• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.80-90
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• 2015

This study aims to improve plans by analyzing spatial compositions of cohousing common houses, their role depending on the types of users and spaces, and satisfaction from the user-oriented design perspective. For this study, a basic concept was examined based on previous studies and literature reviews. So-Haeng-Ju(Happy House with Communication) Houses 1, 2, and 3 in Seongmisan Village was analyzed. As well, interviews with residents of these houses were conducted to analyze the role of user behavior in common house depending on the types of users and spaces. As a result, it was found that there were common characteristics of roles in an exchange with neighbors, cooperative child-care, and residents' meetings. The time and behavioral types were different depending on the living patterns, characteristics, and family members of residents. User satisfaction with the locations of community facilities including communal kitchen and communal living room, the composition of rooms, communication with residents, and the connection between communal living space and personal living space, was above the average. However, user satisfaction with storage facilities, or defect repair and facility maintenance was low. Most of cohousing common house users were satisfied with the use and size of spaces, and a sense of community, including communication with neighbors beyond the environment and Seongmisan Village. In conclusion, a realistic alternative is required for future cohousing by developing a system regarding human resources networks and cost bearing issues.

• Journal of Family Relations
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.123-141
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• 2016

Objective: This study examined correlates of residential proximity between parents and non-coresident married children. A majority of existing studies on intergenerational living arrangement has focused on exploring factors that are associated with intergenerational coresidence only, despite an increasing number of parents and children who do not live together but close by. Because residential proximity facilitates frequent contacts and support exchanges between the two generations, it is important to understand its correlates. Method: The data were drawn from first wave of the Korean Longitudinal Study of Ageing (KLoSA, 2006), a nationally representative sample of adults 45 years or older and their spouses. The analytic sample consisted of 3,950 parents with 10,946 non-coresident married children. Both regression with robust standard errors and sibling fixed effects regression models were estimated using the reg and xtreg procedures in STATA. Results: Younger, less depressed, and more physically impaired parents lived closer to at least one of their married children (within a 30-minute distance by public transportation). Fathers (compared to mothers), parents living in cities (compared to those living in rural areas), parents with at least one co-resident child or fewer numbers of married children tended to have at least one married child living nearby. With regard to child characteristics, married children who were less educated, homeowners, and had more children lived closer to their parents. Also, sons (compared to daughters) lived in closer distance to their parents. Conclusion: Overall, findings suggest that intergenerational residential proximity may primarily be motivated by the childcare needs of married children or parents' needs for assistance with functional impairment. Also, the traditional patrilineal norms of intergenerational support may still be a critical factor in residential decisions as observed in the difference between married sons and daughters in proximity to their parents.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.15 no.8
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• pp.719-725
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• 2006

Since low-floor apartments ate vertically closer to patting lots and roadways, it is hypothesized that residents in low-floor apartments may be exposed to elevated ambient levels of motet vehicle emissions compared to residents in high-floor apartments. The present study examined this hypothesis by measuring two motor vehicle source-related pollutants(CO and PM10) in ambient air of high-rise apartment buildings within the boundary of industrial complexes according to atmospheric stability The ambient air concentrations of CO and PM10 were higher for low-floor apartments than for high-floor apartments, regardless of atmospheric stability, The median concentration ratio of the low-floor air to high-floor alt ranged from 1.3 to 2.0, depending upon atmospheric stabilities, seasons and compounds. Moreover, the CO and PM10 concentrations were significantly higher in the winter and in the summer, regardless of the Hoot height. Atmospheric stability also was suggested to be important for the residents' exposure of high-rise apartment buildings to both CO and PM10. The median ratios of surface inversion air to non-surface inversion air ranged from 1.2 to 1.7 and from 1.0 to 1.6 lot PM10 and CO, respectively, depending upon seasons. Conclusively, these parameters(apartment floor height, season, and atmospheric stability) should be considered when evaluating the exposure of residents, living in high-rise apartment buildings, to CO and PM10. Meanwhile, the median PMl0 outdoor concentrations were close to or higher than the Korean annual standards for PM10, and the maximum PM10 concentrations substantially exceeded the Korean PM10 standard, thus suggesting the need for a management strategy for ambient PM 10. Neither the median nor the maximum outdoor CO concentrations, however, were higher than the Korean CO standard.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Near Infrared Spectroscopy Conference
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• 2001.06a
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• pp.4105-4105
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• 2001

Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) was employed to qualify and quantify on survival, the injury rate and apoptosis of the human breast cancer cell line MCF-7 cells. MCF-7 cells were cultured in RPMI medium supplemented with 10% FCS in a 95% air and 5% CO2 atmosphere at 37$^{\circ}C$. For the viable cells preparation, cells were de-touched by 0.1% of trypsin treatment and washed with RPMI supplemented with 10% FCS medium by centrifugation at 1000 rpm for 3min. For the dead cells preparation, cells were de-touched by a cell scraper. The cells were counted by a hemacytometer, and the viability was estimated by the exclusion method with frypan blue dye. Each viable and dead cells were suspended in PBS (phosphate bufferred saline) or milk at the cell density desired. For the quantitative determination of cell death by measuring the LDH (lactate dehydrogenase) activity liberated from cells with cell membrane injuries, LDH-Cytotoxic Test Wako (Wako, Pure Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Japan) was used. We found that NIRS measurement of MCF-7 cells at the density range could evaluate and monitor the different characteristics of living cells and dead cells. The spectral analysis was performed in two wavelength ranges and with 1,4, 10 mm pathlength. Different spectral data pretreatment and chemometrics methods were used. We applied SIMCA classificator on spectral data of living and dead cells and obtained good accuracy when identifying each class. Bigger variation in the spectra of living cells with different concentrations was observed when compared to the same concentrations of dead cells. PLS was used to measure the number of cells in PBS. The best model for measurement of dead cells, as well as living cells, was developed when raw spectra in the 600-1098 nm region and 4 mm pathlength were used. Smoothing and second derivative spectral data pretreatment gave worst results. The analysis of PLS loading explained this result with the scatter effect found in the raw spectra and increased with the number of cells. Calibration for cell count in the 1100-2500 nm region showed to be very inaccurate.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare Studies
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.355-379
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to reveal the similarity and difference by comparing the quality of life between senior citizen group and disabled people group. For this purpose, I surveyed the questionnaire composed of sociological variable of population, social support, society activity participation, activity of daily living, self-efficacy, and quality of life to 113 senior citizens and 107 disabled people and analyzed the actual proof relationship of cause and effect in between variables. I executed the analysis of structural equation model by using SPSS 14.0 and AMOS 7.0 for the analysis of data. As the result of the study, firstly, the variables highly co-related with the quality of life to both senior citizen group and disabled people group were self-efficacy and society activity participation, and the variables highly co-related with self-efficacy were the quality of life and society activity participation. Secondly, the variables which show the meaningful difference between senior citizen group and disabled people group were society activity participation and activity of daily living. Thirdly, in the senior citizen group, social support, society activity participation, and activity of daily living have meaningful effect on self-efficacy, and all variables have meaningful effect on the quality of life. However, in the disabled people group, social support did not have meaningful effect on self-efficacy, and the social support and self-efficacy did not have meaningful effect on the quality of life. Based upon these study results I discussed the meaning and implications of the study, and suggested the successive study tasks.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.1-9
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• 2010

The purposes of this study were to determine the actual state of indoor environments of solitary elderly houses in the rural district during winter and to analyze the relationship between the influencing factors and indoor physical elements. Field surveys consisted of measurements of physical elements, observations of living factors, and resident's responses in interviews. Field surveys were carried out in 4 houses from $28^{th}$ of February to $2^{nd}$ of March 2008. The elements measured were air temperature, relative humidity, floor temperature, seating-place temperature, CO2 concentration, CO concentration, and illumination. The results showed that the average indoor temperature for houses was $13.5{\sim}22.5^{\circ}C$, relative humidity was 30.6~55.4%, floor temperature was $13.9{\sim}24.0^{\circ}C$, temperature when seated was $27.6{\sim}51.1^{\circ}C$, $CO_2$ concentration was 1434.6~3305.5 ppm, CO concentration was 2.8~8.4 ppm, and illumination was 31.0~96.7 lux. The residents' clothing values were 1.10~1.78 clo. The environment was evaluated as being in an unsuitable state, and it was revealed that the main reason was the lack of heating and ventilation.

• International Journal of High-Rise Buildings
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.85-91
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• 2013

Tall building has some controversial aspects with low carbon city, but it is still a sensible choice for the metropolitan city. This paper aims to develop holistic urban design strategies to minimize impacts on the environment, increase energy efficiency and improve the quality of living in tall building communities by utilizing tall building characteristics. It puts forward the concept of integrated tall building-low carbon community design from the perspective of urban design, and summarizes five core strategies: Temporal state based on energy use, Complementary energy use state based on functions, Spatial state based on regional environment features, Transportation state based on low-carbon lifestyle and Waste utilization state based on tall building characteristics. It also applies the strategies to a practical project. The results show that the proposed urban design strategies are available approaches to mitigate the side effects of tall building on low carbon city.

• Journal of Species Research
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.122-149
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• 2023

Two known species of the family Comesomatidae Filipjev, 1918 were collected from marine sediments of the sublittoral zone in the East Sea, Korea and described and illustrated. Dorylaimopsis variabilis Muthumbi, Soetaert and Vincx, 1997, which was originally described from the Kenyan coast in the Indian Ocean, is recorded from the East Sea, Korea for the first time; there are only slight differences in amphidial fovea turns, body length, body width and relative length of tail. Setosabatieria hilarula (De Man, 1922), Platt, 1985, which was originally described from the North Sea, is recorded from the East Sea, Korea for the first time; there are only slight differences in the number of precloacal supplements, the relative length of tail and the posterior portion of tail. We provide pictorial keys for determination of valid species in the genera Dorylaimopsis Ditlevsen, 1918 and Setosabatieria Platt, 1985. This is the first description of the genus Dorylaimopsis and Setosabatieria from Korean waters.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.570-574
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• 2016

Background Fractional $CO_2$ laser is an effective treatment for scars, but most patients complain about sharp burning pain, even after the application of lidocaine ointment. This study analyzed the impact of a vibrating device to nonpharmacologically reduce the acute pain of laser treatment, in accordance with the gate control theory of pain management. Methods This is a prospective study performed from May 2013 through March 2014. Fifty-three patients (mean age, 26.7 years; range, 16-44 years) who had donated livers for liver transplantation were treated with a fractional $CO_2$ laser (10,600 nm; model $eCO_2$, Lutronic Corp) for their abdomen scars. Laser treatment was applied 4 months after surgery. A commercially available, locally applied vibrating device (model UM-30M, Unix Electronics Co. Ltd.) was used, in an on-and-off pattern, together with the $CO_2$ laser. A visual analogue scale (VAS; 0, no pain; 10, most severe pain) of pain sensation was assessed and statistically analyzed using a paired t-test. Results The average VAS score for pain with the vibrating device was 4.60 and the average VAS score without the vibrating device was 6.11. The average difference between scores was 1.51 (P=0.001). Conclusions A locally applied vibrating device was demonstrated to be effective in reducing pain when treating with a fractional $CO_2$ laser. Vibration treatment could be helpful when treating scars with fractional $CO_2$ laser in pain-sensitive patients, particularly children.

• KSTLE International Journal
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.29-34
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• 2001

The stress field in a body caused by the tangential loading of a rectangular patch on a semi-infinite solid has been solved analytically using a potential function. The validity of the results of this study was preyed by Saint-Venant's principle in the remote region and by the superposition of point loads in the vicinity of the surface.