• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.39B no.11
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• pp.763-770
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• 2014

In traditional routing protocols including LEACH for wireless sensor networks, nodes suffer from unbalanced energy consumption because the nodes require large transmission energy as the distance to the sink node increase. Multi-hop based routing protocols have been studied to address this problem. In existing protocols, each cluster head usually chooses the closest head as a relay node. We propose LEACH-CHT, in which cluster heads choose the path with least energy consumption to send data to the sink node. In our research, each hop, a cluster head selects the least cost path to the sink node. This method solves the looping problem efficiently as well as make it possible that a cluster head excludes other cluster heads placed farther than its location from the path, without additional energy consumption. By balancing the energy consumption among the nodes, our proposed scheme outperforms existing multi-hop schemes by up to 36% in terms of average network lifetime.

• Journal of the Institute of Convergence Signal Processing
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.38-43
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• 2011

Cluster-based routing is high energy consumption of cluster head nodes. A recent approach to resolving the problem is the dynamic cluster technique that periodically re-selects cluster head nodes to distribute energy consumption of the sensor nodes. However, the dynamic clustering technique has a problem that repetitive construction of clustering consumes the more energies. This paper proposes a solution to the problems described above from the energy efficiency perspective. The round-robin cluster header(RRCH) technique, which fixes the initially structured cluster and sequentially selects cluster head nodes, is suggested for solving the energy consumption problem regarding repetitive cluster construction. A simulation result were compared with the performances of two of the most widely used conventional techniques, the LEACH(Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy) and HEED(Hybrid, Energy Efficient, Distributed Clustering) algorithms, based on energy consumption, remaining energy for each node and uniform distribution. The evaluation confirmed that in terms of energy consumption, the technique proposed in this paper was 26.5% and 20% more efficient than LEACH and HEED, respectively.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.1-5
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• 2014

Sensor nodes depend on batteries for energy source in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy (LEACH) is a representative cluster-based routing protocol designed to ensure energy use efficiency whereas the virtual cluster exchange routing (VCR) information only with its closest node to build a network. In this paper, a protocol scheme was proposed wherein member nodes are designed to compare the currently sensed data with the previously sensed one and to switch to sleep mode when a match is achieved. The design is to help improve the transmission energy efficiency too.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.10 no.12
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• pp.1645-1654
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• 2007

In this paper, we study the problem of load balancing routing in clustered-based wireless mesh network in order to enhance the overall network throughput. We first address the problems of cluster allocation in wireless mesh network to achieve load-balancing state. Due to the complexity of the problem, we proposed a simplified algorithm using gradient load-balancing model. This method searches for a localized optimal solution of cluster allocation instead of solving the optimal solution for overall network. To support for load-balancing algorithm and reduce complexity of topology control, we also introduce limited broadcasting between two clusters. This mechanism maintain shortest path between two nodes in adjacent clusters while minimizing the topology broadcasting complexity. The simulation experiments demonstrate that our proposed model achieve performance improvement in terms of network throughput in comparison with other clustering methods.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2004.04a
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• pp.508-510
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• 2004

센서 네트워크는 관심이 있는 현상을 관찰하기 위해서 관찰지역 내에 뿌려진 센서 노드들로 구성된다. 센서 네트워크를 구성하는 각 센서 노드들의 수명은 전체 센서 네트워크 수명에 많은 영양을 준다. 하나의 센서 노드가 수명을 다 했을 때 이는 센서 네트워크의 분할을 가져 올 수도 있다. 그러므로 모든 센서 노드들이 공평하게 다 같이 오래 사는 것이 전체 센서 네트워크의 수명을 연장하는 것이다. 이 논문에서 우리는 클러스터 기반의 에너지 효율적인 라우팅 프로토콜(Cluster-eased Power-Efficient Routing Protocol CBPER)을 제안하였다. 제안된 프로토콜은 여러 개의 유동성 싱크 노드를 가진 센서 네트워크에서 에너지 효율적인 데이터 전송을 지원하며 효율적인 라우팅을 위해서 각 센서 노드의 위치정보를 기반으로 만든 그리드 구조를 이용한다. 제안된 프로토콜의 성능을 평가하기 위해서 두 계층 데이터 전송 라우팅 (Two-Tier Data Dissemination Routing： TTDD) 프로토콜과 비교를 하였다. 실험결과는 CBPER 프로토콜이 TTDD 라우팅 프로토콜 보다 좀 더 에너지 효율적이라는 결과를 보여 준다.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.61-69
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• 2009

Most existing clustering protocols have been aimed to provide balancing the residual energy of each node and maximizing life-time of wireless sensor networks. In this paper, we present the threshold based cluster head replacement strategy for clustering protocols in wireless sensor networks. This protocol minimizes the number of cluster head selection by preventing the cluster head replacement up to the threshold of residual energy. Reducing the amount of head selection and replacement cost, the life-time of the entire networks can be extended compared with the existing clustering protocols. Our simulation results show that our protocol outperformed than LEACH in terms of balancing energy consumption and network life-time.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.1237-1255
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• 2014

In wireless sensor networks (WSNs), hierarchical clustering is an efficient approach for lower energy consumption and extended network lifetime. In cluster-based multi-hop communications, a cluster head (CH) closer to the sink is loaded heavier than those CHs farther away from the sink. In order to balance the energy consumption among CHs, we development a novel cluster-based routing protocol for corona-structured wireless sensor networks. Based on the relaying traffic of each CH conveys, adequate radius for each corona can be determined through nearly balanced energy depletion analysis, which leads to balanced energy consumption among CHs. Simulation results demonstrate that our clustering approach effectively improves the network lifetime, residual energy and reduces the number of CH rotations in comparison with the MLCRA protocols.

• Journal of information and communication convergence engineering
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.209-214
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• 2007

In this paper, we proposed a new MANET (Mobile Ad hoc Networks) technology of routing protocol. The MANET has a mobility formation of mobile nodes in the wireless networks. Wireless network have two types architecture: the Tree based multicast and shared tree based. The two kind's architecture of general wireless networks have difficult to solve the problems existing in the network, such as connectivity, safety, and reliability. For this purpose, as using that ADDMRP (Ad hoc network Doppler effect-based for Dynamic Multicast Routing Protocol), this study gives the following suggestion for new topology through network durability and Omni-directional information. The proposed architectures have considered the mobility location, mobility time, density, velocity and simultaneous using node by Doppler effects and improved the performance.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.1419-1436
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• 2020

For an energy harvesting sensor network, when the network lifetime is not the only primary goal, maximizing the network performance under environmental energy harvesting becomes a more critical issue. However, clustering protocols that aim at providing maximum information throughput have not been thoroughly explored in Energy Harvesting Wireless Sensor Networks (EH-WSNs). In this paper, clustering protocols are studied for maximizing the data transmission in the whole network. Based on a long short-term memory (LSTM) energy predictor and node energy consumption and supplement models, an uneven clustering protocol is proposed where the cluster head selection and cluster size control are thoroughly designed for this purpose. Simulations and results verify that the proposed scheme can outperform some classic schemes by having more data packets received by the cluster heads (CHs) and the base station (BS) under these energy constraints. The outcomes of this paper also provide some insights for choosing clustering routing protocols in EH-WSNs, by exploiting the factors such as uneven clustering size, number of clusters, multiple CHs, multihop routing strategy, and energy supplementing period.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.33 no.3B
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• pp.123-134
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• 2008

In this paper, a routing algorithm for wireless sensor networks is proposed to improve the efficiency of energy consumption in sensor nodes. Each sensor node has the value called ‘Flooding Level’ obtained through the initial flooding from a sink node instead of sending beacon messages in multi-hop sensor field. This value can be used for guaranteeing the sensor nodes to connect with a sink node and determining the roles of cluster-head and cluster-gateway node efficiently and simply during the clustering. If different algorithms are added to our protocol, it will work better in the side of energyefficiency. This algorithm is evaluated through analysis and extensive simulations.