• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.13-27
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• 2019

Numerical taxonomy is employed to determine the phenetic proximity of the Egyptian taxa belonging to the genus Ononis L. A classical clustering analysis and a principal component analysis (PCA) were used to separate 57 macro- and micromorphological characters in order to circumscribe 11 taxa of Ononis. A clustering analysis using the unweighted pair-group method with the arithmetic means (UPGMA) method gives the highest co-phenetic correlation. Results from clustering and PCA revealed the segregation of five groups. Our results are in line, to some certain degree, with the traditional sub-sectional concept, as can be seen in the grouping of the representative members of the subsections Diffusae and Mittisimae together and the representative members of the subsections Viscosae and Natrix. The phenetic uniqueness of Ononis variegata and O. reclinata subsp. mollis was formally established. However, our findings contradict the classic sectional concept; this opinion was suggested earlier in previous phylogenetic circumscriptions of the genus. The most useful characters that provide taxonomic clarity were discussed.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.23 no.8
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• pp.121-136
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• 2023

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) have many potential applications and unique challenges. Some problems of WSNs are: severe resources' constraints, low reliability and fault tolerant, low throughput, low scalability, low Quality of Service (QoS) and insecure operational environments. One significant solution against mentioned problems is hierarchical and clustering-based multipath routing. But, existent algorithms have many weaknesses such as: high overhead, security vulnerabilities, address-centric, low-scalability, permanent usage of optimal paths and severe resources' consumption. As a result, this paper is proposed an energy-aware, congestion-aware, location-based, data-centric, scalable, hierarchical and clustering-based multipath routing algorithm based on Numerical Taxonomy technique for homogenous WSNs. Finally, performance of the proposed algorithm has been compared with performance of LEACH routing algorithm; results of simulations and statistical-mathematical analysis are showing the proposed algorithm has been improved in terms of parameters like balanced resources' consumption such as energy and bandwidth, throughput, reliability and fault tolerant, accuracy, QoS such as average rate of packet delivery and WSNs' lifetime.

• The Journal of Information Systems
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.167-181
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• 2010

Although This study was designed to evaluate internet communities based on knowledge creation and learning. To do so, we created and tested our research model, by using selected 20 different knowledge communities. Using the K-Means Clustering techniques, we found different characteristics and evaluated these characteristics by the criterion. The results of discriminant analysis suggested 4 different models such as 'Search Engine,' 'Open Communities,' 'Specialty Communities,' and 'Activity Communities.' The results of this study indicated that it can cover some reasons for development process of knowledge communities and that it can also create a strategic framework for practical use of knowledge communities.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.153-162
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• 2018

Lespedeza maximowiczii C. K. Schneid. (Fabaceae) is a deciduous shrub which is known to be distributed in the temperate forests of China, Korea and on Tsushima Island of Japan. Due to severe morphological variations within species, numerous examinations have been conducted for Korean L. maximowiczii. However, the morphology of Chinese plants has not been studied as thoroughly, despite doubts about their taxonomy. To clarify this taxonomic issue, we investigated morphological characters and undertook a Bayesian clustering analysis with microsatellite markers. The morphological and genetic traits of Chinese individuals varied considerably from those of typical L. maximowiczii growing in Korea. For example, petals of the former had a different shape and bore long claws, while the calyx lobes were diverged above the middle and the upper surface of the leaflet was pubescent. Their terete buds and spirally arranged bud scales were distinct from those within the series/section Heterolespedeza, which includes L. maximowiczii. Our Bayesian clustering analysis additionally included L. buergeri as an outgroup. Those results indicated that the Chinese samples clustered into a lineage separated from L. maximowiczii (optimum cluster, K = 2), despite the fact that the latter is grouped into the same lineage with L. buergeri. Therefore, we treat those Chinese plants as a new species with the name L. pseudomaximowiczii.

• Journal of the Korea Computer Industry Society
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.479-490
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• 2003

CBD is a software development approach based on reusable component and supports easy modification and evolution of software. For the success of this approach, a component must be developed with high cohesion and low coupling. In this paper, we propose the two types of clustering analysis technique based on affinity between use-cases and classes and propose component identification method applying to this technique. We also propose component reference model and CBD methodology framework and perform a ease study to demonstrate how the affinity-based clustering technique is used in component identification method. Component identification method contains three tasks such as component extraction, component specification and component architecting. This method uses object-oriented concept for identifying component, which improves traceability from analysis to implementation and can automatically extract component. This method reflects the low coupling-high cohesion principle for good modularization about reusable component.

• ALGAE
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.65-70
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• 2010

The genus Chaetoceros provides highly diversified diatoms in marine systems. Morphological descriptions of the genus are well-documented, yet the DNA taxonomy of Chaetoceros has not been satisfactorily established. Here, the molecular divergences of the 18S-28S rDNA of Chaetoceros were assessed. DNA similarities were relatively low in both 18S (93.1 $\pm$ 3.9%) and 28S rDNA (81.0 $\pm$ 4.6%). Phylogenies of the 18S, 28S rDNAs showed that Chaetoceros was divided according to individual species, clustering the same species into single clades. Statistical analysis with corrected genetic (p-) distance scores showed that nucleotide divergence of Chaetoceros 28S rDNA significantly differed from that of 18S rDNA (Student's t-test, p < 0.05). This finding suggests that the 28S rDNA may be treated as a more suitable marker for species-level taxonomic distinctions of Chaetoceros.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.109-118
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• 2002

The present work is aimed at providing additional new pure cultures of oxalate utilizing bacteria and its preliminary characterization for further work in the field of oxalate-metabolism and taxonomic studies. The taxonomy of 14 mesophilic, aerobic oxalotrophic bacteria isolated by an enrichment culture technique from soils rhizosphers, and the juice of the petiole/stem tissue of plants was investigated. Isolates were characterized with 95 morphological, biochemical and physiological tests. Cellular lipid components and carotenoids of isolates were also studied as an aid to taxonomic characterization. All isolates were Gram-negative, oxidase and catalase positive and no growth factors were required. In addition to oxalates, some of the strains grow on methanol and/or formate. The taxonomic similarities among isolates, reference strains or previously reported oxalotrophic bacteria were analysed by using the Simple Matching (S/ sub SM/) and Jaccard (S$\_$J/) Coefficients. Clustering was performed by using the unweighted pair group method with arithmetic averages (UPGMA) algorithm. The oxalotrophic strains formed five major and two single-member clusters at the 70-86% similarity level. Based on the numerical taxonomy, isolates were separated into three phenotypic groups. Pink-pigmented strains belonged to Methylobacterium extorquens, yellow-pigmented strains were most similar to Pseudomonas sp. YOx and Xanthobacter autorophicus, and heterogeneous non-pigmented strains were closely related to genera Azospirillum, Ancylobacter, Burkholderia and Pseudomonas. New strains belonged to the genera Pseudomonas, Azospirillum and Ancylobacter that differ taxonomically from other known oxalate oxidizers were obtained. Numerical analysis indicated that some strains of the yellow-pigmented and nonpigmented clusters might represent new species.

• Proceedings of the Technology Innovation Conference
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• 1998.06a
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• pp.208-215
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• 1998

Since the advent of conceptual prototype and seminal application, the notion of national systems of innovation(NSI) has drawn an increasing recognition. Although the morphological entanglement is still ubiquitous and the theoretical underpinning is fragile, NSI seems to be the last step toward an increasingly complex and encompassing concept of innovation research. Inevitably, NSI necessitates the comparative analysis in that it normatively attempts to draw best practices. Unfortunately, national profiles are too complex and diverse to derive a unified, concrete representation of the system, posing the problem of defining and modelling NSI for international comparison. This paper aims at providing an inductive taxonomy of NSI based on R&D structure of OECD member economies. Based on the similarity among national profiles, clustering method was applied to identify seven clusters such as (1) enterprise-government funding and enterprise-education performing group, (2) enterprise-government funding and balanced performing group, (3) balanced funding and enterprise-education performing group, (4) balanced funding and performing group, (5) enterprise-dominating group, (6) government-education dominating group and (7) government-education funding and education performing group. This paper by nature is descriptive and exploratory. R&D structure represents a static snapshot of innovative performance since it accounts for only the input side of NSI and thus may not offer convincing explanations of the holistic innovation system. A more detailed and extensive analysis on the economic/technological performance across clusters will shed light on the promising avenue to future research.

• The Journal of Society for e-Business Studies
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.15-40
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• 2020

Due to the explosive growth of mobile application services, categorizing mobile application services is in need in practice from both customers' and developers' perspectives. Despite the fact, however, there have been limited studies regarding systematic categorization of mobile application services. In response, this study proposed a method for categorizing mobile application services, and suggested a service taxonomy based on the network clustering results. Total of 1,607 mobile healthcare services are collected through the Google Play store. The network analysis is conducted based on the similarity of descriptions in each application service. Modularity detection analysis is conducted to detects communities in the network, and service taxonomy is derived based on each cluster. This study is expected to provide a systematic approach to the service categorization, which is helpful to both customers who want to navigate mobile application service in a systematic manner and developers who desire to analyze the trend of mobile application services.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.55-66
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• 1991

A numerical taxonomy was studied on a group of heterophyid trematodes and analysis was made on the following species: Metagonimus yokogawai (3 OTU, Operational Taxonomic Unit) , Metagcnimus Miyata Type (3 OTU), Metagonimus takahashii (2 OTU), Heterophyes dispar (2 OTU), Heterephyes heterophyes (1 OTU), Heterophyes nocens (2 OTV), Heterophyopsis continua (1 OTU), Pygidiopsis summa (3 OTU), Stellantchasmus falcatus (2 OTU) and Stictodora sari (2 OTU). Twenty-six morphological characters were measured and their values were expressed as relative ratios. Similarity and correlation matrix among each individuals were calculated. Clustering analysis by Ward's method and factor analysis were performed using the SAS (Statistical Analysis System) package. As a results, the groups belonging to the genus of Metegenimus were divided into three phonons (Awetegonimus yokogawai, Metegcnimus Miyata Type, M. takahashii) , and Metagonimus Miyata Type was classified as the level of subspecies of M. takahashii. The groups belonging to the genus Heterophyes were clearly divided into three phonons (Heterophyes dispar, H. heterephyes, H. nocens), and H. nccens was classified as not a subspecies level of H. heterophyes but a distinct species. Other species were classified as distinct phonons. From these results, the appllcr lion of numerical taxonomy on trematode classification is considered to be a great aid to determine the limit of taxa.