• 한국임상약학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.235-241
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• 2010

Bambuterol hydrochloride, dimethylcarbamic acid 5-[2-(1,1-dimethylethyl)amino-1-hydroxyethyl]-1,3-phenylene ester hydrochloride, is the prodrug of active ${\beta}_2$-adrenergic metabolite terbutaline. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the bioequivalence of two bambuterol hydrochloride tablets, $Bambec^{(R)}$ tablet 10 mg (Yuhan Co., Ltd.) and Bambucol tablet 10 mg (Sam Chun Dang Pharm. Co., Ltd.), according to the guidelines of Korea Food and Drug Administration (KFDA). In vitro release of bambuterol from two bambuterol hydrochloride formulations was tested using KP VIII Apparatus II method with various dissolution media. Twenty eight healthy male Korean volunteers, $23.86{\pm}1.65$ years in age and $68.98{\pm}9.58$ kg in body weight, were divided into two groups and a randomized $2{\times}2$ cross-over study was employed. After two tablets containing 10 mg as bambuterol hydrochloride were orally administered, blood samples were taken at predetermined time intervals, and the concentrations of bambuterol in serum were determined using column switching HPLC with UV detector. The dissolution profiles of two formulations were similar in all tested dissolution media. The pharmacokinetic parameters such as $AUC_t$, $C_{max}$ and $T_{max}$ were calculated, and ANOVA test with K-BE Test 2002 was utilized for the statistical analysis of the parameters using logarithmically transformed $AUC_t$, $C_{max}$ and untransformed $T_{max}$. The results showed that the differences between two formulations based on the reference drug, $Bambec^{(R)}$, were -8.10%, -3.82% and 12.65% for $AUC_t$, $C_{max}$ and $T_{max}$, respectively. There were no sequence effects between two formulations in these parameters. The 90% confidence intervals using logarithmically transformed data were within the acceptance range of log 0.8 to log 1.25 (i.e., log 0.8093~log 1.0302 and log 0.8564~log 1.1280 for $AUC_t$ and $C_{max}$, respectively). Thus, the criteria of the KFDA bioequivalence guideline were satisfied, indicating Bambucol tablet 10 mg was bioequivalent to $Bambec^{(R)}$ tablet 10 mg.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.169-177
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to compare the retention of complete cast crown over amalgam ores, composite resin cores, and cast gold cores when cemented with three different luting agents. Eighteen core specimens each of amalgam(Bestaloy, Dong Myung, Seoul, Korea), composite resin (Z100, 3M Dental product, st. Paul, Minn) and type IV gold alloy (Ba-4, Heesung Engelhard Corp., Korea) were made in a customized milling stainless steel die. A wax pattern with a loop attached to occlusal surface was made for each core and a type II gold alloy casting was fabricated. The castings which had clinically acceptable marginal fit were used as test samples. The following luting cements were used to cement cast crowns on each core material : (1) zinc phosphate cement (Confi-dental Products Co., USA) (2) glass-ionomer cement (Fuji Plus, GC Industrial Corp., Tokyo, Japan) (3) resin cement (Panavia 21, Kuraray Co., USA). All cements were mixed according to manufacturers' instructions. A static load of 5kg was then applied for 10 minutes on the crowns. All specimens were stored in saline solution for 24 hours at $37^{\circ}C$ and thermocycled for 500 cycles. After storage and cycling, the tensile bond strengths were measured by using a universal testing machine (Instron Corp., Canton, Mass.) at a crosshead speed of 0.5mm/min. The results were as follows 1. The retentive strength of resin cement was the highest of alt three types of cement for resin core (p<0.05). 2. There was no statistical difference among the retentive strengths of three cements for amalgam core (p>0.05). 3. The retentive strength of resin cement was higher than that of zinc phosphate for cast core, but there was no difference between the retentive strength of glass ionomer cement and those of rein and zinc phosphate cement. 4. The retentive strength of the zinc phosphate cement for amalgam core was the highest of all type of cores.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제41권7호
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• pp.337-342
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• 1997

본 연구에서는 benzo-15-crown-5(B15C5)와 poly(acryloylmethylbenzo-15-crown-5)[poly(AMB15C5)] 화합물을 이온선택성 물질로 이용해서 $Pb^{2+}$를 전위차법으로 정량할 수 있는 탐침형 이온선택성 전극(coated wire-ion-selec-tive electrode[CWISE])을 개발하였다. 각각 감지막의 최적 조성은 B15C5의 경우에는 리간드 20 mg, 가소제인 tris(2-ethylhexyl) ester 165 mg, 지지체인 polyvinylchloride 75 mg 및 용매인 THF 0.7 mL이었으며 poly(AMB15C5) 경우에는 리간드 35 mg, 가소제인 tris(2-ethylhexyl) ester 160 mg, 지지체인 PVC [Polyvinyl Chloride] 70 mg 및 용매인 THF 2 mL이었다. 이 때 코팅용액의 리간드에 대한 무게함량은 각각 7.7%와 13.1%이었다. 각각의 전극은 $10^{-5} M{\sim}10^{-1}$ M 농도 범위에서 기울기가 28{\pm}1$ mV/decade인 직선성이 잘 성립하는 감응을 나타내었다. 또한 전극의 감응시간은 poly(AMB15C5) 경우에는 5분 이내였으며 B15C5의 경우에는 3분이내로 비교적 빠른 편이었다. 전극의 안정성은 크라운 에테르의 물에 대한 용해도 때문에 좋은 편은 아니었다. 최적 pH 조건은 pH 3~6이었으며 $Mg^{2+},\; Ca^{2+},\; Co^{2+},\; Ni^{2+},\; Cu^{2+},\; Zn^{2+}$ 및 $Cd^{2+}$는 방해가 거의 없었으나 $Na^+$와 $K^+$는 방해효과가 컸다. 그리고 본 연구에서 제조한 탐침형 이온선택성 전극을 이용하여 $Pb^{2+}$ 이온을 전위차 적정법으로 정량분석해 보았을 때 이론적인 당량점과 종말점이 잘 일키하는 결과를 얻었다.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.163-169
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• 1995

In the experiment I for maas production of bovine early embryos, 18~20hpi fertilized eggs (756 eggs) and parthenogenic eggs (618 eggs) which were treated by 10% ethanol were cultured in both TGM and CZB. In the experiment II, suppiment effects each in CZB and CRlaa were tested by matured and fertilized oocytes which were after 18~20hpi. In the case of experiment I after 48hr, the cleavage rates of normally fertilized eggs were 66.6% in TCM treatment and 77.7% in CZB treatment, and after 240h the blastocysts were 7.5% in TCM and 14.1% in CZB. In the parthenogenic eggs, the deavage rates at 48hr were 39.6% in TCM and 57.5% in CZB, and at 240h, the blastocysts were 0.9% in TCM and 4.4% in CZB. These results showed that the effects of CZB on developmental ability to parthenogenic eggs as well as nomally fertilized eggs are relatively high. In experiment W, the effect of exposing the cleaved embryos to CZB for 30h on the blastocyst formation was examined. Similar rates of blastocyst formation were obtained both in TCM and CZB, suggesting that CZB exposure. during ealry development is critical. In experiments III ~ V, the effects of supplements were examined. The cleavage rates of CZB treatments at 48h were 83.8% in control, 78.1% in BSA+A.A+SIT, 75% in 5% FCS+A. A+SIT, 88.6% in BSA+A.A+SIT and not co-cultured BSA+A.A+SIT had 85.7% and in the case of 240h blastocysts showed 22.6, 0.0, fl.1, 6.5 and 0%, respectively. As a result, this study showed that CZB was effective culture system for in vitro development, and that CZB and CR$_1$aa had no significant differences and effects between them. It may be concluded that in the simple media containing supplements could replace the co-culture systems of bovine early embryo development.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제43권6호
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• pp.509-515
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• 2017

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to assess the indoor levels of $PM_{10}$, VOCs and aldehydes in nail shop and hair salon. Methods: The field survey was conducted for 52 hair salons 52 nail shops, and 26 shop-in-shops in Seoul and Daegu city. The field technicians investigated characteristics of each shop including operating time, indoor volume, ventilation and so on. Indoor concentrations of $PM_{10}$, VOCs and aldehydes, indoor temperature and humidity were measured in 12 hair salons, 12 nail shops and 6 shop-in shops. MP Surveryor II (Graywolf, USA) was used to measure $CO_2$ concentration, temperature and humidity for 8 hours. $PM_{10}$ concentrations were measured by minivolume air sampler with Teflon quartz filter ($0.2{\mu}m$ pore size, ${\varphi}$ 47 mm, Graseby-Anderson TEF-DISKTM) for 6 hours. VOCs passive sampler (OVM 3500) was used to collect VOCs for 8 hours and analyzed by GC/MSD. Results: The $CO_2$ concentrations were $759.4{\pm}58.2$ ppm in nail shops, $731.0{\pm}72.5$ ppm in hair salons, and $656.4{\pm}31.2$ ppm in shop-in-shops. The $PM_{10}$ concentrations were $27.5{\pm}14.2{\mu}g/m^3$ in nail shops, $33.1{\pm}6.3{\mu}g/m^3$ in hair salons, and $39.0{\pm}26.9{\mu}g/m^3$ in shop-in-shops. TVOCs concentrations were $3085.4{\pm}1667.8{\mu}g/m^3$ in nail shops, $2131.1{\pm}617.3{\mu}g/m^3$ in hair salons, and $1550.3{\pm}529.0{\mu}g/m^3$ in shop-in-shops. TVOCs concentrations in nail shops were significantly higher than those in hair salons and shop-in-shops (p=0.002). Formaldehyde concentrations were $60.8{\pm}36.6{\mu}g/m^3$ in nail shops, $89.1{\pm}55.4{\mu}g/m^3$ in hair salons, and $45.1{\pm}22.5{\mu}g/m^3$ in shop-in-shops. Conclusion: TVOCs concentrations in nail shop were the highest among others. TVOC concentrations in all stores exceeded indoor air quality stand of indoor air quality control in public-use facilities, etc act.

• 구강회복응용과학지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.389-403
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• 2010

이전부터 사용된 티타늄, 금합금 지대주 및 최근 사용이 급증한 지르코니아 지대주와 임플란트의 계면에 대한 비교 연구와 동적하중이 계면에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구가 많지 않은 실정이다. 본 연구에서 지대주 종류와 동적 하중에 따른 미세간극의 차이를 주사전자현미경 분석을 통하여 비교평가 하였다. USII ${\phi}3.75{\times}11.5mm$ (Osstem Co., Seoul, Korea) 티타늄 임플란트에 티타늄 지대주, 지르코니아 지대주, 주조 금합금 (UCLA plastic) 지대주를 각 군당 7개씩, 30Ncm의 조임회전력으로 연결하였다. 25-250N의 sine형 동적하중을 장축 방향에서 $30^{\circ}$ 경사로 $10^5$회 시행하였다. 하중 전후에 계면의 미세간극을 순측, 구개측, 근심측, 원심측 부위에서 측정하였고, 그 결과 동적 하중으로 인한 통계적 유의성은 없었다. 지대주 종류에 따른 미세간극을 비교한 결과, 동적하중 시행 전후 모두 UCLA 군과 티타늄 군, UCLA 군과 지르코니아 군 사이에 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보였다(p<0.05). 티타늄 군과 지르코니아 군 사이에는 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. UCLA 지대주는 정밀 연삭된 티타늄, 지르코니아 지대주 보다 더 큰 미세간극을 보였고 $10^5$회 동적하중은 미세간극에 영향을 미치지 않았다.

• ALGAE
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.199-222
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• 2017

Occurrence of Cochlodinium polykrikoides red tides have resulted in considerable economic losses in the aquaculture industry in many countries, and thus predicting the process of C. polykrikoides red tides is a critical step toward minimizing those losses. Models predicting red tide dynamics define mortality due to predation as one of the most important parameters. To investigate the roles of heterotrophic protists in red tide dynamics in the South Sea of Korea, the abundances of heterotrophic dinoflagellates (HTDs), tintinnid ciliates (TCs), and naked ciliates (NCs) were measured over one- or two-week intervals from May to Nov 2014. In addition, the grazing impacts of dominant heterotrophic protists on each red tide species were estimated by combining field data on red tide species abundances and dominant heterotrophic protist grazers with data obtained from the literature concerning ingestion rates of the grazers on red tide species. The abundances of HTDs, TCs, and NCs over the course of this study were high during or after red tides, with maximum abundances of 82, 49, and $35cells\;mL^{-1}$, respectively. In general, the dominant heterotrophic protists differed when different species caused red tides. The HTDs Polykrikos spp. and NCs were abundant during or after C. polykrikoides red tides. The mean and maximum calculated grazing coefficients of Polykrikos spp. and NCs on populations of co-occurring C. polykrikoides were $1.63d^{-1}$ and $12.92d^{-1}$, respectively. Moreover, during or after red tides dominated by the phototrophic dinoflagellates Prorocentrum donghaiense, Ceratium furca, and Alexandrium fraterculus, which formed serial red tides prior to the occurrence of C. polykrikoides red tides, the HTDs Gyrodinium spp., Polykrikos spp., and Gyrodinium spp., respectively were abundant. The maximum calculated grazing coefficients attributable to dominant heterotrophic protists on co-occurring P. donghaiense, C. furca, and A. fraterculus were 13.12, 4.13, and $2.00d^{-1}$, respectively. Thus, heterotrophic protists may sometimes have considerable potential grazing impacts on populations of these four red tide species in the study area.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제45권4호
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• pp.307-316
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• 2012

This study evaluated the possible use of white muscle from cooked skipjack tuna as a constituent of diet foods. White muscles from the belly and dorsal area of cooked skipjack tuna were identified as anterior, median, and posterior. The skipjack tuna white muscle contained more moisture and ash (except for part I in both the belly and dorsal muscles) than chicken muscle, while it had less crude protein and crude lipid (except for part II in belly muscle). The yield was the highest in part I of both the dorsal and belly parts among the various parts of white muscles. The skipjack tuna white muscle contained 14-18% fewer calories than chicken breast muscle. Part I from both the belly and dorsal muscles had higher total amino acid contents than the other parts, but lower contents than chicken breast muscle. White muscle of skipjack tuna was rich in minerals, such as phosphorus, iron, and zinc. The total free amino acid content of part I in the belly and dorsal muscles was 1,152.1 and 1,215.7 mg/100 g, respectively, and was 1.7-1.8 times higher than in chicken breast muscle. The major amino acids in the white muscles from skipjack tuna were taurine, histidine, anserine, and carnosine. Based on these results, if it is possible to mask the fish odor, all parts of the white muscle from skipjack tuna could be used as constituents of diet foods.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.67-73
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• 2006

Lornoxicam is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug that decreases prostaglandin synthesis by inhibiting cyclooxygenase. It has analgesic, antipyretic and antiinflammatory effects. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the bioequivalence of two lornoxicam tablets, $Xefo^{\circledR}$ (Hyundai Pharmaceutical Ind. Co., Ltd.) and Lornocam (Samchundang Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.), according to the guidelines of the Korea Food and Drug Administration (KFDA). The release of lornoxicam from the two lornoxicam formulations in vitro was tested using KP VIII Apparatus II method with various dissolution media (pH 1.2, 4.0, 6.8 buffer solution and water). Twenty eight healthy male subjects, $24.39{\pm}1.95$ years in age and $68.63{\pm}7.25$ kg in body weight, were divided into two groups and a randomized $2\;{\time}\;2$ cross-over study was employed. After a single tablet containing 4 mg as lornoxicam was orally administered, blood samples were taken at predetermined time intervals and the concentrations of lornoxicam in serum were determined using HPLC with UV detector. The dissolution profiles of two formulations were similar in all tested dissolution media. The pharmacokinetic parameters such as $AUC_t,\;C_{max}\;and\;T_{max}$ were calculated and ANOVA test was utilized for the statistical analysis of the parameters using logarithmically transformed $AUC_t,\;C_{max}$ and untransformed $T_{max}$. The results showed that the differences between two formulations based on the reference drug, $Xefo^{\circledR},$ were -1.56%, 2.16% and -17.12% for $AUC_t,\;C_{max}\;and\;T_{max},$ respectively. There were no sequence effects between two formulations in these parameters. The 90% confidence intervals using logarithmically transformed data were within the acceptance range of log 0.8 to log 1.25 (e.g., $log\;0.90{\sim}log\;1.05$ and $log\; 0.88{\sim}log\;1.17$ for $AUC_t\;and\;C_{max},$ respectively). Thus, the criteria of the KFDA bioequivalence guideline were satisfied, indicating Lornocam tablet was bioequivalent to $Xefo^{\circledR}$ tablet.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제50권2호
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• pp.213-217
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• 2007

Pompe 병(Glycogen storage disease type II)은 acid ${\alpha}$-glucosidase (GAA)의 결손에 의한 질환이며 열성으로 유전한다. 전신적인 근육약화와 비후성 심근병이 생긴 후 대개 1년 안에 사망하게 되는 영아기 발병형과 상대적으로 임상양상이 경한 후기 발병형이 있다. Pompe 병의 국내 보고는 드문 상태이나 최근 GAA 효소 보충 요법이 개발되어 임상적으로 시도 중이다. 저자들은 발병은 영아기에 있으나 비교적 임상증상이 심하지 않은 비전형적 영아형 Pompe 병을 진단받고 심한 간비대와 비후성 심근병증, 보행곤란의 증상을 보이던 4세 남아에게 재조합 인간 GAA 효소($Myozyme^{(R)}$, Genzyme Co., MA, USA) 치료를 하여 운동능력과 심기능의 현저한 호전을 경험하였기에 보고한다. 비전형적 영아형 Pompe 병에서는 ERT의 효과가 더욱 큰 것으로 생각되며 소아과의사들이 비전형적 Pompe 병 초기의 특징인 비음이나 동요성 보행같은 증상을 이해하고 있어 이를 빨리 진단하고 효소보충요법을 조기에 시행한다면 Pompe 병 환아의 예후를 호전시킬 수 있겠다.