• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.54-58
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• 2007

The trailers with electronically controlled diesel engine was converted to dual fuel engine system. To estimate economical efficiency, test vehicles have been operated on a certain driving route repeatedly. Fuel economy, mximum driving distance per refueling and driveability are examined on the road including a free way. Developed vehicle can be operated over 500 km with dual Hel and shows 85% of diesel substitution ratio. Driveability is similar with but passing acceleration. It will be improved by calibration process. Test engine was set up for investigating power output, thermal efficiency and emission. ND 13-mode tests were performed for the test cycle. The emission result of dual fuel meets K2006 regulation and the engine performance of dual fuel engine was equivalent to the performance of diesel engine.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.279-285
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• 2012

The co-precipitation technique has been applied to synthesize Biphasic Calcium Phosphate (BCP), Mg-BCP and Si-BCP. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transformed infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy were used to characterize the structure of synthesized BCP, Mg-BCP and Si-BCP powders. The results have shown that BCP and substitution of magnesium and silicon in the calcium deficient apatites revealed the formation of biphasic mixtures of Hydroxyapatite (HAp)/${\beta}$-Tricalcium phosphate (${\beta}$-TCP) ratios after heating at $1000^{\circ}C$. Ionic substituted BCP is able to develop a new apatite phase on the surface in contact with physiological fluids faster than BCP does. An MTT assay indicated that BCP, Mg-BCP, and Si-BCP powders had no cytotoxic effects on MG-63 cells, and that they have good biocompatibility.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 1998.11a
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• pp.25-28
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• 1998

Lithiated cobalt and nickel oxides are becoming very attractive as active cathode materials for secondary lithium ion secondary battery. $LiCoO_2$ is easily synthesized from lithium cobalt salts, but has a relatively high oxidizing potential on charge. LiNiOz is synthesized by a more complex procedure and its nonstoichiometry significantly degraded the charge-discharge characteristics. But $LiNiO_2$ has a lower charge potential which increases the system stability. Lithiated cobalt and nickel oxides are iso-structure which make the preparation of solid solutions of $LiNi_{1-x}Co_xO_2$ for O$LiCoO_2 and LiNiO_2$ electrode. The aim of the presentb paper is to study the electrochemical behaviour, as weU as the possibilities for practical application of layered Iithiated nickel oxide stabilized by $Co^{3+}$ substitution as active cathode materials in lithium ion secondary battery.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2010.06a
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• pp.299-299
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• 2010

In this study, microwave properties with compositions and frequency of the $Ba_3Co_2Fe_{24}O_{41}$ ceramics with Zn substitution for Co were investigated. From the XRD patterns, hexagonal structure of Z-type phase was existed as main phase. Diffraction peaks of Z-type phase were shifted to lower angle by Zn substituted for Co site. The permittivity was increased with Zn additions. In all composition, loss tangent of permittivities were increased with frequency. Permeability and magnetic resonance frequency were increased with Zn additions. Permeability was increased and loss tangent of permeability was decreased rapidly over 600 MHz~800 MHz. The loss tangent of permeability did not changed with composition ratio. In the case of $Ba_3Co_{1.6}Zn_{0.4}Fe_{24}O_{41}$ ceramics sintered at $1250^{\circ}C$ for 3 hours, the permittivity, loss tangent of permittivity, permeability and loss tangent of permeability were 28.277, 0.193, 22.992 and 0.065 at 310 MHz, respectively.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2003.07a
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• pp.569-572
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• 2003

전력선 통신용 LC 공진필터에 사용되는 Ni-Zn 페라이트를 제조하기 위해 Ni0.8Zn0.2Fe2O4를 기본조성으로 선택하고 x (Co mol 비)를 변화시켜 전자기적 특성을 조사하였다. $Bi_2O_3$ CaO가 첨가됨으로써 균일한 입자성장과 입계에 고저항층이 형성되어 주파수 손실이 감소하였으며, $Ni_{0.8-x}Zn_{0.2}Co_xFe_2O_{\delta}$의 기본조성에 Co의 함량을 증가시키면 x = 0.05에서 투자율 75, 공진주파수 20 MHz의 특성을 나타내고 결정 입자 크기와 같은 구조적 특성에는 영향을 거의 미치지 않지만 자기이방성 변화에 따라 전자기적 특성에는 영향을 미친다. 또한, $Ni_{0.75}Zn_{0.2}Co_{0.05}Fe_2O_{4.017}$ 조성의 페라이트 코어의 발열량은 큐리온도 이하에서 일어난다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2003.05a
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• pp.92-95
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• 2003

전력선 통신용 LC 공진필터에 사용되는 Ni-Zn 페라이트를 제조하기 위해 $Ni_{0.8}Zn_{0.2}Fe_{2}O_{4}$를 기본조성으로 첨가제 $Bi_{2}O_{3}$, CaO와 x (co mol 비)를 변화시켜 전자기적 특성을 조사하였다. $Bi_{2}O_{3}$ CaO가 첨가됨으로써 균일한 입자성장과 입계에 고저항층이 형성되어 주파수 손실이 감소하였으며, $Ni_{0.8-x}Zn_{0.2}Co_{x}Fe_{2}O_{\delta}$의 기본조성에 Co의 함량을 증가시키면 x = 0.05에서 투자율 75, 공진주파수 20MHz의 특성을 나타내고 결정 입자 크기와 같은 구조적 특성에는 영향을 거의 미치지 않지만 전자기적 특성에는 영향을 미친다. 또한, $Ni_{0.75}Zn_{0.2}Co_{0.05}Fe_{2}O_{4.017}$ 조성의 페라이트 코어의 발열량은 큐리온도 이하에서 일어난다.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.511-516
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• 1992

The catalytic oxidation of CO on perovskite $Eu_{1-x}Sr_xCoO_{3-y}$, has been investigated at reaction temperatures from 100 to $250^{\circ}C$ under stoichiometric CO and $O_2$ partial pressures. The microstructure and Sr-substitution site of the catalyst were studied by means of infrared spectroscopy. The reaction rates were found to be correlated with 1.5-and 1.0-order kinetics with and without a $CO_2$ trap, respectively; first-and 0.5-order with respect to CO and 0.5-order to $O_2$ with the activation energy of 0.37 eV $mol^{-1}$. It was found from IR, ${\sigma}$ and kinetic data that $O_2$ adsorbs as an ionic species on the oxygen vacancies, while CO adsorbs on the lattice oxygens. The oxidation reaction mechanism is suggested from the agreement between IR, ${\sigma}$ and kinetic data.

• Journal of the Korean Magnetics Society
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.75-78
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• 2008

$AB_2X_4$(A, B=Transition Metal, X=O, S, Se) are cubic spinel normal ferrimagnets, in which M ions occupy the tetrahedral sites and Cr ions occupy the octahedral sites. Recently, they have been investigated for behaviour of B site ions and A-B interaction. Polycrystalline $[Co_{0.9}Zn_{0.1}]_A[Cr_{1.98}{^{57}Fe_{0.02}}]_BO_4$ compound was prepared by wet-chemical process. The ferrimagnetic transition was observed around 90K. $M\"{o}ssbauer$ absorption spectra at 4.2K show that the well-developed two sextets are superposed with small difference in hyperfine fields($H_{hf}$). The hyperfine fields of $CoCr_{1.98}{^{57}Fe_{0.02}}O_4$ and $Co_{0.9}Zn_{0.1}Cr_{1.98}{^{57}Fe_{0.02}}O_4$ were determined to be 488, 478 kOe and 486, 468 kOe, respectively. We notice that the one of the magnetic hyperfine field values changes with Zn ion substitution. These results suggest the incommensurate states and spin-reorientation temperature($T_S=18K$) changes with Zn ions substitution below spin-reorientation temperature($T_S=28K$) of $CoCr_{1.98}{^{57}Fe_{0.02}}O_4$

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.392-397
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• 2012

In the $(La_{0.8}Ca_{0.2})(Cr_{0.9}Co_{0.1})O_3$ (LCCC), which has been using as interconnector materials in SOFC, Al ions were substituted for Co because ionic radius of Al is similar to that of Co. Because of the almost identical ionic radius of Al and Co, the substitution was not thought to be affect the tolerance factor of LCCC, and the densification behavior, high temperature electrical conductivity and thermal expansion coefficient were examined as a function of Al concentration. In the cases of the x= 0 and x= 0.02 in $(La_{0.8}Ca_{0.2})(Cr_{0.9}Co_{0.1-x}Al_x)O_3$ (x= 0~0.1), the samples showed the relative densities above ${\geq}95%$ when those were sintered at ${\geq}1,350^{\circ}C$. In the case of the $x{\geq}0.06$ the sintered density deteriorated greatly at lower sintering temperatures. High temperature electrical conductivity of the samples decreased as the content of Al increased. Since the valence state of Al ion is unchangeable, while Cr or Co ions contribute to the electrical conduction by changing those valence states, Al substitution resulted in the decreased electrical conductivity. Al doping of LCCC was an effective way of decreasing the thermal expansion coefficient (TEC).

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.38 no.10
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• pp.719-725
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• 1994

Kinetic studies were carried out for substitution reaction of $cis-[Co(NH_3)_4Cl(OH_2)]^{2+}(\mu$ = 0.75) with GlyOR (R = $C_2H_5$, $CH_3$, H) in pH 5 buffer solution at $20^{\circ}C$ by UV/Vis-spectrophotometry. We obtained cis-[Co$(NH_3)_4$Cl(glyOR)]$^{2+}$ as product. The reaction turns out to be first order for Co(III) and GlyOR, respectively. The rate constants are obtained as 9.21, 11.66 and 15.33 l${\cdot}\;mol^{-1}{\cdot}sec^{-1}$ for GlyOEt, GlyOMt and GlyOH, respectively. The activation parameters $E_a,\;{\Delta}H^{\neq}\;and\;{\Delta}S^{\neq}$ for GlyOEt were obtained as 65.77, 63.35 kJ/mol and -53.51(e.u.), respectively and were obtained as 70.91, 68.50 kJ/mol and -38.42(e.u.) for GlyOMt. In case of GlyOH, respectable values of 79.72, 77.30 kJ/mol and -26.59(e.u.) were obtained. On the basis of kinetic data and the observed activation parameters, we propose that the proper mechanism involves $S_N$2 step.