1 ng/ml) for 2 h. After remifentanil treatment, to simulate reoxygenation and recovery, the cells were reoxygenated for 12 h at $37^{\circ}C$. Control group did not receive remifentanil treatment. Normoxia group did not receive hypoxia and remifentanil treatment for 36 h. 3-MA group was treated 3-methyladenine (3-MA) for 1h before remifentanil treatment. Cell viability was measured using a quantitative colorimetric assay with MTT, showing the mitochondrial activity of living cells. Cells were stained with fluorescence and analyzed with Western blot analysis to find out any relations with activation of autophagy. Results: Prominent accumulation of autophagic specific staining MDC was observed around the nuclei in RPT group HaCaT cells. Similarly, AO staining, red fluorescent spots appeared in RPT group HaCaT cells, while the Normoxia, control and 3-MA groups showed mainly green cytoplasmic fluorescence. We here examined activation of autophagy related protein under H/R-induced cells by Western blotting analysis. Atg5, Beclin-1, LC3-II (microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 form II) and p62 was elevated in RPT group cells. But they were decreased when autophagy was suppressed by 3-MA (Fig. 5). Conclusions: Although the findings of this study are limited to an in vitro interpretation, we suggest that remifentanil may have a beneficial effect in the recovery of wound from hypoxia-reoxygenation injury.

• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.25
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• pp.107-129
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• 2011

This article aims to observe the role of Arabic and analyze the future of Arabic in France under the base of the Al-Sabhan Rabina Baldhawe's article, published in mettre l'importance sur University Paris 8 in 2007. In the first part, we have focus into the historical analysis: in France, with a few Arabic and French policy has been settled for what were examined. Also enable the use of Arabic in France with regard to trends of Maghreb countries and other Arab countries, is being led by noted. In the second part, we put on the importance about the situation of Arabic in the France's educational institution. And we have analysed the reasons why Arabic became the most important reason for learning the target language: - in order to faciliate the children of immigrants living in Maghreb able to speak French - Due to differences in culture and language experience to relieve the psychological insecurity above sea - By using the Arabic language at home among family members, strengthen solidarity and resolve heterogeneity In the third part, we have recognized that the French education system was looked at in the Journal of Arabic teaching elementary, middle and high school courses, separated by a learning Arabic as the target language. Finally, we have tried to find a way to revitalize Arabic in France in connection with Sabhan Rabina Al-Baldhawe concrete example of the paper were based on a survey. France and the Arab countries' relationship has been long enough to prove the historic aspects and economic cooperation have maintained a relationship even tighter. Arabic, many of the French people also need education and children to learn Arabic in the French educational institution that has shown a positive stance. French students learning Arabic as a future career in choosing the width of the wider benefits it helps to have. Learning Arabic in the course need to be addressed is also true that a lot of points. But the Arabic and various aspects of internal organization is considered a minority in the popular Arabic language training in France has become more competitive in research and analysis to be active stance is required externally, such as the increase of trade agreements and economic systems side at the level of cultural exchange and international co-operation system, strengthening its position as the Arabic language in France.