• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.911-923
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• 2010

In wireless sensor networks (WSNs), cluster based data routing protocols have the advantages of reducing energy consumption and link maintenance cost. Unfortunately, most of clustering protocols have been designed for uniformly distributed sensor networks. However, some urgent situations do not allow thousands of sensor nodes being deployed uniformly. For example, air vehicles or balloons may take the responsibility for deploying sensor nodes hence leading a normally distributed topology. In order to improve energy efficiency in such sensor networks, in this paper, we propose a new cluster formation algorithm named DAEEC (Density Aware Energy-Efficient Clustering). In this algorithm, we define two kinds of clusters: Low Density (LD) clusters and High Density (HD) clusters. They are determined by the number of nodes participated in one cluster. During the data routing period, the HD clusters help the neighbor LD clusters to forward the sensed data to the central base station. Thus, DAEEC can distribute the energy dissipation evenly among all sensor nodes by considering the deployment density to improve network lifetime and average energy savings. Moreover, because the HD clusters are densely deployed they can work in a manner of our former algorithm EEVAR (Energy Efficient Variable Area Routing Protocol) to save energy. According to the performance analysis result, DAEEC outperforms the conventional data routing schemes in terms of energy consumption and network lifetime.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.24-37
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• 2016

This paper proposes to increase the efficiency of energy in nodes, which rapidly drops during the transmission of the Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy (LEACH), through the use of dual-hop layered application in the sensor field. Along with introducing the dual-hop method in the data transmission, the proposed single-hop method for short-range transmission and multi-hop transmission method between the cluster heads for remote transmission were also introduced. Additionally, by introducing a partial multi-hop method in the data transmission, a single-hop method for short range transmission method between the cluster heads for remote transmission was used. In the proposed DL-LEACH, the energy consumption of the cluster head for remote transmission reduced, as well as increased the energy efficiency of the sensor node by reducing the transmission distance and simplifying the transmission route for short-range transmission. As compared the general LEACH, it was adapted to a wider sensor field.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.922-931
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• 2012

With the increasing demands for mobile wireless sensor networks in recent years, designing an energy-efficient clustering and routing protocol has become very important. This paper provides an analytical model to evaluate the power consumption of a mobile sensor node. Based on this, a clustering algorithm is designed to optimize the energy efficiency during cluster head formation. A genetic algorithm technique is employed to find the near-optimal threshold for residual energy below which a node has to give up its role of being the cluster head. This clustering algorithm along with a hybrid routing concept is applied as the near-optimal energy-efficient routing technique to increase the overall efficiency of the network. Compared to the mobile low energy adaptive clustering hierarchy protocol, the simulation studies reveal that the energy-efficient routing technique produces a longer network lifetime and achieves better energy efficiency.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.1-5
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• 2014

Sensor nodes depend on batteries for energy source in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy (LEACH) is a representative cluster-based routing protocol designed to ensure energy use efficiency whereas the virtual cluster exchange routing (VCR) information only with its closest node to build a network. In this paper, a protocol scheme was proposed wherein member nodes are designed to compare the currently sensed data with the previously sensed one and to switch to sleep mode when a match is achieved. The design is to help improve the transmission energy efficiency too.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.10 no.9
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• pp.4272-4286
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• 2016

In resource constrained sensor networks, usage of efficient routing protocols can have significant impact on energy dissipation. To save energy, we propose an energy efficient routing protocol. In our approach, which integrates clustering and routing in sensor networks, we perform network coding during data routing in order to achieve additional power savings in the cluster head nodes. Efficacy of the proposed method in terms of the throughput and end-to-end delay is demonstrated through simulation results. Significant network lifetime is also achieved as compared with other techniques.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2004.04a
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• pp.508-510
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• 2004

센서 네트워크는 관심이 있는 현상을 관찰하기 위해서 관찰지역 내에 뿌려진 센서 노드들로 구성된다. 센서 네트워크를 구성하는 각 센서 노드들의 수명은 전체 센서 네트워크 수명에 많은 영양을 준다. 하나의 센서 노드가 수명을 다 했을 때 이는 센서 네트워크의 분할을 가져 올 수도 있다. 그러므로 모든 센서 노드들이 공평하게 다 같이 오래 사는 것이 전체 센서 네트워크의 수명을 연장하는 것이다. 이 논문에서 우리는 클러스터 기반의 에너지 효율적인 라우팅 프로토콜(Cluster-eased Power-Efficient Routing Protocol CBPER)을 제안하였다. 제안된 프로토콜은 여러 개의 유동성 싱크 노드를 가진 센서 네트워크에서 에너지 효율적인 데이터 전송을 지원하며 효율적인 라우팅을 위해서 각 센서 노드의 위치정보를 기반으로 만든 그리드 구조를 이용한다. 제안된 프로토콜의 성능을 평가하기 위해서 두 계층 데이터 전송 라우팅 (Two-Tier Data Dissemination Routing： TTDD) 프로토콜과 비교를 하였다. 실험결과는 CBPER 프로토콜이 TTDD 라우팅 프로토콜 보다 좀 더 에너지 효율적이라는 결과를 보여 준다.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.421-429
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• 2014

We consider the problem of scheduling communications in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) to ensure battery preservation through the use of the sleeping mode of sensors.We propose a communication protocol for 1-hop WSNs and extend it to multi-hop WSNs through the use of a 1-hop clustering algorithm.We propose to schedule communications in each cluster in a virtual communication ring so as to avoid collisions. Since clusters are cliques, only one sensor can speak or listen in a cluster at a time, and all sensors need to speak in each of their clusters at least once to realize the communication protocol. We model this situation as a mathematical program.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society for Simulation Conference
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• 2005.05a
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• pp.5-9
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• 2005

One of the imminent problems to be solved within wireless sensor network is to balance out energy dissipation among deployed sensor nodes. In this paper, we present a transmission relay method of communications between BS (Base Station) and CHs (Cluster Heads) for balancing the energy consumption and extending the average lifetime of sensor nodes by the fuzzy logic application. The proposed method is designed based on LEACH protocol. The area deployed by sensor nodes is divided into two groups based on distance from BS to the nodes. RCH (Relay Cluster Head) relays transmissions from CH to BS if the CH is in the area far away from BS in order to reduce the energy consumption. RCH decides whether to relay the transmissions based on the threshold distance value that is obtained as a output of fuzzy logic system. Our simulation result shows that the application of fuzzy logic Provides the better balancing of energy depletion and Prolonged lifetime of the nodes.

• The Transactions of the Korea Information Processing Society
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• v.4 no.11
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• pp.2812-2821
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• 1997

In this paper, we presents performance analysis of a location registration protocol using cluster concept to minimize the number of location registrations caused by reduction of cell size and explosive increasement of wireless communication subscribers. We analyze the relationship between the size of cluster and the location registration rate, and finally we apply this analysis to the hexagonal cell structure for justification.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2004.05a
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• pp.1299-1302
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• 2004

본 연구에서는 MANET(Mobile Ad Hoc Network)에서 분산 PKI(Public Key Infrastructure) 메커니즘을 라우팅 프로토콜에 적용하기 위한 방법을 제안한다. 이를 위해 MANET이 사용하는 라우팅 프로토콜로 CBRP(Cluster Based Routing Protocol)를 고려한다. 제안하는 프로토콜은 CBRP의 기능과 분산 PKI 메커니즘을 활용하여 효율적으로 인증서 체인을 찾을 수 있고, 이를 통해 통신노드 상호간의 세션키 설정과 송수신하고자 하는 데이터에 대한 암호화를 지원한다. 또한, 라우팅 프로토콜의 안전한 동작을 위해 제안하는 프로토콜은 전자서명된 HELLO 메시지를 교환하여 악의적인 공격자들에 대해 신뢰성을 제공하고, 안전한 라우팅을 가능하게 한다.