• 제목/요약/키워드: Cluster Complex

검색결과 387건 처리시간 0.028초

Analysis of a Large-scale Protein Structural Interactome: Ageing Protein structures and the most important protein domain

  • Bolser, Dan;Dafas, Panos;Harrington, Richard;Schroeder, Michael;Park, Jong
    • 한국생물정보학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국생물정보시스템생물학회 2003년도 제2차 연례학술대회 발표논문집
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    • pp.26-51
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    • 2003
  • Large scale protein interaction maps provide a new, global perspective with which to analyse protein function. PSIMAP, the Protein Structural Interactome Map, is a database of all the structurally observed interactions between superfamilies of protein domains with known three-dimensional structure in thePDB. PSIMAP incorporates both functional and evolutionary information into a single network. It makes it possible to age protein domains in terms of taxonomic diversity, interaction and function. One consequence of it is to predict the most important protein domain structure in evolution. We present a global analysis of PSIMAP using several distinct network measures relating to centrality, interactivity, fault-tolerance, and taxonomic diversity. We found the following results: ${\bullet}$ Centrality: we show that the center and barycenter of PSIMAP do not coincide, and that the superfamilies forming the barycenter relate to very general functions, while those constituting the center relate to enzymatic activity. ${\bullet}$ Interactivity: we identify the P-loop and immunoglobulin superfamilies as the most highly interactive. We successfully use connectivity and cluster index, which characterise the connectivity of a superfamily's neighbourhood, to discover superfamilies of complex I and II. This is particularly significant as the structure of complex I is not yet solved. ${\bullet}$ Taxonomic diversity: we found that highly interactive superfamilies are in general taxonomically very diverse and are thus amongst the oldest. This led to the prediction of the oldest and most important protein domain in evolution of lift. ${\bullet}$ Fault-tolerance: we found that the network is very robust as for the majority of superfamilies removal from the network will not break up the network. Overall, we can single out the P-loop containing nucleotide triphosphate hydrolases superfamily as it is the most highly connected and has the highest taxonomic diversity. In addition, this superfamily has the highest interaction rank, is the barycenter of the network (it has the shortest average path to every other superfamily in the network), and is an articulation vertex, whose removal will disconnect the network. More generally, we conclude that the graph-theoretic and taxonomic analysis of PSIMAP is an important step towards the understanding of protein function and could be an important tool for tracing the evolution of life at the molecular level.

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한국 성인의 건강통제위 반응유형별 건강증진행위 (A Study on the Health Promoting Behaviors Depending on the Response Patterns of HLOC in Korean Adults)

  • 구미옥;은영
    • 대한간호학회지
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    • 제28권3호
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    • pp.739-750
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    • 1998
  • The purpose of this study was to identify the response patterns of Health Locus of Control (HLOC) and to analysis of the health promoting behaviors depending on the response patterns of HLOC in Korean adults. The sample was composed of 300 healthy adults ranged from twenties to seventies. In data analysis, SPSS PC/sup +/ program was utilized for descriptive statistics, pearson correlation, ANOVA and cluster analysis. The results of the study were as follows : 1. The average scores of HLOC in Korean were HLOC-I : 24.12(range 6-30), HLOC-P : .21.72, HLOC-C : 17.46. 2. The total mean score of the health promoting behavior scale was 2.50 (range 1-4), and the mean scores on the subscales were ; self actualization 2.60, health responsibility 2.14, exercise 2.28, nutrition 3.16, interpersonal support 2.74, stress management 2.15. 3. The HLOC-I and health promoting behavior were correlated positively(r =0.184, p=0.001), and the HLO-C and the health promoting behavior were correlated negatively(r=-0.102, p=0.039). The HLOC-P and the health promoting behavior weren't correlated in the level of statistical significance. 4. The response patterns of HLOC in Korean adults were identified 6 types, such as pure internal, pure chance, believers in control, yea sayer, nay sayer, and complex control. The type of believers in control and the type of yea sayer were subdivided in two different types. The believers in control was the largest group(33.67%), and yea sayer was the next large group(26.33%). The pure chance and the complex control type was the smallest groups. 5. There was a significant difference in health promoting behavior depending on the response patterns of HLOC(F=2.67, p=0.010). There were also significant differences in 4 subscales of health promoting behavior : self actualization(F=3.12, P=0.003), health responsibility(F=2.15, P=0.038), nutrition(F=5.08, p=0.000), and interpersonal support(F=2.26,p=0.029). These results suggest that the response patterns of HLOC is the important factor to predict the level of health promoting behavior in Korean adults.

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Korean consumers' attitudes towards organic labels and country-of-origin of organic foods

  • Lee, Hye-Kyoung;Cho, Young-Sang
    • 유통과학연구
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    • 제9권1호
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    • pp.49-59
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    • 2011
  • Although the South Korean organic food market is in the infancy compared to other industrialized countries, Korean consumers'interest in organic food and retail stores devoting space to organic products have been rapidly increasing. Despite the fact of organic food popularity, the term "organic" is interpreted differently by individuals. As opposed to the US, Japan and the EU where have operated an integrated organic food labelling system, Korea has adopted complex organic labelling systems regulated by several different government bodies. As a result, complicated food labelling standards make consumers confused when purchasing organic foods. Furthermore, in terms of country of origin (COO), it is argued by a lot of researchers that COO effects vary from product to product and from country to country; moreover, other informational cues such as brand and price can influence COO effects. In modern society, COO labelling has been complicated, due to the sourcing, manufacturing and market locations of merchandise spread over the world. Accordingly, the evaluation of COO effects has become complex. In order to examine these issues, a quantitative research was selected to classify the commonfeatures of organic food consumers and construct statistics such as the extent to which people are aware of organic food and COO labellingvia a questionnaire which took place in two cities in Korea with a cluster sample of 161 organic food purchasers. As for the data analysis, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), T-tests, bivariate crosstatulations with Cramer's V were conducted,depending on the characteristics of variables and the assumptions the research data need to fit. It has been concluded that in general, Korean organic consumers comprehend the term "organic"in a closer way to the general concept rather than technical term, thus people do not appreciate environmentally labels which include organic food labels, although marital status influence the degree of label awareness, regardless of gender, age, education level and so on. Regarding COO effects on organic food, home organic products were Korean consumers'first choice over those from industrialized countries and developing nations. Specifically, in processed organic product category, domestically cultivated and processed organic products were absolutely preferred to leading national brands produced with imported ingredients and international brands. However, due to a lack of checks of ingredients' COO, consumers tend to purchase a leading national organic food brand, believing that it is a pure organic food sourced domestically. As a consequence, this research has suggested some important managerial implications and future research directions. In order to prevent consumer confusion when buying organic foods, it should be noted that consumers do not comprehend the organic food certifications, due to complicated labelling systems for organic produce and processed organic foods. Therefore, government bodies related to organic food distribution have to know consumers' perception of organic food labels and the significance of customer-oriented labels and reestablish labelling standards. Similarly, public advertising should be followed to raise public awareness of the labelling to enable customers to have the correct information. In addition, not only international marketers but also domestic marketers need to understand COO images and also the influence COO of ingredients has on the image of an organic product.

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무선 인터넷 프록시 서버 클러스터 성능 개선 (A Performance Improvement Scheme for a Wireless Internet Proxy Server Cluster)

  • 곽후근;정규식
    • 한국정보과학회논문지:정보통신
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    • 제32권3호
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    • pp.415-426
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    • 2005
  • 사회적으로 큰 관심의 대상이 되고 있는 무선 인터넷은 유선 인터넷과 달리 기술 환경과 그 특성상 여러 가지 제약점들을 가지고 있다. 대역폭이 낮고, 접속이 빈번하게 끊기며, 단말기내의 컴퓨팅 파워가 낮고 화면이 작다. 또한 사용자의 이동성 문제와 네트워크 프로토콜, 보안등에서 아직 기술적으로 부족한 부분을 보이고 있다 그리고 급속도로 증가하는 수요에 따라 무선 인터넷 서버는 대용량 트래픽을 처리할 수 있는 확장성이 요구되어지고 있다. 이에 본 논문에서는 무선 인터넷 프록시 서버 클러스터를 사용하여 앞에서 언급된 무선 인터넷의 문제와 요구들을 캐싱(Caching), 압축(Distillation) 및 클러스터 (Clustering)를 통하여 해결하려고 한다. TranSend는 클러스터링 기반의 무선 인터넷 프록시 서버로 제안된 것이나 시스템적인(Systematic) 방법으로 확장성을 보장하지 못하고 불필요한 모듈간의 통신구조로 인해 복잡하다는 단점을 가진다. 기존 연구에서 시스템적인 방법으로 확장성을 보장하는 All-in-one 이라는 구조를 제안하였으나 이 역시 모듈간의 통신 구조가 복잡하고 캐시간 협동성이 없는 단점을 가진다. 이에 본 논문에서는 모듈간의 단순한 통신 구조와 캐시간 헙동성을 가지는 클러스터링 기반의 무선 인터넷 프록시 서버를 제안한다. 16대의 컴퓨터를 사용하여 실험을 수행하였고 실험 결과 TranSend 시스템과 All-in-one 시스템에 비해 각각 54.86$\%$, 4.70$\%$의 성능 향상을 보였다. 캐시서버간 데이타를 공유할 수 있기 때문에 제안된 구조에서는 캐시서버 수에 무관하게 캐시 메모리 전체 크기를 일정하게 할 수 장점을 가진다. 반면에 All-in-one에서는 각 캐시서버가 모든 캐시 데이타를 가져야 하므로 캐시 메모리 전체 크기가 캐시 서버 수에 비례하여 증가한다.

순창군 장류로부터 분리된 황국균의 동정 및 특성 (Identification and Characterization of Aspergillus oryzae Isolated from Soybean Products in Sunchang County)

  • 임은미;이지영;모하메드;한갑훈;이보순;조용식;김현영
    • 한국균학회지
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    • 제42권4호
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    • pp.282-288
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    • 2014
  • 본 연구에서는 순창지역에서 만들어지는 장류에서 곰팡이를 분리하고 동정하여 보다 안전하고 기능성이 높은 발효제품을 위한 균주를 확보하고자 하였다. 순창지역에서 생산되는 장류 제품으로부터 곰팡이를 분리하여 ${\beta}$-tubulin 유전자 분석 통해 10개의 균주가 Aspergillus oryzae/flavus complex임을 알 수 있었다. 보다 정확한 동정을 위하여 아플라톡신 클러스터 유전자 중에 하나인 omtA의 염기서열을 증폭하여 A. oryzae와 A. flavus 표준 균주의 omtA 서열과 함께 계통 분류한 결과, A. oryzae의 표준 균주와의 유연관계가 높음을 알 수 있었다. 또한 norB-cypA 사이의 염기서열을 증폭한 결과 500 bp이 증폭 산물이 확인되었는데 이는 표준 균주인 A. oryzae의 norB-cypA 사이의 염기서열 증폭 산물과 동일한 크기임을 확인할 수 있었다. A. oryzae로 확인된 10균주를 활용하여 코지를 제조하고 ${\alpha}$-amylase 활성과 protease 활성을 측정하였다. Protease 활성은 6, 13, 17, 27, 37, 그리고 38 균주로 제조된 코지는 대조구(시판되고 있는 종균으로 제작한 코지)보다 2배 정도 높은 protease 활성을 보였으며, ${\alpha}$-amylase 활성은 257~320 U/mL로 측정되었다. 식품안전성을 위한 아플라톡신 분비 확인 결과, 63번 균주로 제조된 코지를 제외한 모든 코지에서 아플라톡신을 만들지 않는 것으로 확인되어, 순창에서 분리된 A. oryzae는 추후 메주 접종균으로 개발할 수 있음을 보여주었다.

수도권 산업단지(클러스터)의 광역권 내부 및 외부 연계구조 분석 (An Analysis on the Linkage Structure of Industrial Complexes(Clusters) in the Internal and External Capital Region)

  • 구양미;남기범;박삼옥
    • 한국경제지리학회지
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    • 제13권2호
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    • pp.181-195
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    • 2010
  • 광역경제권 정책에 따라 산업단지 정책도 광역권 단위에서 연계구조를 구축하려는 방향으로 논의가 진행되고 있다. 본 분석의 목적은 수도권 산업단지들을 대상으로 산업단지간 연계구조를 도출하는 것이다. 먼저 수도권 산업단지 입주업체 설문조사를 실시하여 광역권 내의 지역간 연계 현황을 파악하였다. 산업단지의 업종별 종사자수 자료를 이용하여 산업단지간 구조유사척도를 계산하고, 수도권 내부와 외부 산업단지의 유사성을 살펴보았다. 또한 산업단지간 거리, 업종별 비율, 입지계수 등의 지표를 종합적으로 판단하여 산업단지 허브-스포크 연계구조(안)를 도출하였다.

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Infrared and Radio observations of a small group of protostellar objects in the molecular core, L1251-C

  • Kim, Jungha;Lee, Jeong-Eun;Choi, Minho;Bourke, Tyler L.;Evans II, Neal J.;Di Francesco, James;Cieza, Lucas A.;Dunham, Michael M.
    • 천문학회보
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    • 제40권1호
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    • pp.67.4-68
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    • 2015
  • We present a multi-wavelength observational study of a low-mass star-forming region, L1251-C, with observational results at wavelengths from the near-infrared to the millimeter. Spitzer Space Telescope observations confirmed that IRAS 22343+7501 is a small group of protostellar objects. The extended emission to east-west direction with its intensity peak at the center of L1251A has been detected at 350 and 850 mm with the CSO and JCMT telescopes, tracing dense envelope materials around L1251A. The single-dish data from the KVN and TRAO telescopes show inconsistencies between the intensity peaks of several molecular line emission and that of the continuum emission, suggesting complex distributions of molecular abundances around L1251A. The SMA interferometer data, however, show intensity peaks of CO 2-1 and $^{13}CO$ 2-1 located at the position of IRS 1, which is both the brightest source in IRAC image and the weakest source in the 1.3 mm dust continuum map. IRS 1 is the strongest candidate for being the driving source of a newly detected the compact CO 2-1 outflow. Over the whole region ($14^{\prime}{\times}14^{\prime}$) of L125l-C, 3 Class I and 16 Class II sources have been detected, including three YSOs in L1251A. A comparison with the average projected distance among 19 YSOs in L1251-C and that among 3 YSOs in L1251A suggests L1251-C is an example of low-mass cluster formation, where protostellar objects are forming in a small group.

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제 4기 국민건강영양조사 자료를 이용한 근로자들의 근로형태, 작업환경 및 유해요인 노출과 건강검진결과의 관련성 (The Association of Employment Status, Workplace Environment, and Hazard Exposure with Health Outcome in the Adult Korean Population according to KNHANES IV)

  • 김성훈;김남수;이창곡;함정오;이병국
    • 한국산업보건학회지
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    • 제23권3호
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    • pp.229-242
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    • 2013
  • Objectives: This study was designed to investigate the current status of the association of job-related information such as employment status, workplace environment, and hazard material exposures with health examination outcomes. Methods: The study used data from KNHANES 2007-2009 representing the three years of 2007-2009, which was conducted annually using a rolling sampling design that involved a complex, stratified, multistage, probability-cluster survey of a representative sample of the non-institutionalized civilian population in Korea. The final analytical sample consisted of 17,240 participants. Information on age, education, smoking history and alcohol intake was collected during the health interview. Job related information consisted of employment status, workplace environment, and hazardous material exposure. The selected indices of health examination were blood pressure, fasting glucose, blood cholesterol, HDL, SGOT, SGPT, and BUN. Results: In multiple logistic regression analysis using hypertension and pre-hypertension as dependent variables and job related categories as independent variables after covariate adjustments, the odds of hypertension and pre-hypertension were significantly lower in those with responsibility and power in their job activities. Interestingly, low odds for hypertension were observed among those who reported that their jobs were fast-paced. Conclusions: This study confirmed that some job-related categories in employment status, workplace environment, and hazardous material exposure had an association with health outcome status. It is worthwhile to comment that high responsibility and power in job activities were revealed as one of the important favorable factors to improve health condition of workers.

핵심어 검출을 위한 단일 끝점 DTW알고리즘 (A Single-End-Point DTW Algorithm for Keyword Spotting)

  • 최용선;오상훈;이수영
    • 대한전자공학회논문지SP
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    • 제41권3호
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    • pp.209-219
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    • 2004
  • 본 논문에서는 핵심어 검출 시스템을 실시간 적용이 가능한 하드웨어로 구현하기 위해 연산량이 적고 구조가 간단한 단일 끝점 DTW 방법을 제안한다. 제안된 알고리즘은 일반적 DTW가 양쪽 끝점을 요구하는데 비하여 단지 한쪽 끝점만 필요하므로 이용하기에 편리하며, 국부 검색의 연속이 전역 경로를 이루게 되므로 매우 적은 연산량을 가진다. 그리고, 제안한 단일 끝점 DTW가 보다 나은 성능을 지니도록 하기 위해 새로운 경사 가중치와 거리 측정법을 가지도록 하였다. 이외에도, 단일 끝점 DTW는 특징벡터 정규화를 적용하여 특징벡터 각각의 차원에서 데이터들이 같은 표준편차를 가지게 하며 모든 프레임이 같은 에너지를 가지도록 정규화 되었다 또한, 주어진 학습 패턴들에 클러스터링을 적용한 후, 각 클러스터 내에서 평균을 계산하여 구한 패턴을 해당 핵심어를 대표하는 여러 개의 기준패턴으로 삼았다. 이러한 기준패턴들과 입력 음성의 특징벡터가 이미 정해진 문턱값 보다 작은 거리 내에 있을 때 핵심어는 검출된다. 제안된 알고리즘을 고립단어 음성인식과 핵심어 검출 실험에 적용하여 다른 방법을 이용한 결과보다 성능이 뛰어남을 확인하였다.

Taxonomy of Yellow koji mold (Aspergillus flavus/oryzae) in Korea

  • Hong, Seung-Beom;Lee, Mina;Kim, Dae-Ho;Chung, Soo-Hyun;Samson, Robert A.
    • 한국균학회소식:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국균학회 2014년도 춘계학술대회 및 임시총회
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    • pp.25-25
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    • 2014
  • Koji molds are comprised of yellow, black and white. Black and white koji molds were recently re-visited by this author and it is concluded that they consists of Aspergillus luchuesnsis, A. niger and A. tubingensis, and the most important species for alcoholic beverage production is A. luchuensis. In the case of yellow koji mold, it is comprised of Aspergillus oryzae, A. sojae and A. tamari. In the case of A. sojae, the species is scarcely isolated from nature and rarely used for industry in Korea. Aspergillus tamari is often isolated from traditional Korean Meju, a fermented soybean product, and the classification of the species is clear. However, in the case of A. oryzae, differentiation between A. oryzae and A. flavus is still in controversy. In this study, we collected 415 strains of Aspergillus flavus/oryzae complex from air, rice straw, soybean, corn, peanut, arable soil and Meju in Korea and we examined the aflatoxin producing capacity of the strains. The norB-cypA, omtA and aflR genes in the aflatoxin biosynthesis gene cluster were analyzed. We found that 367 strains (88.4%) belonged to non-aflatoxigenic group (Type I of norB-cypA, IB-L-B-, IC-AO, or IA-L-B- of omtA, and AO type of aflR), and only 48 strains (11.6%) belonged to aflatoxin-producible group (Type II of norB-cypA, IC-L-B+/B- or IC-L-B+ of omtA, and AF type of aflR). In the case of A. flavus/oryzae strains from Meju, almost strains (178/192, 92.7%) belonged to non-aflatoxigenic group and only 14 strains (7.3 %) belonged to aflatoxin-producible group. It is proposed in this study that non-aflatoxigenic strain from Meju is classified as A. oryzae, considering that Meju is food material.

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