• 한국염색가공학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.9-18
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• 2008

Wool has excellent properties, such as heat retention, absorbency, and elasticity, but it has a disadvantage in washability because the fabric will felt and shrink greatly. Felting causes the interlocking of the fiber surface scales with one another. Therefore, the studies on wool finishing have been focused on shrink proofing. Precedent researches on wool shrink proofing are mostly on eco-friendly method. using enzyme. The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of L-cysteine, EDTA in papain treatment of wool fabrics. The specific contents of study are as follows. Depending on pH, temperature, treatment time, enzyme concentration and L-cysteine, EDTA concentration, weight loss, tensile strength, whiteness, SEM were examined. Each papain treatment conditions depending on L-cysteine, EDTA were optimized from these properties. Papain had very low activation without activators. The optimum conditions of papain treatment were pH 7.5, temperature $75^{\circ}C$, time 30minutes(L-cysteine), 180minutes(EDTA) and papain concentration 5%(o.w.f.). In the use of papain 5%(o.w.f.), the activators optimum concentration was L-cysteine 2%(o.w.f.), EDTA 7%(o.w.f.)

• Safety and Health at Work
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.107-117
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• 2023

Background: Thermophysiological comfort in a cold environment is mainly ensured by clothing. However, the thermal performance and protective abilities of textile fabrics may be sensitive to extreme environmental conditions. This article evaluated the thermal insulation properties of three technical textile assemblies and determined the influence of environmental parameters (temperature, humidity, and wind speed) on their insulation capacity. Methods: Thermal insulation capacity and air permeability of the assemblies were determined experimentally. A sweating-guarded hotplate apparatus, commonly called the "skin model," based on International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 11092 standard and simulating the heat transfer from the body surface to the environment through clothing material, was adopted for the thermal resistance measurements. Results: It was found that the assemblies lost about 85% of their thermal insulation with increasing wind speed from 0 to 16 km/h. Under certain conditions, values approaching 1 clo have been measured. On the other hand, the results showed that temperature variation in the range (-40℃, 30℃), as well as humidity ratio changes (5 g/kg, 20 g/kg), had a limited influence on the thermal insulation of the studied assemblies. Conclusion: The present study showed that the most important variable impacting the thermal performance and protective abilities of textile fabrics is the wind speed, a parameter not taken into account by ISO 11092.

• 한국전산구조공학회논문집
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.109-116
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• 2019

본 논문에서는 인체의 열상대역 저피탐을 위한 선행연구로써 인체에서 방사되는 적외선 신호의 특성을 소개한다. 인체에서 방사되는 적외선 신호는 인체 표면의 방사율과 표면온도에 의하여 결정된다. 따라서 적외선 신호해석을 위하여 표면온도를 정확히 도출할 필요가 있고, 이를 위하여 인체의 열적 편안함을 도출하는데 주로 사용 되어온 체온 조절 작용 및 다층 구조 피부 모델을 적용하여 인체의 표면온도 도출에 사용하였다. 기법의 검증을 위하여 비정상 해석 결과와 실험결과의 비교검증을 수행하였으며, 이로부터 체온 조절 작용이 인체의 표면온도 결정에 미치는 영향을 파악하였다. 비정상 해석을 통해 도출된 표면온도와 피부 및 의복의 방사율을 이용하여 적외선 신호를 도출하였으며, 가상의 배경조건에 따라 나타나는 인체의 적외선 신호 특성을 파악하였다. 의복을 착용함으로써 인체는 저방사 배경과의 적외선 신호차이가 작아지는 반면 고방사 조건에서는 역대비로 인해 오히려 피탐지성이 증가하게 된다.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.281-288
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• 1991

Optical behaviors and dyeing properties of color solution extracted from arrowroot leaves were investigated. The wavelength of maximum absorption of the color solution appeared at 268 and 320 nm, respectively. The amount of colors extracted was increased with extracting temperature and time. Spectra of color solution are shifted to longer wavelength at higher pH values, and shifted to shorter wavelength by irradiation for 2 hrs. Remaining ratio of colors by irradiation decreased with increasing alkalinity of color solution. Degree of exhaustion on the silk fabrics was related to the concentration and pH of dyebath. Surface color of dyed fabrics, lightfastness and wash-fastness were variously according to mordant used. Hot water resistance and drycleaning fastness of dyed silk fabrics by treatment of mordants were all within commercially acceptable limits.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.285-298
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• 1992

In this study, bedclimate was investigated depending on various bedquilts used oin ondol in summer. The environmental room condition was maintained at 26: $1^{\circ}C,\;75{\pm}3\%$ R.H., while the ondol surface was kept at $25{\pm}1^{\circ}C$ without heating. The types of bedquilts were hemp, cotton, quilt made of polyester padding with polyester/cotton cover. Two healthy young women were subjected for seven hours' sleep with two replications for this study. The results are as follows. 1) The range of the temperature under the mattress ($25.2\~32.4^{\circ}C$) was lower than that of the temperature on the mattress ($28.8\~35.5^{\circ}C$), or that of the temperature inside the bedquilts ($30.3\~34.4^{\circ}C$). The humidity inside the bedquilts increased during sleeping, and the range of R.H. was $58\~80\%$. 2) The ranges of bedclimate which subjects feel comfortable were $30.5\~33.8^{\circ}C$ on the mattress, $31.0\~34.9^{\circ}C$, $61\~74\%$ R.H. inside the bedquilts. At this range, the mean skin temper-ature of the subjects was $34.3^{\circ}C\~35.2^{\circ}C$. 3) When there was no heating, the weight of the bedding increased during sleeping, and the weight increase was largest in the case of mattress. 4) There were correlations among the skin temperature of three points of the body (abdomen, thigh, foot) and the temperature and R.H. inside the bedquilt. 5) The effect of the type of bedquilts on the microclimate and physiolosical responses were significant. 6) Generally, when there was no heating, the body heat was transferred to the ondol floor, in summer, heat was transferred mostly through the mattress.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.626-638
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• 2020

In this study, protective masks were designed in varying internal volume and analyzed in regards to wearing effect. Masks were measured by surface temperature and subjective wear evaluation. Four experimental masks were created with an increasing distance between the mask center line and nose in increments. The distances were set at 0.0 cm (M0), 2.0 cm (M2), 4.0 cm (M4), and 6.0 cm (M6). The area and volume of each experimental mask was measured and both measurements had a positive correlation with the set distances. Among the experimental masks, M2 was the most breathable. The heat between the face and the mask created by exhalation was able to escape from the mask and provided the highest comfort sensation when worn. Conversely, an internal volume that is too large would decrease its comfort because repetitive breathing deforms the appearance of the mask and adversely affects its fit. Therefore, creating and maintaining the optimal internal volume of the M2 mask is important to achieve maximum thermal sensation and ease of wear.

• 한국군사과학기술학회지
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.644-653
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• 2019

With the development of themal observatory device(TOD), thermal camouflage system has been applied not only to the weapon system but also to the combat suit for soldiers. In this paper, the characteristic of thermal radiation of human body depending on the clothing material properties was analyzed through numerical simulations. The bioheat equation with thermoregulatory model was solved to obtain the realistic surface temperature of human body and these results are combined with the emissivity of human skin and clothing in order to calculate the thermal signature from the human body. According to each thermal resistance of clothing, the optimal background radiance which makes contrast radiance intensity(CRI) be lowest is different. Also, the average CRI variation per thermal resistance change is about twice as much as the case of evaporative resistance change.

• 한국태양에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국태양에너지학회 2011년도 추계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.177-186
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• 2011

We can expect reduction of the sunlight absorption quantity to a structure and an earth surface, a decline of the surface temperature and a decline of the heat transport volume in what there is a method I give the sunlight reflectance in the aspect to the surface of the building by painting sunlight high reflectance paint, and to reduce the sunlight absorption quantity to a structure and an earth surface and does so, and, in addition, a method high water retentivity of tree planting and the road surface of the city space uses evaporation latent heat of the water by making it, and to restrain a rise in temperature is thought about. and It is thought that I reduce the sunlight absorption quantity to not only the structure but also other structures and attention gathers to the reflexive reflector reflecting in the direction again and it is wide as a marker of a board and the clothing of the traffic sign and is used the incidence energy from a source of light for this reflexive reflector now by there is it and devises surface structure again, and controlling reflection directivity for the sunlight for the purpose of raising night visibility.

• 패션비즈니스
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.13-31
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• 2012

The purpose of the study was to analyze the work clothes' clothing comfort and wearer mobility of painting workers with the consideration of the work environment features in the machine and shipbuilding industries in South Korea. A questionnaire survey was conducted for the study, which consisted of questions on the clothing comfort and wearer mobility aspects of painting work clothes by clothes types and body parts. The work clothes' clothing comfort and wearer mobility levels were scaled in 5 points i.e. 1(: very tight/very uncomfortable) to 5(: very slack/very comfortable). The painting work environmental hazardous features were considered as high impact levels of workplace temperature, oxygen deficiency, organic solvent, toxic gas factors while metal fragment factor only impacts 'low' in the painting processes with the findings throughout this study. Since the painting work consisted of surface washing and the spray and touch-up painting processes, which was carried out in an outdoor work place, the painting work clothes should meet high performance of waterproofing from the painting material and air permeability specially in summer as well as thermal performance in winter. The subjects painting workers' assessment of the existing work clothes' clothing oppression was in the levels between 3 (i.e. moderate) and 4 (i.e. comfortable) in a range of 1 to 5 points. The existing painting work clothes' wearer mobility was evaluated 'very uncomfortable' in all work clothes parts, especially, armhole length, biacromial breadth, sleeve length of the jumper; and body rise, waist, hip, thigh and knee circumferences of the pants.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제23권8호
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• pp.1010-1021
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• 1999

Camouflage measures in military purpose utilize the apparent temperature difference between target and background, so it is essential to develop a thermal analysis program for apparent temperature predictions and to apply some camouflage measures to real military targets for camouflage purpose. In this study, a thermal analysis program including conduction, convection and radiation is developed and the validity of radiation heat transfer terms is examined. The results show that longwave radiation along with solar radiation should be included in order to predict the apparent temperature as well as the physical temperature precisely. Longwave emissivity variation as an effective camouflage measures is applied to a real M2 tank. From the simulation results, it is found that an effective surface treatment, such as painting of a less emissive material or camouflage clothing, may provide a temperature similarity or a spatial similarity, resulting in an effective camouflage.