• 조명전기설비학회논문지
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• 제29권7호
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• pp.62-70
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• 2015

The energy of a sensor in a Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) puts a limit on the lifetime of the network. To prolong the lifetime, a clustering plan is used. Clustering technology gets its energy efficiency through reducing the number of communication occurrences between the sensors and the base station (BS). In the distributed clustering protocol, LEACH-like (Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy - like), the number of sensor's cluster head (CH) roles is different depending on the sensor's residual energy, which prolongs the time at which half of nodes die (HNA) and network lifetime. The position of the CH in each cluster tends to be at the center of the side close to BS, which forces cluster members to consume more energy to send data to the CH. In this paper, a protocol, pseudo-LEACH, is proposed, in which a cluster with a CH placed at the center of the cluster is formed. The scheme used allows the network to consume less energy. As a result, the timing of the HNA is extended and the stable network period increases at about 10% as shown by the simulation using MATLAB.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.1866-1888
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• 2017

Efficient energy consumption in WSN is one of the key design issues for improving network stability period. In this paper, we propose a new Heterogeneity-aware Energy-efficient Clustering (HEC) technique which considers two types of heterogeneity - network lifetime and of sensor nodes. Selection of cluster head nodes is done based on the three network lifetime phases: only advanced nodes are allowed to become cluster heads in the initial phase; in the second active phase all nodes are allowed to participate in cluster head selection process with equal probability, and in the last dying out phase, clustering is relaxed by allowing direct transmission. Simulation-based performance analysis of the proposed technique as compared to other relevant techniques shows that HEC achieves longer stable region, improved throughput, and better energy dissipation owing to judicious consumption of additional energy of advanced nodes. On an average, the improvement observed for stability period over LEACH, SEP, FAIR and HEC- with SEP protocols is around 65%, 30%, 15% and 17% respectively. Further, the scalability of proposed technique is tested by varying the field size and number of sensing nodes. The results obtained are found to be quite optimistic. The impact of energy heterogeneity has also been assessed and it is found to improve the stability period though only upto a certain extent.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.473-481
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• 2015

In this study, we propose a clustering algorithm to enhance the performance of wireless sensor and actuator networks (WSANs). In each cluster, a multi-level hierarchical structure can be applied to reduce energy consumption. In addition to the cluster head, some nodes can be selected as intermediate nodes (INs). Each IN manages a subcluster that includes its neighbors. INs aggregate data from members in its subcluster, then send them to the cluster head. The selection of intermediate nodes aiming to optimize energy consumption can be considered high computational complexity mixed-integer linear programming. Therefore, a heuristic lowest energy path searching algorithm is proposed to reduce computational time. Moreover, a channel assignment scheme for subclusters is proposed to minimize interference between neighboring subclusters, thereby increasing aggregated throughput. Simulation results confirm that the proposed scheme can prolong network lifetime in WSANs.

• 대한전자공학회논문지TC
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.18-25
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• 2007

센서 네트워크에서 센서 노드는 제한된 계산 능력, 제한된 양의 에너지, 제한된 기억 능력을 지닌다. 이에 따라 센서 네트워크 설계 시 가장 중요하게 고려할 사항은 에너지 효율성이다. 어떻게 무선 센서 네트워크의 수명을 연장시킬 것인가는 최근 널리 논의되고 있는 사항인데, 에너지 소모, 규모 가변성 및 부하의 분배 측면에서 가장 효율적인 접근 방법 중 하나는 클러스터링 기법이다. 이 기법에서는 클러스터 헤드라 불리는 데이터를 모아 목적지로 보내는 역할의 노드를 주기적으로 변경할 필요가 있는데, 그 이유는 저에너지 소모 및 부하의 분배를 위해서이다. 이 논문에서는 에너지에 기반한 클러스터 헤드 선정 기법과 에너지 소모를 줄이는 위치 예상에 기반한 클러스터 이주 기법을 제안하고, 시뮬레이션을 통해 네트워크의 수명 측면에서 기존 기법에 비해 약 3배 가량 개선됨을 보였다.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제35권9호
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• pp.1340-1350
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• 2022

Objective: Luxi Black Head sheep (LBH) is the first crossbreed specialized for meat production and was developed by crossbreeding Black Head Dorper sheep (DP) and Small Tailed Han sheep (STH) in the farming areas of northern China. Research on the genomic variations and selection signatures of LBH caused by continuous artificial selection is of great significance for identifying the genetic mechanisms of important traits of sheep and for the continuous breeding of LBH. Methods: We explored the genetic relationships of LBH, DP, and several Mongolian sheep breeds by constructing phylogenetic tree, principal component analysis and linkage disequilibrium analysis. In addition, we analysed 29 whole genomes of sheep. The genome-wide selection signatures have been scanned with four methods: heterozygosity (H_P), fixation index (F_ST), cross-population extended haplotype homozygosity (XP-EHH) and the nucleotide diversity (𝜃_π) ratio. Results: The genetic relationships analysis showed that LBH appeared to be an independent cluster closer to DP. The candidate signatures of positive selection in sheep genome revealed candidate genes for developmental process (HoxA gene cluster, BCL2L11, TSHR), immunity (CXCL6, CXCL1, SKAP2, PTK6, MST1R), growth (PDGFD, FGF18, SRF, SOCS2), and reproduction (BCAS3, TRIM24, ASTL, FNDC3A). Moreover, two signalling pathways closely related to reproduction, the thyroid hormone signalling pathway and the oxytocin signalling pathway, were detected. Conclusion: The selective sweep analysis of LBH genome revealed candidate genes and signalling pathways associated with developmental process, immunity, growth, and reproduction. Our findings provide a valuable resource for sheep breeding and insight into the mechanisms of artificial selection.

• 인터넷정보학회논문지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.7-17
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• 2015

무선 센서 네트워크의 구현에 활용되는 IEEE 802.15.4 표준은 이기종 통신 기술들이 공존하는 2.4 GHz ISM 대역을 기반으로 동작하며, 수시로 변하는 네트워크 상태로 인한 간섭을 회피한 전송 효율의 향상과 네트워크의 상태를 고려한 채널 선택 기술이 요구된다. 무선 센서 네트워크는 다수의 센서 노드로 구성되어 있으며, 확장성을 위해 클러스터 기반의 네트워크 구조를 가지며, 싱크 노드는 각 클러스터들의 네트워크 특성정보를 수집하고 주기적 쿼리 메시지 발송을 통해 이 정보들을 네트워크 필드 내 클러스터 헤드들과 공유한다. 본 논문에서는 클러스터 헤드가 수집한 네트워크 정보를 기반으로 클러스터 내에서의 네트워크 상태를 파악하고, 계량화된 처리량 (throughput) 레벨, 수신신호강도 (RSSI) 레벨, 그리고 신뢰성 (reliability)을 파라미터로 하는 목적함수를 통해 적절한 무선채널을 클러스터에서 선택하는 방안을 제안한다. 제안된 방안이 네트워크 상태 변화에서도 데이터 전송 효율을 유지할 수 있음을 컴퓨터 시뮬레이션을 통해 검증하였다.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제17권7호
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• pp.1873-1893
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• 2023

The development of lightweight, low energy and small-sized sensors incorporated with the wireless networks has brought about a phenomenal growth of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) in its different fields of applications. Moreover, the routing of data is crucial in a wide number of critical applications that includes ecosystem monitoring, military and disaster management. However, the time-delay, energy imbalance and minimized network lifetime are considered as the key problems faced during the process of data transmission. Furthermore, only when the functionality of cluster head selection is available in WSNs, it is possible to improve energy and network lifetime. Besides that, the task of cluster head selection is regarded as an NP-hard optimization problem that can be effectively modelled using hybrid metaheuristic approaches. Due to this reason, an Improved Coyote Optimization Algorithm-based Clustering Technique (ICOACT) is proposed for extending the lifetime for making efficient choices for cluster heads while maintaining a consistent balance between exploitation and exploration. The issue of premature convergence and its tendency of being trapped into the local optima in the Improved Coyote Optimization Algorithm (ICOA) through the selection of center solution is used for replacing the best solution in the search space during the clustering functionality. The simulation results of the proposed ICOACT confirmed its efficiency by increasing the number of alive nodes, the total number of clusters formed with the least amount of end-to-end delay and mean packet loss rate.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.1773-1795
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• 2020

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) network are a very vibrant research area nowadays. They have many military and civil applications. Limited bandwidth, the high mobility and secure communication of micro UAVs represent their three main problems. In this paper, we try to address these problems by means of secure clustering, and a security clustering algorithm based on integrated trust value for UAVs network is proposed. First, an improved the k-means++ algorithm is presented to determine the optimal number of clusters by the network bandwidth parameter, which ensures the optimal use of network bandwidth. Second, we considered variables representing the link expiration time to improve node clustering, and used the integrated trust value to rapidly detect malicious nodes and establish a head list. Node clustering reduce impact of high mobility and head list enhance the security of clustering algorithm. Finally, combined the remaining energy ratio, relative mobility, and the relative degrees of the nodes to select the best cluster head. The results of a simulation showed that the proposed clustering algorithm incurred a smaller computational load and higher network security.

• 한국정보과학회논문지:정보통신
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.212-221
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• 2009

본 논문에서는 GPS가 없는 일반적인 Wireless Sensor Networks(WSNs)상에서 상대적 위치정보를 이용하여 지리적으로 고른 clutter를 구성하고, sensor와 BS사이의 거리를 고려하여 cluster head의 선출빈도를 조절하는 새로운 centralized clustering algorithm "RLCA : Relative Location based Clustering Algorithm for Wireless Sensor Networks"를 제안하고, RLCA의 에너지 소비 효율성이 LEACH에 비해 높다는 것을 실험적으로 보인다.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• 제22권9호
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• pp.389-395
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• 2022

A Mobile Sensor Network is widely used in real time applications. A critical need in Mobile Sensor Network is to achieve energy efficiency during routing as the sensor nodes have scarce energy resource. The nodes' mobility in MWSN poses a challenge to design an energy efficient routing protocol. Clustering helps to achieve energy efficiency by reducing the organization complexity overhead of the network which is proportional to the number of nodes in the network. This paper proposes"EERA: Energy Efficient Routing Algorithm for Mobile Sensor Network" is divided into five phases. 1, Cluster Formation 2.Cluster head and Transmission head selection 3.Path Establishment / Route discovery and 4,Data Transmission. Experimental Analysis has been done and is found that the proposed method performs better than the existing method with respect to four parameters.